1、ISOTechnicalSpecificationISOTS14076Firstedition2025-06Environmentalmanagement一Environmentaltechno-economicassessmentPrinciples,requirementsandguidanceManagementenvironnementalEvaluationtechnico-economiqueenvironnementalePrincipes,exigencesetrecommandationsReferencenumberISO/TS14076:2025(en)ISO2025CO
2、PYRIGHTPROTECTEDDOCUMENTISO2025Allrightsreserved.Unlessotherwisespecified,orrequiredinthecontextofitsimplementation,nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedorutilizedotherwiseinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,orpostingontheinternetoranintranet,withoutpriorwrittenpermis
3、sion.PermissioncanberequestedfromeitherISOattheaddressbeloworISO,smemberbodyinthecountryoftherequester.ISOcopyrightofficeCP401Ch.deBlandonnet8CH-1214Vernier,GenevaPhone:+41227490111Email:copyrightiso.orgWebsite:www.iso.orgPublishedinSwitzerlandContentsForeword1Scope2Normativereferences3Termsanddefin
4、itions4 PrinciplesofeTEAs4.1 General4.2 Twofocuses,twoperspectives4.3 Basisofproduction,functionalunitandreferenceflows.4.4 Iterativeapproach4.5 Transparency4.6 Comprehensiveness4.7 Priorityofscientificandeconomicapproach5 GeneraldescriptionofaneTEA5.1 FrameworkforTEA5.1.1 General5.1.2 PhasesofTEA5.
5、1.3 PhasesofLCA5.2 KeyfeaturesofaneTEA5.3 Generalconceptsoftechno-economicandenvironmentalboundariesPage11133333344444.55.5,5MethodologicalframeworkofaneTEA.6.1 Generalrequirements6.2 Goalandscopedefinition6.2.2 Goaldefinition6.36.2.3 Scopedefinition.Technicalanalysis6.3.1 General6.46.3.2 Collecting
6、data6.3.3 Computingmetrics.Economicanalysis6.4.1General.6.4.26.4.36.4.4DefiningparametersComputingmetricsIncorporatingeconomicinfluencesoutsidetheprocesssystemboundary6.56.66.7LifecycleassessmentSensitivityanalysiseTEAinterpretation:PerforminganalysesthatcombineTEAwithLCA.6.7.1General6.7.2 Baselines
7、ofcomparison6.7.3 MetricsandanalysesasdefinedinISOdocumentsDocumentationrequirements7.17.27.3Generalrequirements,BestpracticesDigitalfiles1717AnnexA(informative)ExampleeTEA.AnnexB(informative)Selectingthebasisofproduction.Bibliography8571226.2.1 GeneralForewordISO(theInternationalOrganizationforStan
8、dardization)isaworldwidefederationofnationalstandardsbodies(ISOmemberbodies).TheworkofpreparingInternationalStandardsisnormallycarriedoutthroughISOtechnicalcommittees.Eachmemberbodyinterestedinasubjectforwhichatechnicalcommitteehasbeenestablishedhastherighttoberepresentedonthatcommittee.Internationa
9、lorganizations,governmentalandnon-governmental,inliaisonwithISO,alsotakepartinthework.ISOcollaboratescloselywiththeInternationalElectrotechnicalCommission(IEC)onallmattersofelectrotechnicalstandardization.Theproceduresusedtodevelopthisdocumentandthoseintendedforitsfurthermaintenancearedescribedinthe
10、ISO/IECDirectives,Part1.Inparticular,thedifferentapprovalcriterianeededforthedifferenttypesofISOdocumentshouldbenoted.ThisdocumentwasdraftedinaccordancewiththeeditorialrulesoftheISO/IECDirectives,Part2(seeWWW.iso.org/directives).ISOdrawsattentiontothepossibilitythattheimplementationofthisdocumentmay
11、involvetheuseof（八）patent(三).ISOtakesnopositionconcerningtheevidence,validityorapplicabilityofanyclaimedpatentrightsinrespectthereof.Asofthedateofpublicationofthisdocument,ISOhadnotreceivednoticeof（八）patent(三)whichmayberequiredtoimplementthisdocument.HoweverlImplementersarecautionedthatthismaynotrepr
12、esentthelatestinformation,whichmaybeobtainedfromthepatentdatabaseavailableatWWW.iso.org/patents.ISOshallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights.Anytradenameusedinthisdocumentisinformationgivenfortheconvenienceofusersanddoesnotconstituteanendorsement.Foranexplanationofthevoluntaryn
13、atureofstandards,themeaningofISOspecifictermsandexpressionsrelatedtoconformityassessment,aswellasinformationaboutISO,sadherencetotheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)principlesintheTechnicalBarrierstoTrade(TBT),seeWWW.iso.org/iso/foreword.htmLThisdocumentwaspreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC207,Environment
