1、 外教一班 敖文平 十一月 俚语一、一、Definition of slang 俚语的定义俚语的定义二、二、The Origin and Development of Slang 俚语的起源和发展俚语的起源和发展三、三、The Function of Slang 俚语的作用俚语的作用四、四、Illustrations 实例实例五、五、Materials 俚语相关俚语相关一、一、Definingslang俚语（slang）多是用来表达新鲜事物或旧事新说的一种语言，其所用到的多为粗俗或通行面较窄的方言词汇，属于非习惯性的用语。俚语大多是地方性百姓在生活中通俗顺口的语言，地域生活色彩更为浓厚。随着社
2、会的前进和时代的变迁，俚语成了美国现代生活中不断演变的文化产物。而当今美国俚语最鲜明的发展趋势可以归结为简洁明了以及与标准语的融合。二、二、The Origin and Development of Slang俚语最早盛行的群体极为亚文化群，这也就注定了其俚语词汇较难由构字得到，一般是从日常语言中进行借鉴或赋予新的内涵。因而俚语赋予新义的途径通过夸张、褒贬义化、语音改变、词义扩大或缩小、截取缩短、婉转等各类修辞方法来实现，比较字面化。俚语的形成和发展离不开其身处的历史和文化现实，随着俚语的普及它已理所当然地向标准语过渡，进入了一些正式的场合。而俚语本身生动简练的特性更是使得其在表达个性和情感的
3、时候成了最为合适的媒介，这也是俚语能在短时间内走红的一个重要理由。美國俚語三、TheFunctionofSlang俚语的最大功能是既可以使得表述者的情感淋漓尽致地表达完全，也可以将一些难以启齿的直接话语通过委婉的方式传递。比如在俚语表达中一句话常常会被加强语气并进行情感的丰富“我想你”瞬间就成为了“我想死你了”，夸张的词汇变换手法瞬时把表述者的情感刻画的十分强烈，有助于彼此关系的拉近。此外在一些比较忌讳的词语例如“死亡”上，寿终正寝（toendonesday）、与世长辞（toexpire）以及合眼（tocloseoneseyes闭眼,合眼）都是最为完美的替代选项。同时bunintheoven（
4、烤箱里有甜饼）在电影乃至生活中也以委婉的方式替代了较为直接的pregnant（怀孕）。When pigs flyMeaning:Never.Ifyouyousaywhen pigs fly,youmeansomethingwillneverhappen.Peoplesometimessay,And pigs might flytomeansomethingapersonjustsaidwillneverhappenorisimpossible.Example:A:Doyouthinkshellevercomebackandworkwithusagain?B:When pigs flyshewi
5、ll.(Shewillnevercomebackagain.)A:Wemightgetaraisewhenanotherpersonbecomesthepresident(ofthiscompany).B:And pigs might fly.(Itllneverhappen.)Meaning:Aletterfromawomantoherboyfriendorhusbandtellinghimthatshedoesntlovehimanymore.Ifawomanwritesa Dear John lettertoherboyfriend(orhusband),shetellshimthats
6、hewantsendtheirrelationship.Example:HisgirlfriendwrotehimaDear John letterandmovedtoJapan.Meaning:Rarely,almostneverIfyousaysomethinghappensonce in a blue moon,youmeanithappensveryrarely.A blue moon isthesecondoftwofullmoonsinthesamemonth,whichhappensrarely.Example:Hehasaverynicecar,buthedrivesonce
7、in a blue moon.Meaning:Tobetoooldtodosomething.Ifyoucallsomeoneto be over the hill,yousayrudelythathe/sheisoldandnolongerattractiveorproductive,notsuitableforsomething,ornotcapableofdoingsomethinguseful.Example:Sam,afamousfootballplayer,hasdecidedtoretirenextyear.Althoughheisonly34,hethinksheis over
8、 the hillasanathlete.Attheageof85,shesaysshesneverfeltshes over the hill.Shealwaysfindssomethinggoodshecandoforotherpeople.Meaning:Makepeople(audience)excited,laugh,orenjoyalotwhileperformingormakingaspeechIfyou,yourperformance,oryourspeechbrings the house down,yourperformanceorspeechissogoodthattheaudienceenjoysitalot,becomesexcited,applauds(claptheirhands),orlaughsalot.Example:Sarahisamusicalgenius.Herperformancesalways bring the house down.ThePrimeMinisterbrought the house downwhenhemadehismonumentalspeechin1965.http:/
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