1、句子成分句子成分定义定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有分。句子成分有主要成分主要成分和和次要成分次要成分;主要成分主要成分:主语和谓语:主语和谓语次要成分次要成分:表语、宾语、定语、状语、:表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语补足语、同位语1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语主语(主语(subject)句子说明的人或事物句子说明的人或事物 Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplus
2、fouriseight.To seeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.The youngshouldrespecttheold.What he has saidistrue.(名词)(名词)(代词)(代词)(数词)(数词)(不定式)(不定式)(动名词)(动名词)(名词化的形容词)(名词化的形容词)(句子)(句子)找出句中主语找出句中主语Thesunrisesintheeast.Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistob
3、elieve.Helikesdancing.Whatheneedsisabook.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.(名词)(名词)(代词)(代词)(数词)(数词)(动名词)(动名词)(不定式)(不定式)(句子)(句子)(名词化的形容词)名词化的形容词)(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)谓语谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征说明主语的动作、状态和特征简单谓语简单谓语:由由动词动词或或动词词组动词词组组成组成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helooked aftertwo
4、orphans.复合谓语复合谓语由由情态动词或助动词情态动词或助动词+动词动词;Hecan speakEnglishwell.Shedoesnt seemtolikedancing英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语,分成不及物动英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语,分成不及物动词与和及物动词。词与和及物动词。及物动词及物动词(vt.):及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象(即宾语),并且可直接跟宾语。(即宾语),并且可直接跟宾语。如:如:HereachedParis.不及物动词(不及物动词(vi.):不及物动词后不能:不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象(即宾语)。若要直接跟有动作的对象(
5、即宾语)。若要跟宾语,必须先在其后加上某个介词。跟宾语,必须先在其后加上某个介词。如如:Look!Sheissinging.Lookatmecarefully!类似的还有:类似的还有:agree,go,work,listen,look,come,die,belong,fall,exist,rise,arrive,sit,sail,hurry,fail,succeed.误:误:dealaproblem正:正:dealwithaproblem处理问题处理问题误:误:dependsb.正:正:dependonsb.依靠(依赖)某人依靠(依赖)某人误:误:insistdoingsth.正:正:insi
6、stondoingsth.坚持要做某事坚持要做某事易误用作及物动词的易误用作及物动词的9个不及物动词:个不及物动词:误:误:knockthedoor正:正:knockonatthedoor敲门敲门误:误:operatesb.正:正:operateonsb.为某人做手术为某人做手术误:误:participatesth.正:正:participateinsth.参加某事参加某事误:误:refersth.正:正:refertosth.查阅(参考查阅(参考)某物某物误:误:relysb./sth.正:正:relyonsb./sth.依靠(依赖)某人依靠(依赖)某人某物某物误:误:replyalette
7、r正:正:replytoaletter回信回信Showyourpassport,please.Shedidntsayanything.Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Theyaskedtoseemypassport.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?(名词(名词)(代词)代词)(数词数词)(名词化的形容词名词化的形容词)(三三)宾语宾语动作的对象或承受者动作的对象或承受者及物动词或介词的宾语及物动词或介词的宾语(不定式)(不定式)(动名词)(动名词)(句子
8、句子)宾语分为宾语分为直接宾语直接宾语和和间接宾语间接宾语.He gave me some books.间接间接宾语宾语直接直接宾语宾语pleasepassmethe book.Heboughthis girlfriendsome flowers.常见跟双宾语动词可接双宾语的38个常用动词(1)双宾语易位时需借助介词to的常用动词award sb.sth.=award sth.to sb.颁奖给某人bring sb.sth.=bring sth.to sb.把某物带给某人hand sb.sth.=hand sth.to sb.把某物递给某人lend sb.sth.=lend sth.to
9、sb.把某物借给某人mail sb.sth.=mail sth.to sb.把某物寄给某人offer sb.sth.=offer sth.to sb.将某物给某人owe sb.sth.=owe sth.to sb.欠某人某物pass sb.sth.=pass sth.to sb.把某物递给某人pay sb.sth.=pay sth.to sb.付给某人某物(钱)post sb.sth.=post sth.to sb.把某物寄给某人return sb.sth.=return sth.to sb.把某物还给某人send sb.sth.=send sth.to sb.把某物送给某人sell sb.s
10、th.=sell sth.to sb.把某物卖给某人serve sb.sth.=serve sth.to sb.拿某物招待某人show sb.sth.=show sth.to sb.拿某物给某人看take sb.sth.=take sth.to sb.把某物拿给某人(2)双宾语易位时需借助介词for的常用动词book sb.sth.=book sth.for sb.为某人预定某物buy sb.sth.=buy sth.for sb.为某人买某物choose sb.sth.=choose sth.for sb.为某人选某物cook sb.sth.=cook sth.for sb.为某人煮某物fe