14、almanagement,SubcommitteeSC5,Lifecycleassessment.Anyfeedbackorquestionsonthisdocumentshouldbedirectedtotheusersnationalstandardsbody.AcompletelistingofthesebodiescanbefoundatWWW.iso.org/members.htmLIntroductionDuringtheprocessofresearching,designing,developingandcommercializingprocesssystems,manydec
15、isionsmustbemadeconcerningdetailssuchastheselectionofunitoperations,equipmenttypesandsizes,operatingconditionsandprocedures,massandenergyflows,financingcontracts,salespricesandenvironmentalreleases.Thesedecisionsaremadebasedonmanyindicators,especiallytechnicalindicators(e.g.productyield,processeffic
16、iency,quality),economicindicators(e.g.cost,profitability,returnsoninvestment)andenvironmentalindicators(e.g.greenhousegas(GHG)emissions,resourcedepletion,freshwaterconsumption).Theseultimatelyaffectthetotalvalueoftheprocesssystemtocompanies,clients,consumers,governmentandsociety.Anenvironmentaltechn
17、o-economicassessment(eTEA)characterizesprocesssystemsintermsofkeyenvironmental,technical(techno)andeconomicfactors.Thesecharacteristicsarerepresentedbyacollectionofcommonlyunderstoodmetricsthatcanthenbeinterpretedfordecision-makingpurposes.ManyassumptionsmustbemadeasapartofaneTEAcanhaveamajorimpacto
18、ntheresults,withfinancialandenvironmentalconsequencesthroughoutthelifecycleoftheprocessanditsproducts.Theseassumptionscanincludethevaluesofkeyparameters,analysisboundariesandthemethodsthemselves.BecauseofitsimportanceandthewidevariabilityinmethodsforeTEAs,thereisaneedforpracticalguidanceontheirperfo
19、rmance.OrganizationscanbenefitsignificantlybyprovidingclearandconsistentguidanceonhowtoconductaneTEA.Therefore,thisdocument: establishesterminologyandkeydefinitionsofcommonmetricsusedineTEAs; providesrequirementsandguidanceonhowtoconducteTEAs; providesaframeworkforclearlydocumentingtheresultsandtheu
20、nderlyingassumptionsusedinaneTEAsothatotherscaneffectivelyinterprettheresults.ThisdocumentisintendedforeTEApractitioners(i.e.peoplewhoconducteTEAs,suchasdatagathering,makingcalculationsorassessingandinterpretingtheresults).Practitionerscanincludeindustry,governmentoracademia.Anillustrativeexampleofa
21、neTEAisgiveninAmleXA.EnvironmentalmanagementEnvironmentaltechno-economicassessmentPrinciples,requirementsandguidance1 ScopeThisdocumentprovidesprinciples,requirementsandguidanceforperforminganenvironmentaltechno-economicassessment(eTEA).eTEAsprovideeconomicanalysescombinedwithanassessmentofenvironme
22、ntalimpacts.Thisdocumentspecifiesrequirementsfordocumentingtheresults,underlyingassumptions,parametersandmethodologiesusedinaneTEA.Thisdocumentisapplicabletoprocesssystemsofanysizeorproductionscale.2 NormativereferencesThefollowingdocumentsarereferredtointhetextinsuchawaythatsomeoralloftheircontentc
23、onstitutesrequirementsofthisdocument.Fordatedreferences,onlytheeditioncitedapplies.Forundatedreferences,thelatesteditionofthereferenceddocument(includinganyamendments)applies.ISO14040:2006,EnvironmentalmanagementLifecycleassessmentPrinciplesandframeworkISO14044:2006,EnvironmentalmanagementLifecyclea
24、ssessmentRequirementsandguidelines3 TermsanddefinitionsForthepurposesofthisdocument,thefollowingtermsanddefinitionsapply.ISOandIECmaintainterminologydatabasesforuseinstandardizationatthefollowingaddresses: ISOOnlinebrowsingplatform:availableathttps:WWW.iso.org/obp IECElectropedia:availableathttps:WW
25、W.electropedia.org/3.1environmentaltechno-economicassessmenteTEAeco-technoeconomicanalysiscompilationandevaluationoftechnologicalparameters,environmentalimpactsandeconomicperformanceofaprocesssystem(3.13)andanassociatedproductsystem(3.12)3.2basisofproductionquantifiedperformanceofaprocesssystem(3.13
26、),reflectingitsspecificscale,sizeorrate3.3 processsetofinterrelatedorinteractingactivitiesthatusesortransformsinputstodeliveraresultNote1toentry:Theprocesscanbephysicalorconceptual.SOURCE:ISO14050:2020,3.1.9,modifiedNote1toentryadded.3.4functionalunitquantifiedperformanceofaproductsystem(3.12)foruse
27、asareferenceunitNote1toentry:Thefunctionalunitreflectsthesizeoftheprocesssystem(3.13).SOURCE:ISO14040:2006,3.20,modifiedNote1toentryadded.3.5referenceflowmeasureoftheoutputsfromprocesses(3.3)inagivenproductsystem(3.12)requiredtofulfilthefunctionexpressedbythefunctionalunit(3.4)SOURCE:ISO14040:2006,3
