1、Chinese Seal1HistorySeal is a comparatively independenttraditionalart form in our country.Itwas born out of the combination ofpainting techniques,calligraphy,carvingandtheartofarrangementinalimitedspace.Theartdatesbackabout3,700 years to the Shang Dynasty.DuringHanDynasty,onlytheimperialseal was cal
2、led“xi”,and the otherswere often referred to as“zhang”or“yinzhang”.Thatswhysealarecalled“yinzhang”inChina.2Types1.官印和私印2.公章和私章3.姓名字号印,斋馆印,书简印,收藏鉴赏印,吉语印,成语印,肖形印，署押印4.白文印、朱文印、朱白相间印、回文印5.铸印、凿印、琢印、喷印、光敏印6.金印、玉印、银印、铜印、铁印、象牙印、犀角印、水晶印、石印等，今人尚有木质印、塑料印、有机玻璃印等7.一面印、二面印、六面印、子母印、套印3光敏印章光敏印章Modern common seal回墨印
3、章回墨印章红胶印章胶印章渗透印章渗透印章牛角印章牛角印章铜印章印章原子印章原子印章日期印章日期印章钢印章印章回墨回墨铜印章印章4StructureFace（正面）Grip(握柄)Sides(侧面)Platform(平台)Sash(饰带）5BeforetheSongandYuanDynastiesmostofmakingsealwithahardtextureofgold,silver,copper,jade（玉）orwaterproducts,rhinohorn（犀牛角）,ivory（象牙）,bamboo,woodandothermaterials.UptotheYuanDynasty,Wan
4、gMian（王冕）begantotrytomakeOphicalcite(花乳石)upseals.TotheMingDynasty,moreandmorestonesealsarewidelyused.Materials6UseAt the beginning,seals were used tocreateprotectivemarksonlettersandlargeitemsbeingsenttotheothers.So,itwasarepresentationofapersonsself-identityandstatus.Probably from the Song and Yuan
5、dynasties,artistsbegantostamptheirsealsontheirworks.Nowadays,seals are still widelyused,andtheartofsealengravinghasbecomemorepopularthaneverbefore.7Function（ancient）1.markpowerthatoffice,status.（当权者表明官职、地位的标志）2.ThecirculationofgoodsandGuanYitaxcertificate.（货物流通和关邑赋税的凭证）3.Officialstatussymbol.Portabl
6、e,as“Zhixin,”officialdepartureordeath,choptocollection,afterdeathcanbecopied.（官员身份的象征。随身携带，作为“执信”，官员离任或亡故，官印要收缴，死后可复制殉葬）8Function（modern）1.“yinand“zhangisasymbolofauthority,representingacertainfunctionandpower.(“印”和“章”便是权威的象征，代表着一定的职能和权力)2.Sealhasastatutoryroleofthecertificate,thesealisalegalact.(印章具有法定的凭证作用，加盖印章是一种法律行为。)3.Whenwecarryingoutthework,thesealwillclearlyindicateitslegalstatus.(在开展工作过程中，印章便明确地表明了其合法身份。)910
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