1、2022年考博英语-大连理工大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Despite Denmarks manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they are to be Danes. This would sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, they always begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance, the difficulty of its la
2、nguage, the general small-mindedness and self indulgence of their countrymen and the high taxes. No Dane would look you in the eye and say Denmark is a great country. Youre supposed to figure this out of yourself.It is the land of the silk safety net, where almost half the national budget goes towar
3、d smoothing out lifes inequalities, and there is plenty of money for schools, day care, retraining programs, job seminars Danes love seminars: three days at a study center hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded by English, in advertising, pop music,
4、 the Internet, and despite all the English that Danish absorbs there is no Danish Academy to defend against it old dialects persist in Jutland that can barely be understood by Copenhageners. It is the land where, as the saying goes, Few have too much and fewer have too little, and a foreigner is str
5、uck by the sweet egalitarianism that prevails, where the lowliest clerk gives you a level gaze, where Sir and Madam have disappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. Its a nation of recycles - about 55% of Danish garbage gets made into something new and no nuclear power plants. Its a nation of t
6、ireless planners. Trains run on time. Things operate well in general.Such a nation of overachievers a brochure from the Ministry of Business and Industry says, Denmark is one of the worlds cleanest and most organized countries, with virtually no pollution, crime, or poverty. Denmark is the most corr
7、uption-free society in the Northern Hemisphere. So, of course, ones heart lifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti on buildings (Foreigners Out of Denmark!)，broken beer bottles in the gutters, drunken teenagers slumped in the park.Nonetheless, it is an orderly land. You drive throug
8、h a Danish town, it comes to an end at a stone wall, and on the other side is a field of barley, a nice clean line: town here, country there. It is not a nation of jaywalkers. People stand on the curb and wait for the red light to change, even if its 2 a.m. and theres not a car in sight. However, Da
9、nes dont think of themselves as a waiting-at-a-a.m.-for-the-green-light people thats how they see Swedes and Germans. Danes see themselves as jazzy people, improvisers, more free spirited than Swedes, but the truth is (though one should not say it) that Danes are very much like Germans and Swedes. O
10、rderliness is a main selling point. Denmark has few natural resources，limited manufacturing capability; its future in Europe will be as a broker, banker, and distributor of goods. You send your goods by container ship to Copenhagen, and these bright, young, English-speaking, utterly honest, highly d
11、isciplined people will get your goods around to Scandinavia, the Baltic States, and Russia. Airports, seaports, highways, and rail lines are ultramodern and well-maintained.The orderliness of the society doesnt mean that Danish lives are less messy or lonely than yours or mines, and no Dane would te
12、ll you so. You can hear plenty about bitter family feuds and the sorrows of alcoholism and about perfectly sensible people who went off one day and killed themselves. An orderly society cannot exempt its members from the hazards of life.But there is a sense of entitlement and security that Danes gro
13、w up with. Certain things are yours by virtue of citizenship, and you shouldnt feel bad for taking what youre entitled to, youre as good as anyone else. The rules of the welfare system are clear to everyone, the benefits you get if you lose your job, the steps you take to get a new one; and the orde
14、rliness of the system makes it possible for the country to whether high unemployment and social unrest without a sense of crisis.1.The author thinks that Danes adopt a attitude towards their country（ ）.2.Which of the following is NOT a Danish characteristic cited in the passage?3.The authors reactio
15、n to the statement by the Ministry of Business and Industry is（ ）4.According to the passage, Danish orderliness（ ） .5.At the end of the passage the author states all the following EXCEPT that（ ）问题1选项A.boastfulB.modestC.deprecatingD.mysterious问题2选项A.Fondness of foreign.B.Equality in society.C.Linguis
16、tic tolerance.D.Persistent planning.问题3选项A.disapprovingB.approvingC.noncommittalD.doubtful问题4选项A.sets the people apart from German and SwedesB.spares Danes social troubles besetting other peopleC.is considered economically essential to the countryD.prevents Danes from acknowledging existing troubles
