1、ISOInternationalStandardISO18390Firstedition2025-05Cereals,pulsesandcerealproductsSamplingSimplifiedroutinemethodCereales,IegumineusesetproduitsCerealiersEchantillonnageMethodederoutineSimplifieeReferencenumberISO18390:2025(en)COPYRIGHTPROTECTEDDOCUMENTISO2025Allrightsreserved.Unlessotherwisespecifi
2、ed,orrequiredinthecontextofitsimplementation,nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedorutilizedotherwiseinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,orpostingontheinternetoranintranet,withoutpriorwrittenpermission.PermissioncanberequestedfromeitherISOattheaddressbeloworISO,smembe
3、rbodyinthecountryoftherequester.ISOcopyrightofficeCP401Ch.deBlandonnet8CH-1214Vernier,GenevaPhone:+41227490111Email:copyrightiso.orgWebsite:www.iso.orgPublishedinSwitzerlandContentsPageForewordivIntroductionv1 Scope12 Normativereferences13 Termsanddefinitions14 Generalrequirements25 Samplingequipmen
4、tanddevices36 Sampling36.1 General36.2 Samplingofbulkproducts36.2.1 General36.2.2 Samplingofflowingbulkproducts46.2.3 Samplingofstaticbulkproducts46.2.4 Numberandmassofgrainsamples46.2.5 Numberandmassofsamplesofmilledproductsandothercerealproducts66.3 Samplingofmilledproductsandothercerealproductsin
5、pre-packagedunits76.3.1 Cratesandboxesorsacksandbagsforsampling76.3.2 Incrementalsamplesorpre-packagedunits76.3.3 Numberandmassofsamples87 Laboratorysample107.1 Reductionofheterogeneity107.2 Divisionoftheaggregatesample107.2.1 General107.2.2 Sampledividers107.2.3 Coneandquartermethod118 Packagingand
6、labellingofsamples128.1 General128.2 Labelsforsamples128.3 Information129 Shipmentofsamples1210 Samplingreport1211 Healthandsafety13Bibliography14ForewordISO(theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization)isaworldwidefederationofnationalstandardsbodies(ISOmemberbodies).TheworkofpreparingInternationa
7、lStandardsisnormallycarriedoutthroughISOtechnicalcommittees.Eachmemberbodyinterestedinasubjectforwhichatechnicalcommitteehasbeenestablishedhastherighttoberepresentedonthatcommittee.Internationalorganizations,governmentalandnon-governmental,inliaisonwithISO,alsotakepartinthework.ISOcollaboratesclosel
8、ywiththeInternationalElectrotechnicalCommission(IEC)onallmattersofelectrotechnicalstandardization.TheproceduresusedtodevelopthisdocumentandthoseintendedforitsfurthermaintenancearedescribedintheISO/IECDirectives,Part1.Inparticular,thedifferentapprovalcriterianeededforthedifferenttypesofISOdocumentsho
9、uldbenoted.ThisdocumentwasdraftedinaccordancewiththeeditorialrulesoftheISO/IECDirectives,Part2(seeWWW.iso.org/directives).ISOdrawsattentiontothepossibilitythattheimplementationofthisdocumentmayinvolvetheuseof（八）patent(三).ISOtakesnopositionconcerningtheevidence,validityorapplicabilityofanyclaimedpate
10、ntrightsinrespectthereof.Asofthedateofpublicationofthisdocument,ISOhadnotreceivednoticeof（八）patent(三)whichmayberequiredtoimplementthisdocument.HoweverlImplementersarecautionedthatthismaynotrepresentthelatestinformation,whichmaybeobtainedfromthepatentdatabaseavailableatWWW.iso.org/patents.ISOshallnot
11、beheldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights.Anytradenameusedinthisdocumentisinformationgivenfortheconvenienceofusersanddoesnotconstituteanendorsement.Foranexplanationofthevoluntarynatureofstandards,themeaningofISOspecifictermsandexpressionsrelatedtoconformityassessment,aswellasinformatio
12、naboutISO,sadherencetotheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)principlesintheTechnicalBarrierstoTrade(TBT工seeWWW.iso.org/iso/foreword.htmLThisdocumentwaspreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC34,Foodproducts,SubcommitteeSC4,Cerealsandpulses.Anyfeedbackorquestionsonthisdocumentshouldbedirectedtotheusersnationalstan
