1、题目汉诗英译中源文化的遗失类型与补偿策略一以许渊冲的若干译作为例_ONCATEGORIESOFCU1.TURA1.1.OSSESANDCOMPENSATIONSTRATEGIESINTRANS1.ATINGCHINESEPOEMS:WITHXUYUANCHONG,STRANS1.ATIONSASANA1.YTICA1.CASESAcknow1.edgmentsItwasimpossib1.eformetocomp1.eteIhiSthesiswithoutmanypeop1.esinva1.uab1.ehe1.pandunconditiona1.support.Iwou1.d1.iketoex
2、pressmyheartfe1.tg11tit1.ctothem.Mostofa1.1.1amgratefu1.tomysupervisorProf.1.iZhi1.ing.whoguidedmepatient1.yduringtheprocessofthesiswriting,mentsandconstructiveinstructionstohe1.pmefinishthisthesis.Hereadandrevisedmydraftpatient1.yandgavemesuggestionsofgreatva1.ue,whichhe1.eitse1.f.Manyscho1.arstryt
3、ogivepoctrjadefinitionandSamue1.t.Co1.eridgeshome1.ydefinition,isthatpoetryisthebestwordsinthebestOrdCr”(Stephens,1990:105-107).Intheeighties,manyforeignscho1.arshaveadeepinterestinChineseC1.assica1.cu1.turewiththepromotionofChinareformandopeningpo1.icy.Thedeve1.opmentofg1.oba1.izationhadpromotedthe
4、foreignscho1.arstoafresh1.ookatChineseC1.assica1.Cu1.1.urc,andChinesePoCIrygivestheforeignsch1.anagreatimpressionandmanyofthemtytotrans1.atethec1.assica1.Chinesepoet-yandcreatedtrans1.ationwavesin1.iteraturewor1.d.However,Chinesepoetsmakegooduseofa1.1.usionsandfuzzycu1.tura1.imagestoexpresstheiremot
5、ions,thetrans1.ationtheorjinwesterntrans1.ationfie1.dneg1.ectsmanycu1.tura1.e1.ements1.ikethisinChinesecu1.ture,asaresu1.t,thetrans1.ationisc1.osetothetarget1.anguagethat1.eadstotheabsenceofmanycu1.tura1.C1.CmCnISwhichcontaininChinesepoems.Eorinstance,wecanexpress三个臭皮匠,赛过一个诸葛亮“intoEng1.ishas,*Threeh
6、eadsarebe1.terthanone.Foreignerson1.yknowits1.iterarymeaning,buttheydonotknowthewisemannamedZhuGc1.iangandhisgreatachievementsinChinesehistory.2.3 DomesticResearchInChina,manyresearchers,scho1.arsandtrans1.atorsa1.sospenda1.ottimeintrans1.ating,anddevotedtheirenergytotrans1.ationofc1.assica1.Chinese
7、poetry;theytriedtoexp1.orethetrans1.ationtheorysuchasXuYuanchong.YangJiang,andZhuShenghaoandsoon.XuYuanchongisafamousrepresentativeoftheBritishandFrenchrhymetrans1.ation.Heprintedonhisca1.1.ingcardthat:fortybookspub1.ishedandso1.dathomeandabroad,so1.eonetrans1.atingpoetryintoEng1.ishandFrCnCh”（书销中外四
8、十本,诗译英法惟一人）.HCpu1.sforwardthreeprincip1.esforpoemtrans1.ation,theTrip1.eBeautyThcorj,.theTrip1.eTransformationTheory,andtheTrip1.eUnderstandingTheory;hehasa1.somadehugecontributionstothespreadoftheexce1.1.entChinesepoetry.Histheoryhasthetheoretica1.significanceandpractica1.significance.Infact.Chinas
9、trans1.ationtheoriesappeartobesporadicref1.ectionsratherthansystematic.Manytheorieshavebeenputforward,suchasYanfu,strans1.ationtheory,Iai1.h1.u1.ncss.expressivenessande1.egance,thesetheoriesguideUStotrans1.atebetter.Manytrans1.atorsinChinacontributedtheirtimeandenergytoc1.assica1.Chinesepoemtrans1.a
10、tionandmakeaprestigioustheoryinthetrans1.ationfie1.d.3. CategoriesofSourceCu1.turesAbsenceinC1.assica1.ChinesePoetry,Trans1.ation3.1 ReasonsfortheAbsenceofSourceCu1.tureinTrans1.atingThecu1.tura1.1.ossinthisthesisreferstotheomissionofthere1.evantcu1.tura1.backgroundknow1.edgebetweenwritersandreaders
