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高中英语必修四unitgrammar主谓一致.pptx

1、会计学1高中英语必修四高中英语必修四unitgrammar主谓一致主谓一致Subject-Verb Agreement主谓一致是指句子的_与_在_和_上必须保持一致主谓一致的三个原则主谓一致的三个原则:1.语法一致 2.意义一致 3.就近原则谓语动词谓语动词主语主语人称人称数数第1页/共34页The boy _ diving.The boys _ diving.isare语法一致语法一致主语为主语为单数或复数单数或复数时,其时,其谓语动词要谓语动词要与其相呼应与其相呼应。第2页/共34页1.and1.两个主语表达不同人、物、概念两个主语表达不同人、物、概念e.g.Time and tide w

2、ait for no man.(岁月不饶人)The writer and the translator are delivering a speech tonight in our school.2.两个主语表达同一人、同一物、两个主语表达同一人、同一物、同一概念同一概念e.g.The writer and translator is delivering a speech tonight in our school.One more fork and knife is on the table.(一副刀叉)(一副刀叉)War and peace is often peoples topic.

3、战争与和平)(战争与和平)第3页/共34页1.and3.并列名词前有并列名词前有noand(no);everyand(every);each and(each)修饰时,谓语一般用单数修饰时,谓语一般用单数e.g.Every man and(every)woman _(have)the same rights.has第4页/共34页语法一致语法一致语法一致语法一致 2 2 主语主语+with(together with/along with),as well as,like,not,but,except,including,rather than,other than,besides,in a

4、ddition to 结构中,谓语与结构中,谓语与前面主语一致前面主语一致e.g.I,as well as they,_(be)ready to help you.The students along with the teacher _(be)required the meeting.Nobody but Jim and Tom _(be)on the playground at that time.amarewas第5页/共34页every one,everybody,everything,anyone,anybody,anything,no one,nobody,nothing,some

5、 one,somebody,something(none,neither除外除外)等不定代词等不定代词及及each,the other作主语时,作主语时,谓语动词用谓语动词用单数单数形式。如:形式。如:Nothing in the box is mine.Someone wants to see you.语法一致语法一致语法一致语法一致 3 3第6页/共34页n nnone none 和和和和 neither neither 作主语时,谓语可作主语时,谓语可作主语时,谓语可作主语时,谓语可用单数也可用复数,但如果修饰的是用单数也可用复数,但如果修饰的是用单数也可用复数,但如果修饰的是用单数也可

6、用复数,但如果修饰的是不可数名词只用单数不可数名词只用单数不可数名词只用单数不可数名词只用单数e.g.None of us is/are perfect.(人无完人)None of the information has been received.语法一致语法一致语法一致语法一致 3 3第7页/共34页more than one;many a修饰修饰名词,复数含义,但是谓语用名词,复数含义,但是谓语用单数单数e.g.Many a student _(be)in the classroom.More than one mother _ (receive)the flowers.is语法一致语法

7、一致语法一致语法一致 4 4receives第8页/共34页n n不定式(短语),动名词(短语),不定式(短语),动名词(短语),不定式(短语),动名词(短语),不定式(短语),动名词(短语),从句作主语时,谓语用单数从句作主语时,谓语用单数从句作主语时,谓语用单数从句作主语时,谓语用单数 e.g.To read English aloud every morning _(do)you a lot of good.Serving the people _(be)my great happiness.When and where we will have a picnic _ _(be not)

8、decided yet.语法一致语法一致语法一致语法一致 5 5doesishas not been第9页/共34页*当当whatwhat引导的句子做主语,若后引导的句子做主语,若后面是面是“be+“be+名词名词”的结构时,谓语随的结构时,谓语随名词变化名词变化。e.g.What you need are these dictionaries.语法一致语法一致语法一致语法一致 5 5第10页/共34页n n由由kind(form,type,sort,species,portion,series)of 等修饰的主语,谓语由这些词等修饰的主语,谓语由这些词决定决定e.g.This kind of

9、 apples _ (sell)well.A series of plays _(be)to be on show next week.语法一致语法一致语法一致语法一致 6 6sellsis第11页/共34页a(large/small/vast)quantity of 或Large quantities of 谓语由quantity的形式决定e.g.A large quantity of oil was put into the soup.A large quantity of apples was in the basket.Large quantities of oil were put

