1、IECSRD63417Edition1.02025-06SYSTEMSREFERENCEDELIVERABLEGuidanceandplantodevelopsmartenergyontologies(U)9040ezwe9ClBS。山_ICS29.020ISBN978-2-8327-0488-2THISPUBLICATIONISCOPYRIGHTPROTECTEDCopyright2025IEC,Geneva5SwitzerlandAllrightsreserved.Unlessotherwisespecified,nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced
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3、eaddressbeloworyourlocalIECmemberNationalCommitteeforfurtherinformation.IECSecretariatTel.:+412291902113,ruedeVarembeinfoiec.chwww.iec.chCH-1211Geneva20SwitzerlandAbouttheIECTheInternationalElectrotechnicalCommission(IEC)istheleadingglobalorganizationthatpreparesandpublishesInternationalStandardsfor
4、allelectrical,electronicandrelatedtechnologies.AboutIECpublicationsThetechnicalcontentofIECpublicationsiskeptunderconstantreviewbytheIEC.Pleasemakesurethatyouhavethelatestedition,acorrigendumoranamendmentmighthavebeenpublished.IECpublicationssearch-webstore.iec.ch/advsearchformTheadvancedsearchenabl
5、estofindIECpublicationsbyavarietyofcriteria(referencenumber,text,technicalcommittee,.).Italsogivesinformationonprojects,replacedandwithdrawnpublications.IECJustPublished-webstore.iec.ch/justpublishedStayuptodateonallnewIECpublications.JustPublisheddetailsallnewpublicationsreleased.Availableonlineand
6、onceamonthbyemail.IECCustomerServiceCentre-webstore.iec.ch/cscIfyouwishtogiveusyourfeedbackonthispublicationorneedfurtherassistance,pleasecontacttheCustomerServiceCentre:salesiec.ch.IECProducts&ServicesPortal-products.iec.chDiscoverourpowerfulsearchengineandreadfreelyallthepublicationspreviews,graph
7、icalsymbolsandtheglossary.Withasubscriptionyouwillalwayshaveaccesstouptodatecontenttailoredtoyourneeds.Electropedia-www.electropedia.orgTheworldsleadingonlinedictionaryonelectrotechnology,containingmorethan22500terminologicalentriesinEnglishandFrench,withequivalenttermsin25additionallanguages.Alsokn
8、ownastheInternationalElectrotechnicalVocabulary(IEV)online.Warning!Makesurethatyouobtainedthispublicationfromanauthorizeddistributor.CONTENTSFOREWORD4INTRODUCTION61 Scope82 Normativereferences83 Termsanddefinitions84 Stateofartonexistingontologiesandtheirstructureandarchitecture94.1 General94.2 Keyc
9、onceptsonsemanticinteroperabilityandontologies114.2.1 Definitionandkeyconceptsinontologies114.2.2 Definitionandkeyconceptsinsemanticinteroperability124.2.3 Structureofanontology144.2.4 Ontology-basedreasoning154.3 Languagesusedwithinontology164.3.1 General164.3.2 RDF/RDFS164.3.3 OWLRDFS-PIs164.3.4 S
10、HACL174.3.5 SPARQL174.3.6 XKOS174.3.7 SKOS-reference174.3.8 DCAT174.3.9 TheReifiedRequirementsOntology174.3.10 Schema.org184.3.11 Articulationoflanguagesinsemanticthroughthesemanticweblayercake194.4 Landscapeofongoingontologyworkinsmartenergydomain194.4.1 General194.4.2 SAREF4ENER204.4.3 IECCommonIn
11、formationModel(CIM)234.4.4 MicrosoftEnergyGridOntologyforDigitalTwins234.4.5 IECInterfaceReferenceModel(IRM)244.4.6 Smartenergydomainontology(SARGON)254.4.7 SEPAsSmartGridOntology264.4.8 Interconnectontologies274.5 Relevantworkonontologiesincross-domainswithsmartenergy284.5.1 LOV4loT-EnergyOntologyC
12、atalog284.5.2 OpenADR294.5.3 QUDT294.5.4 GeoSPARQL294.5.5 W3CSSN304.5.6 TheOrganizationOntology304.5.7 BRIDGE304.6 Smartenergydatamodelskeyforsemanticinteroperability314.6.1 IECCommonDataDictionary(CDD)314.6.2 IEC61850324.6.3 DLMS/COSEM334.6.4 Matter344.6.5 KNX354.7 Graphicalrepresentationandvisuali
13、zationofontologies374.8 Futuretrends375 Smartenergycross-domainusecasesinvolvingontology385.1 CommonGridmodel,ENTSO-E-CGMES385.1.1 Usecasesdescription385.1.2 Useoftheontology385.1.3 Benefittoimplementit395.2 Illustrationonenergymanagementinbuildings395.2.1 Usecasesdescription395.2.2 Useoftheontology
