1、BSENISO16827:2025Non-destructivetestingUltrasonictesting一Characterizationandsizingofdiscontinuitiesbsi.NationalforewordThisBritishStandardistheUKimplementationofENISO16827:2025.ItisidenticaltoISO16827:2025.ItsupersedesBSENISO16827:2014,whichiswithdrawn.TheUKparticipationinitspreparationwasentrustedt
2、oTechnicalCommitteeWEE/46/3,UltrasonicTesting.Alistoforganizationsrepresentedonthiscommitteecanbeobtainedonrequesttoitscommitteemanager.ContractualandlegalconsiderationsThispublicationhasbeenpreparedingoodfaith,howevernorepresentation,warranty,assuranceorundertaking(expressorimplied)isorwillbemade,a
3、ndnoresponsibilityorliabilityisorwillbeacceptedbyBSIinrelationtotheadequacy,accuracy,completenessorreasonablenessofthispublication.Allandanysuchresponsibilityandliabilityisexpresslydisclaimedtothefullextentpermittedbythelaw.Thispublicationisprovidedasis,andistobeusedattherecipientsownrisk.Therecipie
4、ntisadvisedtoconsiderseekingprofessionalguidancewithrespecttoitsuseofthispublication.Thispublicationisnotintendedtoconstituteacontract.Usersareresponsibleforitscorrectapplication.TheBritishStandardsInstitution2025PublishedbyBSIStandardsLimited2025ISBN9780539270280ICS19.100CompliancewithaBritishStand
5、ardcannotconferimmunityfromlegalobligations.ThisBritishStandardwaspublishedundertheauthorityoftheStandardsPolicyandStrategyCommitteeon30June2025.Amendments/corrigendaissuedsincepublicationDateTextaffectedEUROPEANSTANDARDNORMEEUROPEENNEEuropaischenormBSENISO16827:2025ENISO16827June2025Essaisnondestru
6、ctifs-Controleparultrasons-Caracterisationetdimensionnementdesdiscontinuites(ISO16827:2025)ZerstorungsfreiePriifung-Ultraschallprufung-BeschreibungundGroEenbestimmungvonInhomogenitaten(ISO16827:2025)ICS19.100SupersedesENISO16827:2014EnglishVersionNon-destructivetesting-Ultrasonictesting-Characteriza
7、tionandsizingofdiscontinuitiesISO16827:2025ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon7June2025.CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEuropeanStandardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Up-to-datelistsandbibliographicalreferenc
8、esconcerningsuchnationalstandardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheCEN-CENELECManagementCentreortoanyCENmember.ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).AversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytranslationundertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheCEN-CENE
9、LECManagementCentrehasthesamestatusastheofficialversions.CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,Bulgaria,Croatia,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal,Rep
10、ublicofNorthMacedonia,Romania,Serbia,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,Switzerland,TiirkiyeandUnitedKingdom.富EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATIONCOMITEEUROPEENDENORMALISATIONEuropaischeskomiteefurnormungCEN-CENELECManagementCentre:RuedelaScience23,B-1040Brussels2025CENAllrightsofexploitationinanyformand
11、byanymeansreservedRef.No.ENISO16827:2025EworldwideforCENnationalMembers.EuropeanforewordThisdocument(ENISO16827:2025)hasbeenpreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC135NondestructivetestingincollaborationwithTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC13811Non-destructivetesting”thesecretariatofwhichisheldbyAFNOR.ThisEuropean
12、Standardshallbegiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherbypublicationofanidenticaltextorbyendorsement,atthelatestbyDecember2025,andconflictingnationalstandardsshallbewithdrawnatthelatestbyDecember2025.Attentionisdrawntothepossibilitythatsomeoftheelementsofthisdocumentmaybethesubjectofpatentrights.CEN