10、into the soup.Large quantities of apples were in the basket.语法一致语法一致语法一致语法一致 7 7第12页/共34页n ntrousers,pants(裤子裤子),shoes,glasses,gloves,stockings,scissors(剪刀剪刀)等词等词作主语时谓语用复数,但如果作主语时谓语用复数,但如果名词前有名词前有 a(the)pair of等量等量词修饰时,谓语动词用复数词修饰时,谓语动词用复数e.g.My glasses are broken.The scissors are sharp.The pair of s

11、hoes under the bed is mine.语法一致语法一致语法一致语法一致 8 8第13页/共34页谓语动词的单复数谓语动词的单复数取决于取决于主语所表达的概念主语所表达的概念,而不,而不取决于表面的语法标志取决于表面的语法标志意义一致意义一致第14页/共34页n n集合名词集合名词(family,team(family,teamgroup,crowdgroup,crowdpublic,government,band,public,government,band,company.)company.)n n若强调整体,谓语动词用单数若强调整体,谓语动词用单数n n若强调个体,谓语动词

12、则用复数若强调个体,谓语动词则用复数e.g.The group is (be)made up of nine students.The group are (be)dancing happily.意义一致意义一致意义一致意义一致 1 1第15页/共34页n n单复数同形的名词单复数同形的名词deer,deer,sheep,fish,seriessheep,fish,series系列系列,speciesspecies物种物种,means,means手段手段,worksworks工厂工厂,aircraft,aircraft飞行器飞行器做主语时,视其表达的意义而做主语时,视其表达的意义而判断谓语动词

13、的单复数。判断谓语动词的单复数。e.g.A new means has been used.Many means have not come into effect.意义一致意义一致意义一致意义一致 2 2第16页/共34页physics,politics,mathematics等一些以等一些以“-ics”结尾的词,指结尾的词,指学科学科时属单数,谓语动词用时属单数,谓语动词用单单数数。Physics is not difficult to learn.Mathematics is a subject studied in nearly every school.n n注:若指注:若指某学科能

14、力,成绩,某学科能力,成绩,应用等或非学科含义应用等或非学科含义时被看作时被看作复数,谓语常用复数,谓语常用复数复数。My mathematics are week.What are your politics?政治信仰/见解意义一致意义一致意义一致意义一致 3 3第17页/共34页意义一致意义一致意义一致意义一致 4 4主语是疑问代词主语是疑问代词who,what,which,不定代词不定代词some,all,more,most,any,none等以及名词等以及名词half,part,the rest等既可表示复数意义又可等既可表示复数意义又可表示单数意义,其谓语视它们所代指的名表示单数意义

15、其谓语视它们所代指的名词而定。词而定。Eg:Which is more valuable,health or wealth?Which are prettier,these or those?We had some paper,and the rest was put back.第18页/共34页意义一致意义一致意义一致意义一致 4 4第19页/共34页意义一致意义一致意义一致意义一致 5 5the number of(.的数量)的数量),the variety of(种类种类)用单数谓语,用单数谓语,a number of(许多,大量)(许多,大量),a variety of(各种各样的(

16、各种各样的.)用复数谓语用复数谓语1.The number of traffic accidents _(have)increased.2.A number of children _(like)this song.3.There are a variety of toys on sale in that shop.4.The variety of goods on sale in that shop is surprising.haslike第20页/共34页意义一致意义一致意义一致意义一致 6 6第21页/共34页意义一致意义一致意义一致意义一致 6 6表示时间,金钱,距离,重量等复数名词

17、作表示时间,金钱,距离,重量等复数名词作主语时,被主语时,被看作整体看作整体时谓语用时谓语用单数单数Sixty years is a long time.Ten dollars is enough for him.Three thousand miles is a long distance.Fifty kilograms is not too long to be carried.*如如强调具体数目强调具体数目,则用,则用复数复数。One hundred cents make a dollar.More than fifty years have passed since they got

18、married.第22页/共34页The new is sure to replace the old.“the+形容词形容词/分词分词”表示一类人,谓语用表示一类人,谓语用复数复数,eg.the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the disabled,the sickThe sick have been cured and the lost have been found.但如果指但如果指事物或抽象概念事物或抽象概念时时,谓语动词用谓语动词用单数单数.意义一致意义一致意义一致意义一致 7 7第23页/共34页n nNeither the students

