1、SirWinstonLeonardSpencerSirWinstonLeonardSpencerChurchillChurchill 1874.11.30.1965.1.24.1874.11.30.1965.1.24.1WinstonChurchillSir Winston Leonard Spencer-ChurchillwasaBritishpoliticianandstatesmanknownforhisleadershipoftheUnitedKingdomduringtheSecondWorldWar.Heiswidelyregardedasoneofthegreatestwarti
2、meleadersofthecenturyandservedasPrimeMinistertwice(194045and195155).Anotedstatesmanandorator,ChurchillwasalsoanofficerintheBritishArmy,ahistorian,awriter,andanartist.HeistheonlyBritishprimeministertohavereceivedtheNobelPrizeinLiterature,andwasthefirstpersontobemadeanHonoraryCitizenoftheUnitedStates.
3、是英国政客和政治家，他领导英国在第二次世界大战期间的。他被广泛认为是本世纪最伟大的战时领导人之一，并作为担任总理两次（1940-45 及 1951-55）。一位著名的政治家和演说家，丘吉尔人员在英国的军队，一个历史学家，作家和艺术家。他是唯一有获得诺贝尔文学奖 的英国首相，而且是第一人，美国名誉公民。2Personaldetails Born:30November1874Died:24January1965(aged90)Spouse(s):ClementineChurchill(m.19081965)Children:DianaChurchillRandolphChurchillSarahT
4、uchet-JessonMarigoldChurchillMarySoamesRelations LordRandolphChurchill(father)LadyRandolphChurchill(mother)JohnStrangeSpencer-Churchill(brother)PamelaHarriman(formerdaughter-in-law)WinstonChurchill(grandson)3FamilyandEarlylife ChurchillwasbornintothearistocraticfamilyoftheDukesofMarlborough.Hisfathe
5、r,LordRandolphChurchillwasacharismaticpoliticianwhoservedasChancelloroftheExchequer;hismotherJennyJerome,anAmericansocialite.Becauseofthelackofparentalcontact,hebecameveryclosetohisnanny,ElizabethAnneEverest,whomheusedtocallOldWoom.4EducationHewaseducatedatthreeindependentschools:St.GeorgesSchool,As
6、cot,BrunswickSchoolinHoveandthenatHarrowSchoolfrom17April1888,wherehismilitarycareerbegan.AfterChurchillleftHarrowin1893,heappliedtoattendtheRoyalMilitaryCollege,SandhurstWinstonChurchillgraduatedfromtheroyalmilitaryacademyatsandhurstin1894.Churchill in military uniform in 18955AyoungWinstonChurchil
7、lonalecturetouroftheUnitedStatesin1900Churchill in military uniform in 18956EarlyPoliticalcareerChurchill with the Royal Scots Fusiliers,19167Churchillselectionposterforthe1900generalelection.HecontestedOldham,andwononeoftheseats.AftertheWhitsunrecessin1904hecrossedthefloortositasamemberoftheLiberal
8、Party.WhentheLiberalstookofficewithHenryCampbell-Bannermanasprimeminister,inDecember1905,ChurchillbecameUnder-SecretaryofStatefortheColoniesdealingmainlywithSouthAfricaaftertheBoerWar.WhenCampbell-BannermanwassucceededbyHerbertHenryAsquithin1908,ChurchillwaspromotedtotheCabinetasPresidentoftheBoardo
9、fTradeIn1910,hewaspromotedtoHomeSecretaryIn1911,ChurchillwastransferredtotheofficeoftheFirstLordoftheAdmiralty,apostheheldintotheFirstWorldWar.In1915,heresignedfromthegovernment,remaininganMP8 InMarch1916,ChurchillreturnedtoEnglandafterhehadbecomerestlessinFranceandwishedtospeakagainintheHouseofComm
10、ons.InJuly1917,ChurchillwasappointedMinisterofMunitionsIn1919,SecretaryofStateforWarandSecretaryofStateforAir9WinstonChurchill(highlighted)atSidneyStreet,3January1911丘吉尔（圆圈者）在1911年1月3日到现场视察锡得尼街之围 InearlyJanuary1911,ChurchillmadeacontroversialvisittotheSiegeofSidneyStreetinLondon.Thereissomeuncertain
11、tyastowhetherheattemptedtogiveoperationalcommands,andhispresenceattractedmuchcriticism.10First term as prime ministerOn10May1940,hoursbeforetheGermaninvasionofFrancebyalightningadvancethroughtheLowCountries,itbecameclearthat,followingfailureinNorway,thecountryhadnoconfidenceinChamberlainsprosecution
12、ofthewarandsoChamberlainresigned.ThecommonlyacceptedversionofeventsstatesthatLordHalifaxturneddownthepostofprimeministerbecausehebelievedhecouldnotgoverneffectivelyasamemberoftheHouseofLordsinsteadoftheHouseofCommons.AlthoughtheprimeministerdoesnottraditionallyadvisetheKingontheformerssuccessor,Cham
