1、No.NameClassical Chinese Gardens中国古典园林Contents1 the History of Classical Chinese Gardens2 the Classification of Classical Chinese Gardens3 Chinese Garden Design1 the History of Classical Chinese GardensShangZhouQinHanWeiJinSuiTangSongYuanRising Period生成期生成期Transferring period转折期转折期Heyday Period 全盛期全
2、盛期MingQingMature Period成熟期成熟期Mature late Period成熟后期成熟后期DynastiesStages of Development ShangandZhouDynasties.Name:You(囿)lit.huntingpark”-thehuntinggroundforemperorsandnobleswithoutanyartificialcultivation.-coarse,primitive,bigandnatural.Features:纣为鹿台鹿台，七年而成，其大三里，高千尺临望云雨 新序刺奢 “王在灵囿灵囿，鹿鹿攸伏。鹿鹿濯濯，白鸟篙篙。王在
3、灵沼灵沼，於轫鱼跃。”诗经大雅 QinandHanDynastiesavillawheretheemperorscanhavearestanddealwiththeaffairsofthestate.e.g.ShanglinGarden(上林苑)WeiyangPalace(未央宫)ChanglePalace(长乐宫)Name:Yuan(苑)lit.imperialpark”Feature:姑苏台蓬莱山蓬莱山方丈山方丈山瀛洲山瀛洲山LayoutoftheJianzhangPalace(建章宫）inShanglinGardenthelayoutof“one pond and three mount
4、ains”(一池三山)FromtheperiodoftheWeiandJintotheperiodofSouthernandNorthernDynastiesBackground:Chinaexperiencedaperiodofcontinuouswarsandconflicts.Manyofthescholar-officials（士大夫）werebitterlydisappointedandtriedtoevadethesocietybyfindingaspiritualsustenanceinthenaturalworld.Feature:thegardenwithnaturalmou
5、ntainsandrivers.流觞曲水SuiandTangDynastiesTheeconomywasflourishingandthecivilizationwasprosperous.Thearchitectsalwayshadtheinterestintheintegrationofthegardenintoliteratureandart.Feature:thegardenwithimitating mountainsandriversBackground:大明宫自居易的履道里宅园自居易的履道里宅园TheSongandtheYuanDynastiesThe stage of matu
6、rity 皆台榭亭阁，花木奇石，影映湖山周围胜景，言之难尽。吴自牧梦梁录MingDynastyandQingDynastiesThe peak time of classical gardening-BuildingofImperialGardenswasactivated.E.g.theSummerPalacetheMountainResortinChengde-Thefunctionoflivingwasreinforced.-“gardenofgardens”“园中园”Yuanye(园冶),thefirstmonographdedicatedtogardenarchitectureint
7、heworld,waswrittenbyJiCheng(计成),aMingdynastygardendesigner.BuildingPrinciple:The garden is created by the human hand,but should appear as if created by heaven.“虽由人作，宛自天开”The Craft of Gardens 2 the Classification of Classical Chinese GardensPrivate Gardens(私家园林)Imperial Gardens(皇家园林）OwnedbyancientChi
8、neseemperors.Ownedmainlybythepainters,thepoets,andotherscholars.BeihaiPark;theSummerPalace;theMountainResortinChengdeLandscape Garden(风景名胜园林)E.g.Placesforpublicrecreation.WestLake;DamingLakeE.g.Temple Garden(寺庙园林)Imperial GardensPrivate GardensLandscape GardensTempleGardensHumbleAdministratorsGarden
9、拙政园)LingeringGarden(留园)MasteroftheNetsGarden(网师园)LionGroveGarden(狮子林)PrivateGardens:FamousPrivateGardensinSuzhou:GeyuanGarden(个园)HeyuanGarden(何园)FamousPrivateGardensinYangzhou:3 Chinese Garden Designobstructivescenery;blockingview(抑景或障景)Thegardenbuildersnevershowthebestpartofthegardenattheverybegin
10、ning,buttrytousesomeartisticmethodstoblockthesceneattheentranceofagarden,suchasascreen,arockery,etc.addingtheview（添景）Whenascenicspotisalittlebitfarfromtheviewer,suchasapagoda,orthenaturalhills,kindsofflowers,trees,orotherplantswillbeplantedinthemiddleorneartotheobserversasakindoftransition.vistaline
11、vista（夹景）Adistantvieworprospect,especiallyoneseenthroughanopening,asbetweenrowsofbuildingsortrees.oppositescenery;(对景)viewinanoppositeplaceenframedscenery（框景）Itreferstomainlythedoors,thewindows,theholes,ortheframeformedbytheplantsnaturallywilloftenenframetheviewsafarintoaverybeautifulpicture.leakin
12、gthroughscenery(漏景)Inwallsofthegardenoronesideofthecorridors,thereareoftensomehollowsorwindows,whichareengravedthroughbytraditionalChinesepicturessuchancientfigures,plants,birdsandanimals.Sopeoplewillhaveaviewfromthehollowpartaboutthegarden.latticewindowborrowedscenery;viewborrowing(借景)Borrowedscene
13、ryistheprincipleofincorporatingbackgroundlandscapeintothecompositionofagardenfoundintraditionalChinesegardendesign.“distantborrowing”(远借)e.g.mountains,forests,rivers,fields&lakes“adjacentborrowing”(邻借)e.g.neighboringtrees“upwardborrowing”(仰借)e.g.clouds,moon&stars“downwardborrowing”(俯借)e.g.Thepicturesquesceneofthepagodamirroredinwater.“seasonalborrowing”(应时借)e.g.flowers,rain,snow,sunriseandsunsetThanks！谢谢！
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