13、dardsbody.AcompletelistingofthesebodiescanbefoundatWWW.iso.org/members.htmLIntroductionSamplingisaprocedurethatrequiresbothamethodandequipmentthataresuitableforthetask.Anyanalysisofthecharacteristicsofalotandanyinterpretationoftheresultswouldprovefutileifthesamplewerenotrepresentativeofthelotfromwhi
14、chitwastaken.Samplingisadelicateprocedurethatrequiresagreatdealofcare.Itisstronglyrecommendedthatthetaskisentrustedtopersonnelwhohavebeenpreviouslytrainedtousetheappropriateequipment.Astheseproceduresarecomplexforfirstelevators,thesimplifiedroutinemethodgiveninthisdocumenthasbeendevelopedinordertoal
15、lowaneasierdailyapplicationinthegrainsector.TheFepresentativityofthesamplestakenaccordingtothemethoddescribedinthisdocumentwasexperimentallycomparedtothatofthosetakenusingthereferencemethodgiveninISO24333andEuropeanregulationNo4012006t3.Fortheresultsofthesestudies,seeISO/TR29263:2021,Clause6,inwhich
16、themethodofthisdocumentiscalled“routineandtheprotocolofthereferencemethodiscalled“normative.ISO/TR292633showsthat,insomecases,thesamplingerrorcanbegreaterwhenusingthemethoddescribedinthisdocumentcomparedwiththereferencemethod.Itistheresponsibilityoftheoperatortodecidewhetherthegreatersamplingerrorfr
17、omusingthisdocumentisacceptableornot.Cereals,pulsesandcerealproductsSamplingSimplifiedroutinemethod1 ScopeThisdocumentspecifiesasimplifiedroutinemethodforthedynamicorstaticsampling,bymanualormechanicalmeans,ofcereals,pulsesandcerealproductstoassesstheirqualityandcondition.Itisapplicabletosamplingfor
18、thedeterminationofheterogeneouslydistributedcontaminants,undesirablesubstancesandparametersusuallyhomogenouslydistributed,suchasthoseusedtoassessqualityorcompliancewithaspecification.Itisapplicabletodailyuseinthefield,andinsilosandfactoriesthatshiporreceivegrains.Itdoesnotapplytodetermininginsectinf
19、estationinagrainlot.MethodsforassessinginsectpopulationsareprovidedinISO16002andISO6639-2.Thisdocumentdoesnotapplytoseeds.NOTEThesamplingOfseedsisgovernedbytherulesestablishedbytheInternationalSeedTestingAssociation(ISTA).2 NormativereferencesThefollowingdocumentsarereferredtointhetextinsuchawaythat
20、someoralloftheircontentconstitutesrequirementsofthisdocument.Fordatedreferences,onlytheeditioncitedapplies.Forundatedreferences,thelatesteditionofthereferenceddocument(includinganyamendments)applies.ISO24333,CerealsandcerealproductsSampling3 TermsanddefinitionsForthepurposesofthisdocument,thetermsan
21、ddefinitionsgiveninISO24333andthefollowingapply.ISOandIECmaintainterminologydatabasesforuseinstandardizationatthefollowingaddresses: ISOOnlinebrowsingplatform:availableathttps:WWW.iso.org/obp IECElectropedia:availableathttps:WWW.electropedia.org/1.1 lotidentifiedquantityofproduct(cerealsorcerealprod
22、ucts)ofwhichasamplecanbetakenandcontrolledtodetermineone(orseveral)givencharacteristic(三)1.2samplingactofdrawingorconstitutingasampleSOURCE:ISO3534-2:2006,1.3.11.3incrementalsampleamountofmaterialtakenatonetimeateachindividualsamplingpointthroughoutalot(3.1)SOURCE:ISO3534-2:2006,527,modifiedmaterial
23、takenatonetimeateachindividualsamplingpointthroughoutalotreplacedbulkmaterialtakeninoneactionbyasamplingdevice”.Notestoentrydeleted.1.4aggregatesamplecompositesampleaggregationoftwoormoreincrements(3.3)takenbysampling(3.2)throughoutalot(3.1),combinedandhomogenizedSOURCE:ISO3534-2:2006,5.3.4,modified
24、aggregatesampleaddedaspreferredterm,samplingthroughoutalot,combinedandhomogenized,replacedexperimentalsampling,fromalot”.1.5laboratorysamplesamplepreparedbyhomogenizinganddividinganaggregatesample(3.4)forsendingtothelaboratoryandintendedforinspectionortestingSOURCE:ISO6206:1979,3210,modified,samplep