17、问题5选项A.Danes are clearly informed of their social benefitsB.Danes take for granted what is given to themC.the open system helps to tide the country overD.orderliness has alleviated unemployment【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:A第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.文章第一段第一句Despite Denmarks manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how pr
18、oud they are to be Danes， they always begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance, the difficulty of its language, the general small-mindedness and self indulgence of their countrymen and the high taxes.提到尽管在外人看来丹麦有着非常多的有点，但是丹麦人自己并没有引以为傲，反而他们经常会谈论自己国家面积小、语言难懂等缺点，可以看出他们是非常谦虚的，选项B符合题意。2.文章第三
19、段skinhead graffiti on buildings (Foreigners Out of Denmark!)提到在某些建筑物上写着“外国人滚出丹麦”可知部分丹麦人对外国人并不友好，选项A符合题意。3.文章第三段a brochure from the Ministry of Business and Industry says, Denmark is one of the worlds cleanest and most organized countries, with virtually no pollution, crime, or poverty. Denmark is th
20、e most corruption-free society in the Northern Hemisphere.”提到丹麦工商部印发的宣传册上宣传丹麦是世界上最干净，最有秩序的国家，然而作者紧接着提出丹麦街头的一些不好的现象，比如有些大楼上写着“外国人滚出丹麦”、破碎的啤酒瓶，还有喝醉了的青少年等，由此看出作者对工商局的宣传持不同意的态度。选项A符合题意。4.文章第四段提到得益于做事有序，丹麦在欧洲的未来是作为代理商、银行和产品分销商（its future in Europe will be as a broker, banker, and distributor of goods），选项
21、C符合题意。5.文章最后一段提到you shouldnt feel bad for taking what youre entitled to，排除选项B；由the rules of the welfare system are clear to everyone可以排除A；由the orderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to whether high unemployment and social unrest without a sense of crisis可以排除选项D。所以选项C符合题意。2. 翻译题T
22、he most intensive forms of rural land use for agricultural purposes are those concerned with harvestable crops or with the production of animal products. Unlike primitive agriculture, which involved only the temporary removal of natural vegetation and depended for a short period of time natural soil
23、 fertility, conventional agriculture today uses large inputs of chemicals, energy and technical skills to produce increased yields of crops or animals. In the technologically advanced countries food production is often greater than population growth, and it is possible to retire former farmlands fro
24、m use and to produce crops according to demand without approaching the maximum yields obtainable. The so-called Green Revolution has been based on the spread such farming methods to less developed nation of the world. It has been made possible by the breeding of high-yielding forms of grain specific
25、ally adapted to the ecological conditions of the countries involved. The decision to use an area of land for high-yield agriculture essentially rules out its use for attar purposes. The intensive production of farm crops in an agricultural region may also have side effects; as has been previously no
26、ted, these may include the pollution of other the pesticides, herbicides, or other agricultural chemicals blown or washed from farmlands affect vegetation and animal life elsewhere. Nevertheless, committing an area to intensive agricultural production does not rule out its future restoration for oth
27、er uses. As long as the soils are well cared for, such areas can be convened quickly to other purposes if it is not necessary to keep them in farm production. Abandoned farmlands in the southern United States, for example, are now highly productive forest areas, and former fanning lands elsewhere ar
28、e being used to support wildlife and outdoor recreation. In general planning for conservation of natural resources, intensive use and high production in those areas best suited for farming must be of course, that the polluting effects of these activities on the general environment are avoided. Such
29、concentration can spare the destruction of other resources through to use inadequate lands for marginal farming activities.【答案】最密集的农业用途的农村土地使用形式与提高农作物或者动物产品的产量有关。原始农业涉及的仅仅是自然植被的临时迁移，还有短时间内依靠自然土壤的肥力，与之不同的是，今天的传统农业使用大量的化学品，能源还有技术技能，从而农作物和动物产品的产量得到很大的提高。技术先进国家食物产量的增长往往比人口增长快，并有可能让之前的农田荒废，根据需求生产作物，避免其索取
30、接近最高产量。所谓的绿色革命一直立足于向世界欠发达国家传播这种耕作方式。通过播种适应于当地生态环境的高产作物可能实现这一点。决定使用某个地方来种植高产农作物后，基本排除了将这个地方做其他用途。农业地区的集约化农作物生产也有副作用；之前已经提到过，这些可能包括其他地区的污染比如农药、除草剂或者从其他农田风刮过来或者冲过来的农用化学品，这些都会影响到其他地方的植被和动物。然而，将一个地区专项集约化农业生产并不排除将来将其恢复用于其他用途。只要土壤被保护得好，这些地区能够很快被转换到其他目的，其他是没有必要再让它们用于农业生产。例如，美国南部的弃耕地，现在是高生产力的森林地区，其他前耕作土地正在用来
31、支持野生动物和户外休闲。对自然资源的保护，针对最适合耕种的区域的集约化利用和高产量的总体规划当然应该避免这些活动对环境的污染。这种集中通过利用边际农业活动中使用不足的土地可以免除对其他资源的破坏。3. 单选题Another trend of the 1990s in the computer industry is toward multimedia formats, as the market for conventional types of computer-those that have computation and data processing as their major fu
32、nctions-has begun to become saturated. Multimedia computers are systems that can process graphics, sound, video, and animation in addition to traditional data processing. Videocassette recorders, televisions, telephones, and audiocassette players have recently undergone a change in technology from a
33、nalog to digital formats. Television images, for example, can be processed by computer programs once they have been converted to digital signals while those in conventional analog signals cannot. In other words, digital video images can be zoomed up or down, reshaped, or rearranged by the appropriat