11、tch sb.sth.=fetch sth.for sb.为某人去取某物find sb.sth.=find sth.for sb.为某人找到某物fix sb.sth.=fix sth.for sb.为某人准备某物get sb.sth.=get sth.for sb.为某人拿来某物make sb.sth.=make sth.for sb.为某人做某物order sb.sth.=order sth.for sb.为某人订购某物pick sb.sth.=pick sth.for sb.为某人采摘某物prepare sb.sth.=prepare sth.for sb.为某人准备某物save sb.s
12、th.=save sth.for sb.为某人留某物sing sb.sth.=sing sth.for sb.为某人唱某物(歌)spare sb.sth.=spare sth.for sb.为某人让出某物steal sb.sth.=steal sth.for sb.为某人偷某物(四)表语(四)表语在在系动词系动词后的部分就是表语后的部分就是表语1.The war was over.2.They seem to know the truth.3.Time is precious.4.Im not quite myself today.5.That remains a puzzle.I dont
13、feel at ease.系动词系动词1)状态系动词状态系动词(be动词)动词)例如:例如:He is a teacher.2)持续系动词持续系动词 keep,remain,stay 例如:例如:He always kept silent at the meeting.他开会时总保持沉默。他开会时总保持沉默。3)表像系动词表像系动词 seem,appear,look,例如:例如:He looks tired.他看起来很累。他看起来很累。4)感官系动词感官系动词 feel,smell,sound,taste 例如:例如:This kind of cloth feels very soft.这种布
14、手感很软。这种布手感很软。5)变化系动词变化系动词 become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如:例如:He became mad after that.自那之后,他疯了。自那之后,他疯了。6)终止系动词终止系动词 prove,turn out,表达表达“证实证实”,“变成变成”之意之意例如:例如:The rumor proved false.这谣言证实有假。这谣言证实有假。注意:系动词不用于被动语态注意:系动词不用于被动语态.(五)定语(五)定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句Heisacleverboy.Hisfa
15、therworksinasteel factory.Thereare54studentsinourclass.Doyouknowbettyssister?Heboughtsomesleeping pills.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.(形容词形容词)(名词名词)(数词数词)(名词的所有格名词的所有格)(动名词动名词)(过去分词过去分词)定语后置:定语后置:如果定语是由如果定语是由一个单词一个单词表示时,通常要前置。表示时,通常要前置。而由而由一个词组或一个句子一个词组或一个句子表示时,通常则后置表示时,通常则后置Thegirlin red ishissister.Theg
16、irlstanding under the treeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwho spoke just now?(六)状语(六)状语状语的功用:状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、状语的功用:状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。Iwillbebackin a while.Theyareplayingon the playground.Hewaslatebecause he got up late.Hegotupsolatethat I missed the train.Iwaited
17、to see you.Heoftenwenttoschoolby bus.Hisparentsdied,leaving him an orphan.Pleasecallmeif it is necessary.Thisbookisveryinteresting.Ifoundthebookinteresting.Doyousmellsomethingburning?Hemadehimselfknown to them.(六)宾语补足语(六)宾语补足语有些有些及物动词及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾除了有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补足语,说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足,语补
18、足语,说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足,使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有:make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.Sheaskedmeto lend her a hand.同位语同位语 位于名词或代词后面,说明它们的性质和情况位于名词或代词后面,说明它们的性质和情况 Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.Heistheoldestamongthemfour.Hetoldmethenewsthatourteam
19、wonthegame.名词名词代词代词数词数词从句从句1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语句子成份练习句子成份练习1、You should study at school.2、The teacher got very angry.3、The boy told me his story.4、We find the task difficult.5、I told him an interesting story.6、We watched the train leaving the station.状语状语表语表语间语间语+直宾直宾宾语宾语+宾补宾补间宾间宾+直宾直宾宾语宾语+宾补宾补