25、reparedbyhomogenizinganddividinganaggregatesamplereplaced,Asampleasprepared11.1.6homogenizationthoroughblendingbymechanicalormanualmeanssothatcontaminantsandphysicalpropertiesaredistributedevenlythroughouttheaggregateorthelaboratorysample(3.5)1.7pre-packagedunitquantityofgrainormillingproductspacked
26、inasack,bagorretailpack1.8samplingerrorthatpartoftotalestimationoferrorofacharacteristicduetotheheterogeneityofthecharacteristics,thenatureofsampling(3.2)andtoknownandacceptabledeficienciesinthesamplingplanSOURCE:ISO7002:1986,A.42,modified“randomdeletedbefore11natureofsampling11.Notetoentrydeleted.4
27、 Generalrequirements4.1 Samplingincludesthefollowingstages: takingadefinednumberofincrementstoconstituteanaggregatesample; homogenizationoftheaggregatesample; reductionoftheaggregatesampleintolaboratorysample(三).4.2 Giventhatthecompositionofcereallotsisrarelyhomogenousandthatcertaincontaminantsaredi
28、stributedinanon-uniformmanner,asufficientnumberofincrementalsamplesshallbetaken.Theseshallbecarefullymixedtocreateanaggregatesamplefromwhichitwillbesubsequentlypossibletoobtainone(orseveral)laboratorysample(三).Forstaticproducts,particularcareshallbetakentoensurethattheseincrementalsamplesaredistribu
29、tedevenlythroughoutthequantityofgrain,bothonthesurfaceandatdepths.4.3 Precautionsshallbetakentoensurethatalloftheequipmentusedisclean,dryandfreeofforeignodours.Thesamplingproceduresshallbecarriedoutsoastoprotectthedrawnproductsfromanysourceofaccidentalcontaminationcausedbyrain,dust,etc.4.4 Allofthes
30、amplingproceduresshallbecarriedoutwithinasufficientlyshortperiodoftimetopreventanyalterationtovolatilesubstancespresentinthesamples.Ifoneofthesamplingstagestakestoolong,theindividualormixedincrementalsamplesshallbekeptinhermeticallysealedandcleanrecipients.4.5 Intheeventofarbitration,thesamplesshall
31、bedrawnbyrepresentativesofthebuyerortheseller,orbyathirdpartyappointedbycommonagreement.4.6 Precautionsshallbetakentoguaranteetheintegrityofallsamplesbetweendrawingandanalysis.5 SamplingequipmentanddevicesNumeroussamplingequipmentitemsanddevicesexist.Themostappropriateequipmentshouldbechosenbytaking
32、intoaccountthesizeoftheproducttobesampled,thequantityrequiredandtherecipientstobeused.Mechanicalsamplersshallalloweasyaccessfortheexamination,cleaning,maintenanceandrepairofallsurfacessubjecttowear.Meansofaccessshouldbeconstructedfrommaterialsthatdonotgenerateanelectrostaticcharge.Manualsamplingequi
33、pmentsuchastriersshouldbeselectedaccordingtothesizeofthegrainbeingsampled.Openingsshouldbeatleastthreetimesthesizeofthelargestparticlestobesampledinordertoavoiddelimitationerrors.Handscoopsshouldhold50gto200g.Inthecaseofmaize,vacuumsamplersshouldfeatureadualtubewithanairsupply.6 Sampling6.1 GeneralT
34、hesamplingofbulkproductsconcernsthedrawingofbothflowingcerealsandstaticcereals.Inbothcases,thesamplecanbedrawnbymechanicalormanualmeans.Thesamplingoflotsinpre-packagedunitsisalwaysstaticsamplingandonlyemploysmanualmeans.Thenumberofincrementalsamplesandthemassaregivenin: Tables1and2forgrain; TableS3a
35、nd4formilledproductsandothercerealproducts; TabIL5formilledproductsandothercerealproductsinpre-packagedunits.Alaboratorysampleshallbetakenperlotorsublotof1500tmaximum.EXAMPLEForalotof60001,fourlaboratorysamplesarerequiredforanalysis.NOTEThesamplemassesindicatedinTableS1to5aretakenfromdatagiveninISO/
36、TR29263.6.2 Samplingofbulkproducts6.2.1 GeneralInsofarasispossible,samplingshouldbecarriedoutwhentheproductsareflowing(e.g.duringloadingorunloading)sothatallofthesectionsconstitutingthelothavethesameprobabilityofbeingsampled.Ifmechanicalmeansarenotavailable,amanualsamplingplanshallbeimplemented.Them