14、395.2.3 Benefittoimplementit405.3 Illustrationinelectromobility405.3.1 Usecasesdescription405.3.2 Useoftheontology415.3.3 Benefitofimplementingit425.4 Interconnect425.4.1 Usecasesdescription425.4.2 Useoftheontology435.4.3 Benefitofimplementingit446 Proposalforasmartenergyontologyframework446.1 Smart
15、energyontologyframework446.1.1 General446.1.2 Requirements456.1.3 Processesonvalidationorevaluationofanontology466.1.4 Governancerequirements466.2 Guidanceandbestpracticestobuildsuchaframework476.2.1 General476.2.2 Ontologicalrequirementsspecification486.2.3 Ontologyimplementation496.2.4 Ontologypub
16、lication496.2.5 Ontologymaintenance497 ConclusionandrecommendationforstandardizationworkonsmartenergyontologyintheIEC49Bibliography51Figure 1 -Fourlayersofinteroperability13Figure 2 -Linksbetweeninteroperabilitylayers14Figure 3 -Ontologylanguageslayercake16Figure 4 -RROillustrationofarequirement18Fi
17、gure 5 -Semanticweblayercake19Figure 6 -Smartenergymaindatamodelsandrelatedontologies20Figure 7 -OverviewoftheSAREFontology21Figure 8 -OverviewoftheSAREF4ENERontology22Figure 9 -IECstandardizedInterfaceReferenceModel24Figure 10 -Smartenergydomainontology(SARGON)networkstructure26Figure 11 -SEPAproje
18、ctontologyoverview27Figure 12 -OntologyCatalogforEnergy28Figure 13 -GeoSPARQLvocabulary29Figure 14 -EuropeanenergydataexchangereferencearchitectureDERA3.031Figure 15 -DLMSmaindatamodels34Figure 16 -HBESelements36Figure 17 -MainKIMsource36Figure 18 -MainKIMontologyclasses37Figure 19 -CIM-CGMESusageil
19、lustration38Figure 20 -Energyinbuildingsscenariowithsemanticinteroperabilityproblems39Figure 21 -SemanticinteroperabilityproblemssolvedwithoutusingSENontology40Figure 22 -SemanticinteroperabilityproblemssolvedusingSEN40Figure 23 -Electromobilityscenariowithsemanticinteroperabilityproblems41Figure 24
20、 -SemanticinteroperabilityproblemssolvedwithoutusingSEN41Figure 25 -SemanticinteroperabilityproblemssolvedusingSEN42Figure 26 -InterconnectontologiesextendingSAREFontologies43Figure 27 -SubsetoftheSAREF-compliantsensordictionaryappliedtoenergy44Figure 28 -LOTBasemethodologyworkflow48Figure 29 -FIEST
21、AIoTontologyfederation50Table1-Ontologybestpractices:checklistsummary46INTERNATIONALELECTROTECHNICALCOMMISSIONGuidanceandplantodevelopsmartenergyontologiesFOREWORD1) TheInternationalElectrotechnicalCommission(IEC)isaworldwideorganizationforstandardizationcomprisingallnationalelectrotechnicalcommitte
22、es(IECNationalCommittees).TheobjectofIECistopromoteinternationalco-operationonallquestionsconcerningstandardizationintheelectricalandelectronicfields.Tothisendandinadditiontootheractivities,IECpublishesInternationalStandards,TechnicalSpecifications,TechnicalReports,PubliclyAvailableSpecifications(PA
23、S)andGuides(hereafterreferredtoasIECPubIication(三).Theirpreparationisentrustedtotechnicalcommittees;anyIECNationalCommitteeinterestedinthesubjectdealtwithmayparticipateinthispreparatorywork.International,governmentalandnon-governmentalorganizationsliaisingwiththeIECalsoparticipateinthispreparation.I
24、ECcollaboratescloselywiththeInternationalOrganizationforStandardization(ISO)inaccordancewithconditionsdeterminedbyagreementbetweenthetwoorganizations.2) TheformaldecisionsoragreementsofIEContechnicalmattersexpress,asnearlyaspossible,aninternationalconsensusofopinionontherelevantsubjectssinceeachtech
25、nicalcommitteehasrepresentationfromallinterestedIECNationalCommittees.3) IECPublicationshavetheformofrecommendationsforinternationaluseandareacceptedbyIECNationalCommitteesinthatsense.WhileallreasonableeffortsaremadetoensurethatthetechnicalcontentofIECPublicationsisaccurate,IECcannotbeheldresponsibl