13、shallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights.ThisdocumentsupersedesENISO16827:2014.Anyfeedbackandquestionsonthisdocumentshouldbedirectedtotheusersnationalstandardsbody/nationalcommittee.AcompletelistingofthesebodiescanbefoundontheCENwebsite.AccordingtotheCEN-CENELECInternalRegulat
14、ions,thenationalstandardsorganizationsofthefollowingcountriesareboundtoimplementthisEuropeanStandard:Austria,Belgium,Bulgaria,Croatia,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal,
15、RepublicofNorthMacedonia,Romania,Serbia,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,Switzerland,TiirkiyeandtheUnitedKingdom.EndorsementnoticeThetextofISO16827:2025hasbeenapprovedbyCENasENISO16827:2025withoutanymodification.ContentsPageForewordivIntroductionv1 Scope12 Normativereferences13 Termsanddefinitions14 P
16、rinciplesofcharacterizationofdiscontinuities14.1 General14.2 Requirementsforsurfacecondition25 Pulse-echotechniques25.1 General25.2 Locationofdiscontinuity25.3 Orientationofdiscontinuity35.4 Assessmentofmultipleindications35.5 Shapeofdiscontinuity45.5.1 Simpleclassification45.5.2 Detailedclassificat
17、ion45.6 Maximumechoheightofindication55.7 Sizeofdiscontinuity55.7.1 General55.7.2 Maximumechoheighttechniques55.7.3 Probemovementsizingtechniques65.7.4 Selectionofsizingtechniques75.7.5 Sizingtechniqueswithfocusingprobes85.7.6 Useofmathematicalalgorithmsforsizing85.7.7 Specialsizingtechniques86 Thro
18、ugh-transmissiontechnique96.1 General96.2 Locationofdiscontinuity96.3 Evaluationofmultiplediscontinuities96.4 Reductionofsignalamplitude106.5 Sizeofdiscontinuity10Annex A (normative)Analysisofmultipleindications12Annex B (normative)Techniquesfortheclassificationofdiscontinuityshape14Annex C (normati
19、ve)Sizingtechniqueusingthemaximumechoheight23Annex D (normative)Sizingtechniquesusingprobemovement25Annex E (informative)Iterativesizingtechnique37AnnexF(informative)Mathematicalalgorithmsfortheestimationoftheactualsizeofadiscontinuity41AnnexG(informative)Examplesofspecialsizingtechniques47Bibliogra
20、phy50ForewordISO(theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization)isaworldwidefederationofnationalstandardsbodies(ISOmemberbodies).TheworkofpreparingInternationalStandardsisnormallycarriedoutthroughISOtechnicalcommittees.Eachmemberbodyinterestedinasubjectforwhichatechnicalcommitteehasbeenestablishedha
21、stherighttoberepresentedonthatcommittee.Internationalorganizations,governmentalandnon-governmentabinliaisonwithISO,alsotakepartinthework.ISOcollaboratescloselywiththeInternationalElectrotechnicalCommission(IEC)onallmattersofelectrotechnicalstandardization.Theproceduresusedtodevelopthisdocumentandtho
22、seintendedforitsfurthermaintenancearedescribedintheISO/IECDirectives,Part1.Inparticular,thedifferentapprovalcriterianeededforthedifferenttypesofISOdocumentshouldbenoted.ThisdocumentwasdraftedinaccordancewiththeeditorialrulesoftheISO/IECDirectives,Part2(seewww.iso.org/directives).ISOdrawsattentiontot
23、hepossibilitythattheimplementationofthisdocumentmayinvolvetheuseof（八）patent(三).ISOtakesnopositionconcerningtheevidence,validityorapplicabilityofanyclaimedpatentrightsinrespectthereof.Asofthedateofpublicationofthisdocument,ISOhadnotreceivednoticeof（八）patent(三)whichmayberequiredtoimplementthisdocument
24、However,implementersarecautionedthatthismaynotrepresentthelatestinformation,whichmaybeobtainedfromthepatentdatabaseavailableatwww.iso.org/patents.ISOshallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights.Anytradenameusedinthisdocumentisinformationgivenfortheconvenienceofusersanddoesnotcons
25、tituteanendorsement.Foranexplanationofthevoluntarynatureofstandards,themeaningofISOspecifictermsandexpressionsrelatedtoconformityassessment,aswellasinformationaboutISOsadherencetotheWorldTradeOrganization(WTo)principlesintheTechnicalBarrierstoTrade(TBT),seeWWW.isoQrgisoforeword.htmLThisdocumentwaspr