13、berlainwantedsomeonewhowouldcommandthesupportofallthreemajorpartiesintheHouseofCommons.AmeetingbetweenChamberlain,Halifax,ChurchillandDavidMargesson,thegovernmentChiefWhip,ledtotherecommendationofChurchill,and,asaconstitutionalmonarch,GeorgeVIaskedChurchilltobeprimeminister.Churchillsfirstactwastowr
14、itetoChamberlaintothankhimforhissupport.11AftertheConservativePartylostthe1945election,hebecameLeaderoftheOpposition。保守党失去了1945年大选后，他成为反对党领袖。ChurchillatPotsdam,July194512Second term as prime ministerAftertheGeneralElectionof1951,ChurchillagainheldtheofficeofMinisterofDefencebetweenOctober1951andJanu
15、ary1952.HealsobecameprimeministerinOctober1951,andhisthirdgovernmentafterthewartimenationalgovernmentandthebriefcaretakergovernmentof1945lasteduntilhisresignationinApril1955.13HonourshewasthefirstpersontobecomeanHonoraryCitizenoftheUnitedStates.ChurchillreceivedtheNobelPrizeinLiteraturein1953forhisn
16、umerouspublishedworks,especiallyhissix-volumesetThe Second World War.Ina2002BBCpollofthe100GreatestBritons,hewasproclaimedTheGreatestofThemAllbasedonapproximatelyamillionvotesfromBBCviewers.ChurchillwasalsoratedasoneofthemostinfluentialleadersinhistorybyTIME.ChurchillCollege,Cambridgewasfoundedin195
17、8tomemorialisehim.14Honorary degreesUniversityofRochester(LLD)in1941227HarvardUniversityinCambridge,Massachusetts(LLD)in1943McGillUniversityinMontreal,Canada(LLD)in1944WestminsterCollegeinFulton,Missouri5March1946LeidenUniversityinLeiden,Netherlands,honorarydoctoratein1946228UniversityofMiamiinMiami
18、Floridain1947UniversityofCopenhageninCopenhagen,Denmark(PhD)in1950151601 Never,never,never,never give up.永远，永远，永远，永远都不要放弃。02 The whole history of the world is summed up in the fact that,when nations are strong,they are not always just,and when they wish to be just,they are no longer strong.世界历史可以总结
19、为：当一个国家强大的时候，它并不总是公正的。而当它试图去变得公正时，它就不再强大。03 Courage is going from failure to failure without losing enthusiasm.勇气就是不断失败，而不丧失热情。04 This is not the end.It is not even the beginning of the end.But it is,perhaps,the end of the beginning.这不是结束。这甚至不是结束的开始。但，这可能是开始的结束。05 I like a man who grins when he figh
20、ts.我喜欢微笑着战斗的人。06 True genius resides in the capacity for evaluation of uncertain,hazardous,and conflicting information.真正的才华体现在对未知、危险和矛盾的信息的判断之中。07 Courage is what it takes to stand up and speak;courage is also what it takes to sit down and listen.站起来说话需要勇气。坐下倾听同样需要。08 Study history,study history.In
21、 history lies all the secrets of statecraft.学习历史，学习历史。历史中有一切治国之道。1709 Success is going from failure to failure without losing enthusiasm.成功就是不断失败，而不丧失热情。10 We shall draw from the heart of suffering itself the means of inspiration and survival.我们应从遭受苦难的心中获得呼吸、生存的方法。11 Attitude is a little thing that
22、makes a big difference.态度是小事，但能造成很大区别。12 We make a living by what we get,but we make a life by what we give.我们靠获得的东西生存。但我们靠给予的东西生活。13 A pessimist sees the difficulty in every opportunity;an optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty.悲观主义者从每个机遇中看到困难，乐观主义者从每个困难中看到机遇。14 Nothing is more costly,nothing is more sterile,than vengeance没有比复仇更昂贵、更没用的事情了。15 If you mean to profit,learn to please.如果你想挣钱，学会高兴。16 It is no use saying,We are doing our best.You have got to succeed in doing what is necessary.说“我们尽力了”，没有用。你要在必须做的事情上成功。18192021ThankyouThankyou 22
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