26、eforthewayinwhichtheyareusedorforanymisinterpretationbyanyenduser.4) Inordertopromoteinternationaluniformity,IECNationalCommitteesundertaketoapplyIECPublicationstransparentlytothemaximumextentpossibleintheirnationalandregionalpublications.AnydivergencebetweenanyIECPublicationandthecorrespondingnatio
27、nalorregionalpublicationshallbeclearlyindicatedinthelatter.5) IECitselfdoesnotprovideanyattestationofconformity.Independentcertificationbodiesprovideconformityassessmentservicesand,insomeareas,accesstoIECmarksofconformity.IECisnotresponsibleforanyservicescarriedoutbyindependentcertificationbodies.6)
28、 Allusersshouldensurethattheyhavethelatesteditionofthispublication.7) NoliabilityshallattachtoIECoritsdirectors,employees,servantsoragentsincludingindividualexpertsandmembersofitstechnicalcommitteesandIECNationalCommitteesforanypersonalinjury,propertydamageorotherdamageofanynaturewhatsoever,whetherd
29、irectorindirect,orforcosts(includinglegalfees)andexpensesarisingoutofthepublication,useof,orrelianceupon,thisIECPublicationoranyotherIECPublications.8) AttentionisdrawntotheNormativereferencescitedinthispublication.Useofthereferencedpublicationsisindispensableforthecorrectapplicationofthispublicatio
30、n.9) IECdrawsattentiontothepossibilitythattheimplementationofthisdocumentmayinvolvetheuseof（八）patent(三).IECtakesnopositionconcerningtheevidence,validityorapplicabilityofanyclaimedpatentrightsinrespectthereof.Asofthedateofpublicationofthisdocument,IEChadnotreceivednoticeof（八）patent(三)jwhichmayberequi
31、redtoimplementthisdocument.However,Implementersarecautionedthatthismaynotrepresentthelatestinformation,whichmaybeobtainedfromthepatentdatabaseavailableathttps:/patents.iec.ch.IECshallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights.IEC63417hasbeenpreparedbyIECsystemscommitteeSmartEnergy.It
32、isaSystemsReferenceDeliverable(SRD).ThetextofthisSystemsReferenceDeliverableisbasedonthefollowingdocuments:DraftReportonvotingSyCSmartEergy289DTSSyCSmartEnergy295RVDTSFullinformationonthevotingforitsapprovalcanbefoundinthereportonvotingindicatedintheabovetable.ThelanguageusedforthedevelopmentofthisS
33、ystemsReferenceDeliverableisEnglish.ThisdocumentwasdraftedinaccordancewithISO/IECDirectives,Part2,anddevelopedinaccordancewithISO/IECDirectives,Part1andISO/IECDirectives,IECSupplement5availableatwww.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs.ThemaindocumenttypesdevelopedbyIECaredescribedingreaterdetailatwww.iec
34、ch/publications.ThecommitteehasdecidedthatthecontentsofthisdocumentwillremainunchangeduntilthestabilitydateindicatedontheIECwebsiteunderwebstore.iec.chinthedatarelatedtothespecificdocument.Atthisdate,thedocumentwillbe reconfirmed, withdrawn,or revised.INTRODUCTIONThesmartenergyandsmartgriddomainsha
35、veundergonetremendouschangeasaresultofdifferentworkonenergygrids,markets,andservicesmodelizationanddataexchanges.Informationandknowledgeonthisdomainarenowsharedinbroad,publicandstandardizedmodels.Asaresult,thechallengeofknowledgerepresentationandsharingisevenmoreprominent.Anyusersuchassoftwareagents
36、intelligentdevices,artificialintelligence,edgecomputingcapabilitiesorpeople,isliabletouse,create,andexchangeinformationinlarge-scaleecosystemswithavarietydatamodels,exchangeprotocolsandinformationmodellingstandards.Toaddressthischallenge,thesmartenergycommunityislookingintolanguagesandframeworksfor