34、e software. Also, due to advances in video-signal compression technology, the memory space required for storing a video program has been greatly reduced.Multimedia has important applications for consumer products and for business needs. Video scenes that are captured by camcorders can be combined wi
35、th text, sound, and data and can be on television sets in homes, schools, or offices. These multimedia presentations are becoming useful educational and communication tools. For example, there are availableEncyclopedias that contain video programs depicting animal behaviors, geomorphic processes, an
36、d other natural phenomena. Automobile mechanics can watch videos that demonstrate how to repair new models. In business applications, documents can be annotated with voice or video. New consumer products can be more effectively marketed by demonstrating how they can be used, CD-ROMS of numerous othe
37、r subjects have been recently published; all of them can be viewed on TV monitors using multimedia computers. These multimedia computer systems can, in turn, be incorporated into computer networks enhancing the effectiveness of communication.This multitude of new products and capabilities has been m
38、ade possible by the tremendous progress of microprocessor technology. Because of the advances in this area, personal computers have become more powerful, smaller, and less expensive, which has enabled computer networks to proliferate. Many of the tasks that were traditionally performed by mainframes
39、 have been transferred to personal computers connected to communications networks. Although the mainframe continues to be produced and serves a useful purpose, it has been used more often as one of many different computers and peripheral devices connected to computer networks. In this new role, the
40、function of mainframes as powerful processors of database systems in becoming important, and, as a result, massively parallel computers with hundreds or thousands of microprocessors are being produced. In addition to being powerful, the microprocessors used for this purpose must be inexpensive, but
41、low costs can be achieved only if they are mass-produced. Throughout the world, more than 100,000,000 personal computers and 500,000 workstations are in use whereas only several hundred supercomputers are in operation; the numbers of mainframes and minicomputers fall somewhere between those of super
42、computers and workstations. Because of such high-volume production, microprocessors for personal computers or workstations tend to be inexpensive and are available for use in massively parallel computers as well.1.Multimedia computers（ ） .2.The underlined word “annotated” in the second paragraph mos
43、t probably means（ ）3.According to this passage4.Which of the following is a proper title for this passage?问题1选项A.can process anything but digital dataB.can even process television imagesC.are rarely used in educationD.has few business applications问题2选项A.explainB.forwardedC.preparedD.presented问题3选项A.
44、the market for multimedia computers has become saturatedB.most mainframes have been transformed into personal computersC.most personal computers have become much more powerful than mainframesD.the now costs of microprocessors have been achieved thanks to the high-volume production问题4选项A.Multimedia C
45、omputersB.Microprocessor TechnologyC.Computer NetworksD.Changing Role of Computers【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A【解析】1.文章第一段television images, for example, can be processed by computer programs once they have been converted to digital signals while those in conventional analog signals cannot提到电视画面能够通过计算机程序
46、处理，所以选项B符合题意。2.题干中的单词出现在句子In business applications, documents can be annotated with voice or video中，意思是“在商务英语中，文件通常能用视频或者音频作为注释”。选项A “解释”符合题意。3.文章最后一段In addition to being powerful, the microprocessors used for this purpose must be inexpensive, but low costs can be achieved only if they are mass-prod
47、uced 提到大量生产降低了微处理器的成本，选项D与之相符，符合题意。4.文章讲述的是多媒体电脑给计算机市场带来了各种各样的变化，以及这类电脑在消费类产品和商业需求中的应用，选项A符合题意。4. 单选题Tom（ ） better than to ask Dick for help.问题1选项A.shall knowB.shouldnt knowC.has knownD.should have known【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。should have “本该”，表示本应该做，实际上没做，用虚拟语气。句意：汤姆早就该知道不能去找迪克帮忙。选项D符合题意。5. 单选题People who l
48、ive in small towns often seem more friendly than those who living in（ ）populated areas.问题1选项A.thicklyB.denselyC.heavilyD.keenly【答案】B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。thickly “厚地，浓地”；densely “浓密地，密集地”；heavily “沉重地，猛烈地”；keenly “敏锐地，强烈地”。句意：生活在小城镇的人往往看起来比生活在人口密集地区的人友善。选项B符合题意。6. 单选题Many tourists were （ ）by the citys complicated traffic system.问题1选项A.degradedB.bewilderedC.evokedD.diverted【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。degr
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