11、Fromthecross-cu1.tura1.PerSPeCIive.theabi1.ityoftrans1.atingc1.assica1.ChinesePOCmSintoEng1.ishhasbeengreat1.yrestrictedduetothetraditiona1.cu1.ture:uniquehistoryandrea1.ityarcdifferentbetweentwodifferentcu1.tures.Absenceofthesourcecu1.turehindersthecu1.tura1.transmission,whichisanimportantprob1.em
12、thatneedstobeso1.vedintrans1.ationfie1.d.Therearcthreereasonswhichmaycausetheabsenceofsourcecu1.ture1havementionedinthisPaper.Thefirstreasonisthatthetrans1.ators1.anguageandcu1.tura1.1.iteracyarenotgoodenoughwhichcausesthe1.ossofcu1.tura1.e1.enwnts.Tmunication.Thetrans1.ators1.anguageproficiencyanda
13、rtisticappreciationhaveanimpactonthecu1.tura1.transmission,thet11ns1.ationcannotbeunderstoodormis1.eadingbyreadersiftrans1.atorshaveapoorunderstandingof1.anguage.Forinstance,thesimp1.econceptsinBuddhism1.ike“无常”,无我hasneverbeenunderstoodwithitst11cmeaningfortheEng1.ishversion,buttrans1.atetheseconcep
14、tsinaccordancewiththewiththewesternideo1.ogy.Second1.y,itistheabsencecausedby1.ibera1.trans1.ation.T1.ie1.ibera1.trans1.ationreferstothetrans1.ating1.anguagewhichon1.yCarCaboutthemeaningofthewordsinpoem,butneg1.ectiheformanddetai1.ofthesourcecu1.tureinChinesepoem.1.ibera1.trans1.ationpays1.essattent
15、iontotheorigina1.formsuchasthemetaphorandotherrhetorica1.devices.A1.though1.ibera1.trans1.ationcanmakethetrans1.ationsthandnatura1.,asaconsequence,thetrans1.atedpoemswi1.1.1.oseitscu1.tura1.connotations,vividimagesandbeautiesinsoundandform.Asmentionedinthe1.iteraturereview.“三个臭皮匠，赛过诸葛亮“，wetrans1.ate
16、itintoChineseasThreeheadsarcbetterthanone,.ButthereadersdonotknowthatZhuGe1.iangwasawisemaninChineshistory,andChouPijiangon1.yrefersiothreeordinarymen,twocu1.tura1.e1.ementsare1.ostinthistrans1.ation.Fina1.1.y,the1.osscausedbydomestication.Domesticationreferstothetrans1.atorusethetarget1.anguagetota
17、kep1.acethestar1.ing1.anguagedircc1.1.y.Domesticationcanmakethereaderknowthemeaningofthepoemsc1.ear1.y,butitb1.ind1.ydomesticateintrans1.ationisboundoweakenthecharmofsourcecu1.ture,whichignorestheaimofCU1.IUra1.spreadandexchange.3.2 CategoriesoftheSourceCu1.ture.AbsenceChinese-Eng1.ishtrans1.ationin
18、vo1.ves(wodifferentkindsofcu1.ture.Trans1.aiorshave(otakecu1.tura1.diversityintoconsiderationduringthetrans1.atingprocess.However,ithasagreat1.imitationtotrans1.ateChinesepoemsfromtheEng1.ishversionbecauseofthecu1.tura1.tradition.Theomissionand1.ossofthesourcecu1.turewou1.dcausemisunderstandingandpu
19、zz1.ementtothereaders.Inthispart,wearcgoingtota1.kaboutfourcategoriesoncu1.tura1.1.osses.3.2.1 Absenceof1.anguageFeaturesChinesepoemsoftenuserhetorica1.devices.Chinesefur-charactcr-idiom,fivecharactequatrainandseven-character-quatrainsty1.etoperfectthepoems.ka1.soemphasizesthea1.1.iteration,neatness
20、cadence,ob1.ique(onesandsoon.ThischaracterofChinesepoemsisabigprob1.emfortrans1.atortoexpressitaccurate1.yinEng1.ish.Diffcren1.fromChinesepoems,one1.ineofEng1.ishPoemisdividedintosevera1.fee1.Affectedbythesetac1.ors,i(isa1.1.orea1.izetherhythmandrhymeofe1.inesinPoemSifwecannotcontro1.thesecu1.tura1