26、eparedbyTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC135,Non-destructivetesting,SubcommitteeSC3,Ultrasonictesting,incollaborationwiththeEuropeanCommitteeforStandardization(CEN)TechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC138,Non-destructivetesting,inaccordancewiththeAgreementontechnicalcooperationbetweenISOandCEN(ViennaAgreement).Thissecond
27、editioncancelsandreplacesthefirstedition(ISO16827:2012),whichhasbeentechnicallyrevised.Themainchangesareasfollows:一figureshavebeenupdated;一referenceshavebeenupdated;一informationaddedinthescopethatthetechniquecanalsobeusedwithphasedarray.Anyfeedbackorquestionsonthisdocumentshouldbedirectedtotheusersn
28、ationalstandardsbody.AcompletelistingofthesebodiescanbefoundatWWW.iso.org/membnrshtmLIntroductionThefollowingdocumentsonultrasonictestingarelinked:ISO16810,Non-destructivetestingUltrasonictestingGeneralprinciplesISO16811,NOn-destructivetestingUltrasonictestingSensitivityandrangesettingISO16823,Non-d
29、estructivetestingUltrasonictestingThroughtransmissiontechniqueISoI6826,Non-destructivetestingUltrasonictestingTestingfordiscontinuitiesperpendiculartothesurfaceISO16827,Non-destructivetestingUltrasonictestingCharacterizationandsizingOfdiscontinuitiesISO16828,Non-destructivetestingUltrasonictestingTi
30、me-of-flightdiffractiontechniqueasamethodfordetectionandsizingOfdiscontinuitiesBSENISO16827:2025Non-destructivetestingUltrasonictesting一Characterizationandsizingofdiscontinuities1 ScopeThisdocumentspecifiesthegeneralprinciplesandtechniquesforthecharacterizationandsizingofpreviouslydetecteddiscontinu
31、itiesinordertoensuretheirevaluationagainstapplicableacceptancecriteria.Thisdocumentisapplicable,ingeneralterms,todiscontinuitiesinthosematerialsandapplicationscoveredbyISO16810.Phasedarraytechniquescanalsobeappliedbutadditionalstepsorverificationscanbeneeded.2 NormativereferencesThefollowingdocument
32、sarereferredtointhetextinsuchawaythatsomeoralloftheircontentconstitutesrequirementsofthisdocument.Fordatedreferences,onlytheeditioncitedapplies.Forundatedreferences,thelatesteditionofthereferenceddocument(includinganyamendments)applies.ISO5577,Non-destructivetestingUltrasonictestingVocabularyISO1681
33、0,Non-destructivetestingUltrasonictestingGeneralprinciplesISO168ILNon-destructivetestingUltrasonictestingSensitivityandrangesetting3 TermsanddefinitionsForthepurposesofthisdocument,thetermsanddefinitionsgiveninISO5577apply.ISOandIECmaintainterminologydatabasesforuseinstandardizationatthefollowingadd
34、resses:一ISOOnlinebrowsingplatform:availableathttps:WWW.iso.orgobp一IECElectropedia:availableathttps:WWW.olectropedia.org/4 Principlesofcharacterizationofdiscontinuities4.1 GeneralCharacterizationofadiscontinuityinvolvesthedeterminationofthosefeatureswhicharenecessaryforitsevaluationwithrespecttospeci
35、fiedacceptancecriteria.Characterizationofadiscontinuitycaninclude:a) determinationofbasicultrasonicparameters(echoheight,timeofflight);b) determinationofitsbasicshapeandorientation;c) sizing,whichmaytaketheformofeither:1) thedeterminationofoneormoredimensions(orarea/VoIUme),withinthelimitationsofthe
36、methods;or2) thedeterminationofsomespecifiedparameter,e.g.echoheight,wherethisistakenasrepresentativeofthephysicalsizeofthediscontinuity;d) location,e.g.theproximitytothesurfaceortootherdiscontinuities;e) determinationofanyotherparametersorcharacteristicsthatmaybenecessaryforcompleteevaluation;f) as
37、sessmentofprobablenature,e.g.crackorinclusion,whereadequateknowledgeofthetestobjectanditsmanufacturinghistorymakesthisfeasible.g) TherequirementsofISO16810applyunlessstatedotherwise.WherethetestinaccordancewiththeprinciplesofISO16810yieldssufficientdataonthediscontinuityforitsevaluationagainsttheapp