37、ethods(mechanicalormanual)fortakingsamplesfromflowinglotsshallbeadaptedtothespeedatwhichtheproductflows(seeTabIeS1and3).Forstaticgrain,whentheequipmentuseddoesnotallowasampletobetakenthroughouttheentiredepthofthemassofgrain,samplingshallbecarriedoutwhenthemassisflowing.Fortrucksandarticulatedlorries
38、giventhehighspeedofunloading,samplesshouldbetakeninastaticmanner.Toensurethattheoverallsampleisrepresentativeofthelot,thenumberofincrementalsamplesshallbeashighaspossible.TabIeS1to4givetheminimumnumberofsamplestobedrawnaccordingtothesituation.622SamplingofflowingbulkproductsBecausethecharacteristic
39、sandcompositionofthelotcanvary,incrementalsamplesshallbetakenfromtheentirelot,i.e.duringtheentiredurationofgrainflow.Inthecaseofmechanicalsampling,theequipmentshallbeadjustablesothatthesizeoftheincrementalsamplesand/orthesamplingfrequencycanbevariedoverawiderange.Aseriesofincrementalsamplesofadefine
40、dsizeshallbedrawnatpredeterminedintervalsinaccordancewiththeflowandinsuchawaythateachsectionofthelothasthesameprobabilityofenteringintothesamplingdevice.EXAMPLECross-cutsamplingdevicesmeetthisrequirementregardlessoftheflow,sform.Inthecaseofmanualsampling,theincrementalsamplesshallbetakenatregularint
41、ervals.6.2.3 SamplingofstaticbulkproductsInthecaseofstaticsampling,themeansandmethodsfordrawingsamplesshalltakeintoaccountthedepthoftheproducttobesampled: uptoadepthof2m,manualprobesmaybeused; uptoadepthof2,5m,mechanicalSamplersmaybeusedifthesamplingprincipleuponWhichtheyoperatedoesnotcreatesegregat
42、ionattheentrancetotheprobestubeandiftheydonotdamagethegrain; ifthedepthoftheproductexceeds2,5m,onlysuctionsamplingprobesmaybeused.Asofthedateofpublicationofthisdocument,availableequipmentallowsamaximumdepthof9mtobereachedwithoutexcessivedifficultyfortheoperator.Whateverthesamplingmethodused,incremen
43、talsamplesshallbedrawnatregularintervalsacrosstheentirewidthanddepthofthelot,usingagridpattern(seeFigure11.Asofthedateofpublicationofthisdocument,thesamplingprobesusedforgrainsarenotsuitableforpowderyproductssuchasflour.6.2.4 Numberandmassofgrainsamples6.2.4.1 NumberandmassofincrementalsamplesThemin
44、imumnumberandmassoftheincrementalsamplesaregiveninTabIeS1and2.Foreachlotorsublot,thecollectedincrementalsamplesconstitutethebulksamplerepresentativeofthelotorsublot.Itsheterogeneityshallbereducedandthenitshallbedivided(See7iland7.2toconstitutethelaboratorysample.6.2.4.2 MassofthelaboratorysampleTher
45、ecommendedmassofalaboratorysampleisdeterminedbythetypeandtherequirementsoftheteststobeperformed(seeTableS1and2).Foranalysisofcontaminants,themassofthelaboratorysampleshallbe1kgto10kg.Foranalysingothercharacteristics,itshallbeatleast1kg(and3kgforsamplestakenthatareintendedfortrailmilling).6.2.4.3 Sam
46、plingbymechanicalormanualmeansofflowingbulkproductsThemechanicalsamplingdeviceshallbeadjustedsothatanincrementalsampleofthesizespecifiedinTable1canbeobtained.Table1SamplingprocedureforobtainingtheminimummassofalaboratorysampleforflowinggrainandpelletsbymechanicalormanualmeansTypeMassofincrementalsam
47、plesMinimumnumberofincrementalsamples3MinimummassofthelaboratorysampleforcontaminantanalysisMinimummassofthelaboratorysampleforotheranalysesMechanicalsampling300gto1900g 10perlotorsublotof500t 15perlotorsublotof1500tforlotsofalargesizeover1500t ForochratixinAandaflatoxins:10kg Forpesticides,heavymet
48、alsanddioxins:1kg ForotherContaminantsb:3kg1kgto3kgdependingonanalyticalrequirements(forquality/functionalityassessment,seeminimumlaboratorysamplesizesinreferenceofficialmethod)Manualsampling300gto1900gForcontaminants: 10perlotorsublotof500t 15perlotorsublotof1500tforlotsofalargesizeover1500tForotheranalyses: 3perlotorsublotof500t 4perlotorsublotof1500tforlotsofal
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