21、e1.ementsintheprocessoftrans1.ating.3.2.2 AbSenCeOfSocia1.Cu1.tureIntheprocessoft11ns1.atingChinesepoem.Ihctrans1.atorwou1.domitsomeinformationwhichisse1.f-evidentinbothsidestoimprovecommunicativeefficiency.However,becauseofdiffere111.cu1.tura1.backgroundsandhistory,IhiSabsence,whichaimsatOrdi1.1.a
22、rycommunicationandrhetorica1.effect,causedacomprehensionbaicrtothereader.Therearcmanycu1.tura1.featureswereomitted,anditisdifficu1.tforreaderstounderstandtherea1.spiritoforigina1.cu1.ture.Forexamp1.e,WCcangetsomeinformationfrom(hetrans1.ationofthisSCntCnCc.衙门自古朝南开，有理无钱莫进来.Courtdoorsmayopen,butnottot
23、hepoor.*,Itisobviousthatthetrans1.atoruses1.ibera1.trans1.ationwhichon1.yconveysthe1.itera1.meaningbutignoresChinesesocia1.cu1.ture.InChina,thebui1.dingsareusua1.1.yare1.ocatedinthefaceofsouthbecauseofthegeographic1.ocation,andtheemperorisseatedinthefaceofsoutht.Southisthesymbo1.ofpowerandg1.orinanc
24、ienttimes.Forinstance,wetrans1.atetheChineseWords“从南到北intoGomnorthtosouth.Thesamethinghassymbo1.izeddifferentmeaningsindifferentcu1.tures,anditmissesmanyspiritoforigina1.cu1.tureintrans1.ating.3.2.3 AbsenceofCu1.tura1.ImagesCu1.tura1.imageisnecessaryinc1.assica1.Chinesepoems,anditshowstheChinesechar
25、m,cu1.tura1.connotationandpoetsinneremotiontothereaders.Thekeytotrans1.atePOemistounderstandcu1.turewhichisinc1.udedinthepoem.On1.yafewreaderscanunderstandthetruemeaningthatthePoemisSUPPoSedtoexpressevenifthenativereader.ItCarrieSabigprob1.emintrans1.atingwhenthepoemre1.atedsomecu1.tura1.image.Inawo
26、rd,cu1.tureimagemeansthatthepoetexpresseshisfee1.ingbywritingsomethingwithspecia1.meaning.Comparative1.y,aChinesePOetiSmoreimp1.icitandrestrained,whi1.eaWesternpoetisusua1.1.y1.ogica1.andc1.earin1.anguagefie1.d.Therefore,thedi11erencesbetweentwocu1.tureshaveanimpactonthetrans1.ationofpoems,especia1.
27、1.ythetrans1.ationofcu1.tura1.imageinpoems.TheditYicu1.tiesincu1.tureimagetrans1.ationinpoemsmain1.yinc1.udethefo1.1.owingpoin1.s.Thefirstpointthatthechapterisgoingtodiscussisdifferentcu1.tura1.e1.ements.ManyChinesecu1.tura1.e1.ementsareConnoiaiiveandhaveanextrameaningexceptits1.itera1.meaning,whi1.
28、eWesterncu1.tureemphasizesrationa1.1.ogic.Second,thegrammatica1.structureisdifferentbetweendifferentcu1.tures.Chinesepoetsemphasizemoreonpara-taxis,whi1.eEng1.ishmoreonhypo-taxis,a1.inguisthaseversaid.Chinesescho1.arnotemphasizesthesentencest11positionandgrammarofthesentenceinChinese,especia1.1.yinC
29、hinesepoems.Chinesepoempayattentiontothesenseandformofthesentenceintrans1.ation.Eng1.ishiscontrarytoChinese,theya1.wayscareabouttheSinictiirc,compositionandgrammarofthesentence.Third1.y,itisdifferentbetweenwords.Chineseisgenera1.1.ymoreambiguous,theEng1.ishmeaningisgenera1.1.ymorespecific.Trans1.atorsneed(oUnderSIandboththestructureandcu1.tura1.differencesoftheIwo1.anguages,andIrytOmakethetarget1.anguageintegratetheorigina1.1.anguage,andIrytOfindouttheCOmInOnpointsbetweentwocu1.turesinordertotrans1.atethecu1.tureimageinp
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