19、 nor the teacher _(know)what happened.n nThere _(be)an apple,two bananas,five oranges in the basket.就近原则就近原则指谓语动词单复数取决于离它指谓语动词单复数取决于离它最最近的词语近的词语,而无须考虑其他的词,而无须考虑其他的词knowsis第24页/共34页就近原则就近原则就近原则就近原则 1 1第25页/共34页就近原则就近原则 2 2第26页/共34页并列主语中谓语应与哪个保持一致并列主语中谓语应与哪个保持一致并列主语中谓语应与哪个保持一致并列主语中谓语应与哪个保持一致?1.You or

20、he _ to blame.1.You or he _ to blame.你或他有一人要受责备。你或他有一人要受责备。你或他有一人要受责备。你或他有一人要受责备。2._ you or he to blame?2._ you or he to blame?受责备的是你还是他?受责备的是你还是他?受责备的是你还是他?受责备的是你还是他?A Aisis,Is BIs Bareare,Are Are C Cisis,Are DAre D areare,IsIs答案:C,就近一致第27页/共34页谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致谓语应该跟主

21、语一致还是跟表语一致?n nWeChinese_ahard-WeChinese_ahard-workingpeopleworkingpeopleA AisisB BareareCCisbeingDisbeingDarebeingarebeing 此题应选此题应选B B。主谓一致(即谓语与主语保。主谓一致(即谓语与主语保持一致),而不是表谓一致(即不是谓语持一致),而不是表谓一致(即不是谓语与表语一致),本题意为:我们中国人是与表语一致),本题意为:我们中国人是一个勤劳的一个勤劳的民族民族。第28页/共34页1.The teacher with two students _ at the mee

22、ting.(was/were)2.A woman with a baby in her arms _ waiting for the bus in the rain.Awas Bwere Chas Dhave3.E-mail,as well as the telephones,_ an important part in daily communication.A.is playing B.have played C.are playing D.playwasAAExerciseandRulesExerciseandRules第29页/共34页ExerciseandRulesExercisea

23、ndRules3.Reading English papers and magazines _helpful 3.Reading English papers and magazines _helpful to our study of English.(is/are)to our study of English.(is/are)4.Whether he comes or not _ of no matter.(is 4.Whether he comes or not _ of no matter.(is/are)/are)5.To say _ one thing;to do _anothe

24、r.(is/are)5.To say _ one thing;to do _another.(is/are)6.Listening,speaking,reading and writing _four 6.Listening,speaking,reading and writing _four skills for English study.(is/are)skills for English study.(is/are)7.Where to find the plant and what to do with it 7.Where to find the plant and what to

25、 do with it _still the problems to settle_still the problems to settle.(is/are)(is/are)isisisisareare第30页/共34页ExerciseandRulesExerciseandRules8.Many a boy _ made such a funny experiment.8.Many a boy _ made such a funny experiment.A.have B.are C.has D.is A.have B.are C.has D.is 9.Every means _ been t

26、ried since then.9.Every means _ been tried since then.A.has B.were C.was D.has been A.has B.were C.was D.has been10.Each actor and(each)actress_ invited to our 10.Each actor and(each)actress_ invited to our school.(is/are)school.(is/are)11.Every boy and(every)girl _ got a toy train.11.Every boy and(

27、every)girl _ got a toy train.(has/have)(has/have)12.No teacher and no student _ to have classes on 12.No teacher and no student _ to have classes on Sunday.(agree/agrees)Sunday.(agree/agrees)CAishasagrees第31页/共34页ExerciseandRulesExerciseandRules15.70 percent of the surface _covered with 15.70 percen

28、t of the surface _covered with water.water.(is/are)is/are)16.70 percent of the farmers _ improved their 16.70 percent of the farmers _ improved their living conditions.(have/has)living conditions.(have/has)17.The rest of his journey _ pleasant.(was/were)17.The rest of his journey _ pleasant.(was/wer

29、e)18.The rest of the girls _ fond of music.(is/are)18.The rest of the girls _ fond of music.(is/are)19.All of your work _well done.(is/are)19.All of your work _well done.(is/are)20.All of your answers _ correct.(is/are)20.All of your answers _ correct.(is/are)ishavewasareisare第32页/共34页ExerciseandRulesExerciseandRules23.Either the girl or the boy _ from Canada.(is/are)24.Not only the door but also the windows _ open.(is/are)25.Neither you nor I _ the answer.(knows/know)26.Not you but I _wrong.(am/are/is)27.You or he _ to take part in the competition.(is/are)isareknowamis第33页/共34页

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