38、licableacceptancecriteria,nofurthercharacterizationisnecessary.h) Thetechniquesusedforcharacterizationshallbespecifiedinconjunctionwiththeapplicableacceptancecriteria.4.2 Requirementsforsurfaceconditiona) Thesurfacefinishandprofileshallbesuchthatitpermitssizingofdiscontinuitieswiththedesiredaccuracy
39、Ingeneral,thesmootherandflatterthesurfacethemoreaccuratetheresultswillbe.Formostpracticalpurposesasurfacefinishof/?=6,3mformachinedsurfacesand12,5mforshot-blastedsurfacesarerecommended.NOTEDeterminationofthesurfaceroughnessisoutofthescopeofthisdocument.b) Thegapbetweentheprobeandthesurfaceshallnote
40、xceed0,5mm.c) Theabovesurfacerequirementsshallnormallybelimitedtothoseareasfromwhichsizingistobecarriedoutas,ingeneral,theyareunnecessaryfordiscontinuitydetection.d) Themethodofsurfacepreparationshallnotproduceasurfacethatgivesrisetoahighlevelofnoise.5 Pulse-echotechniques5.1 GeneralTheprincipalultr
41、asoniccharacteristics/parametersofadiscontinuitythataremostcommonlyusedforevaluationbythepulse-echotechniquesaredescribedinS2to5J_inclusive.Thecharacteristics/parameterstobedeterminedshallbedefinedintheapplicablestandardoranyrelevantcontractualdocument,andshallmeettherequirementsonthecharacterizatio
42、nofdiscontinuitiesgiveninISO16810.5.2 LocationofdiscontinuityThelocationofadiscontinuityisdefinedasitspositionwithinatestobjectwithrespecttoanagreedsystemofreferenceco-ordinates.a) Itshallbedeterminedinrelationtooneormoredatumpointsandwithreferencetotheindexpointandbeamangleoftheprobe,andmeasurement
43、oftheprobepositionandsoundpathlengthatwhichthemaximumechoheightisobserved.b) Dependingonthegeometryofthetestobjectandthetypeofdiscontinuity,itmaybenecessarytoconfirmthelocationofthediscontinuityfromanotherdirection,orwithanotherbeamangle,toensurethattheechoisnotcausede.g.byawavemodeconversionatageom
44、etricalfeatureofthetestobject.5.3 OrientationofdiscontinuityTheorientationofadiscontinuityisdefinedasthedirectionorplanealongwhichthediscontinuityhasitsmajoraxis(axes)withrespecttoadatumreferenceonthetestobject.a) Theorientationcanbedeterminedbyageometricalreconstructionanalogoustothatdescribedforlo
45、cation,withthedifferencethatmorebeamanglesand/orscanningdirectionsaregenerallynecessarythanforasimplelocation.b) Theorientationmayalsobedeterminedfromobservationofthescanningdirectionatwhichthemaximumechoheightisobtained.c) Inseveralapplications,theprecisedeterminationofthediscontinuityorientationin
46、spaceisnotrequired,onlythedeterminationoftheprojectionofthediscontinuityontooneormorespecifiedplanesand/orsectionswithinthetestobject.5.4 AssessmentofmultipleindicationsThemethodfordistinguishingbetweensingleandmultiplediscontinuitiesmaybebasedoneitherqualitativeassessmentorquantitativecriteria.a) T
47、hequalitativedeterminationconsistsofascertaining,throughtheobservationofthevariationsoftheultrasonicindications,whetherornotsuchindicationscorrespondtooneormoreseparatediscontinuities.FigUre1showstypicalexamplesofsignalsfromgroupeddiscontinuitiesinaforgingorcasting.b) Whereacceptancecriteriaareexpre
48、ssedintermsofmaximumallowabledimensions,preliminaryquantitativedeterminationsshallbemadeinordertodeterminewhetherseparatediscontinuitiesaretobeevaluatedindividuallyorcollectivelyaccordingtopre-establishedrulesgoverningtheevaluationofthegroup.c) Suchrulesmaybebasedontheconcentrationofindividualdiscontinuitieswithinthegroup,expressedintermsofthetotaloftheirlengths,areasorvolumesinrelationtotheoveralllength,areaorvolumeofthegroup.Alternatively,therulesmaysp
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