37、ensuringinteroperabilityattheknowledgelevelbetweenseveralecosystemsofusers.Thesemanticwebanditsrecenttechnologicaladvancementforcharacterizingandpreservingknowledgeonthewebasanarchitectureofcomputer-interpretablestructuredinformationisaninspirationtodoso.Semanticwebtechnologyisusedtocreateknowledged
38、omainsandgeneratesmeaningfromahierarchyofdataclassification.Itisanexpansionofthecurrentwebinwhichknowledgeisgivenaclearandunambiguousmeaningviaontologies.Becausetheygivestructuredvocabulariesaformalspecificationofsharedconcepts,ontologiesarecrucialforachievinginteroperabilityinlargedomainssuchassmar
39、tenergyinvolvingseveralecosystemsworkingondifferentstandardsanddatamodelsforexchanginginformation.Ontologieshelptosolvetheissuescausedbysemanticheterogeneitybyofferingacommonunderstandingofaparticularareaofinterest.However5matchingontologiescontinuetobethebiggestobstacletodataintegrationandinteroper
40、ability.Ontologiescanbeusedtoaddressinteroperabilityproblemsattheapplicationlevel;asaresult,ontologieshavebeenutilizedtoexpressthecapabilitiesoftheservices.Ontologies5whichspecifythesemanticsofthesymbolicrepresentationsemployedincommunication,similarlyenhanceuserinteraction.Asubstantialemphasisispla
41、cedontheworkandtechnologydevelopmentinsemanticwebIanguages5sensorsandcomputing,graphs,andmodels,andlinkingandintegrationapproaches.TheInternetofThings5semanticwebservices,ontologymapping,buildinginformationmodelling,bioinformatics,education,ande-learning,andsemanticweblanguagesarethemaindomainsofdev
42、elopmentofthesemanticwebandinteroperabilityfield.Smartenergybusinessesfunctioninginamore-and-moredigitalenvironmenttodayneedmoreautomation,interoperability,anddatagovernanceintheirday-to-dayoperations.Whilethesemanticwebandinteroperabilityresearchhaveattractedalotofinterestandmademajorimprovements,t
43、herearefewworksavailablethataddressthoseconceptsforthewholesmartenergydomain.Thisdocumentsgoalistoexaminethisknowledgegapbyreviewingandanalysingtheexistingontologyandsemanticinteroperabilityworkinthedomainandproposeaframeworkandbestpracticeforfuturestandardizationworkinthedomain.Sonumerousontologies
44、arebeingdevelopedtoprovidesemanticinteroperabilitysolutionstomanydomains.FromdomesticIoTtoindustry,chemistry,biotechnologiesormedicalsector,manydomainsareworkingtoensuresemanticinteroperabilityoftheknowledgeanddatatheyaccumulate.Theseworkscanreachverydifferentdegreesofmaturity,fromresearchthesiswork
45、stotheimplementationofindustrialservicesbasedonsemanticinteroperabilitybetweendatamodelsenabledbyanontology.Thesmartenergydomainisnotleftbehindwhenitcomestotheseworks.Therehavebeenmanystudiesamongsemanticinteroperabilityinpowergridandenergyontologyanddifferentontologieshavebeendevelopedtoimproveener
46、gydatainteroperability.Choosingareferenceontologywhichmeetstherequirementandcoversthelargedomainsinsmartenergysystemsisabigchallengeasnotallontologiesrepresentthesameenergydatadomainsandatthesamelevelofdatadetails.Thisheterogeneityresultsininteroperabilityissuesinimplementationoftheseontologies.Oneo
47、ftheseveralchallengestobuildaunifiedontologyforthesmartenergydomainistoidentifysemanticallyequivalentobjectsinalreadyexistingontologiesofthedomain.Therefore,thedeterminationofamethodofunificationOrfacilitatingthenecessaryinteroperabilityforsmartenergyiskeytogoonestepbeyondthemajorinnovationsandimpro
48、vementsachievedinthepastdecade.Theapproachproposedinthisdocumentistobuildaframeworkfortheselection,evaluationandanalysisofpre-existingontologiesthatarewhollyorpartiallyapplicabletothesmartenergydomain,thusfacilitatingtheidentificationofafederationofreferenceontologiesthatcanbeusedinthisdomain.Thisframeworkallowstoidentifyoverlapsandgapsnotcoveredbytheseont
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