28、293.6lifecycleassessmentLCAcompilationandevaluationoftheinputs,outputsandthepotentialenvironmentalimpactsofaproductsystem(3.12)throughoutitslifecycleSOURCE:ISO14040:2006,3.23.7lifecycleimpactassessmentLCIAphaseoflifecycleassessment(3.6)aimedatunderstandingandevaluatingthemagnitudeandsignificanceoft
29、hepotentialenvironmentalimpactsforaproductsystem(3.12)throughoutthelifecycleoftheproduct(3.9)SOURCE:ISO14040:2006,3,43.8techno-economicanalysisTEAcompilationandevaluationoftechnologicalparametersandeconomicperformanceofaprocesssystem(3.13)3.9productanygoodsorserviceSOURCE:ISO14050:2020,3.5,123.10env
30、ironmentsurroundingsinwhichanorganizationoperates,includingairlwater,land,naturalresources,flora,fauna,humansandtheirinterrelationshipsSOURCE:ISO14050:2020,3223.11 businessunitdiscreteandaccountablefunctionorsub-functionwithinanorganizationSOURCE:ISO/TS21089:2018,3.28,modifiedNote1toentrydeleted.3.1
31、2productsystemcollectionofunitprocesses(3.3)withelementaryandproductflows,performingoneormoredefinedfunctions,andwhichmodelsthelifecycleofaproduct(3.9)SOURCE:ISO14040:2006,3.283.13processsystemsystemofoneormoreinterlinkedunitprocesses(3.3)overwhichthebusinessunit(3.11)hascontrolNote1toentry:Inthelif
32、ecycleassessment3.6partoftheenvironmentaltechno-economicassessmentf3.1),upanddownstreamprocessesarenormallyadded.Note2toentry:Theprocesssystemispartoftheproductsystem(3.12).4 PrinciplesofeTEAs4.1 GeneraleTEAsarethecombinationofatechno-economicanalysis(TEA)andalifecycleassessment(LCA).eTEAsincludeeco
33、nomic,technicalandenvironmentalconsiderationsthatcaninformdecision-making.TheseprinciplesarefundamentalandshouldbeusedasguidancefordecisionsrelatingtoboththeplanningandconductingofaneTEA.4.2 Twofocuses,twoperspectiveseTEAconsidersthecombinationofthefollowingtwofocuseswithtwodifferentperspectives:The
34、techno-economicfocusconsidersthemassflows,energyflowsandeconomicvalueofaprocesssystemfromtheperspectiveofabusinessunitthathascontrolovertheprocesssystem.Theeconomicboundaryisusuallydefinedbytheboundaryofthebusinessunitofrelevanceandincludesallexpenses,costsorrevenuesdirectlyassociatedwiththeprocesss
35、ystemofinterest,typicallyincurredbythebusinessunitonly,suchasthoseassociatedwithmanufacturing,operation,commissioning,startupanddecommissioning.Theenvironmentalfocusoftheanalysisconsidersthelifecycleofaproductsystemassociatedwithaprocesssystemfromtheperspectiveoftheenvironment.TheLCAfollowstheprinci
36、plesdescribedinISO14040,generallybeginningatrawmaterialextractionandacquisition,includingthemanufactureofproducts,andfinaluseandendoflifeordisposal.4.3 Basisofproduction,functionalunitandreferenceflowsSinceeTEAstypicallysupportspecificdecisionswithnonlinearconsequences,thebasisOfproductionfortheproc
37、esssystemandthefunctionalunitforthecorrespondingproductsystemshouldhavethesamesizeastheexpectedoutcomeofthedecisionregardingtheprocesssystem.InformationonselectingthebasisofproductionisgiveninAnnexB.4.4 IterativeapproacheTEAisaniterativeapproach.TheindividualphaseswithintheLCAusetheresultsofotherpha
38、ses,andhaveiterativeapproacheswithinthemaswell.Similarly,theTEAdirectlyinfluencestheLCA,andviceversa,astechnicalandeconomicdecisionscanbemadeconsideringtheirenvironmentalimpacts.4.5 TransparencyDuetothecomplexityofeTEAstudies,itisimportantthatassumptionsandlimitationsaredocumentedtransparently,andth
39、atinformationisprovidedinanopenandcomprehensivemannertoenableaccurateinterpretationofresultsandunderstandingoftrade-offs.Aimfortransparencybyensuringthatdocumentationareavailable,comprehensiveandunderstandabletoallowtheintendedaudiencetousetheeTEAresultsand/orfacilitatereplicabilityoftheeTEA.4.6 Com
40、prehensivenesseTEAconsidersawiderangeoftechnical,economicandenvironmentalindicators: thetechnicalindicatorsincludemassflows,energyflowsandperformancemetrics; theeconomicindicatorsincludecosts,revenues,investments,shareholders,debts,equity,liability,taxation,regulation,timevaluationandothers; theenvi
41、ronmentalindicatorsincludetheimpactsonthenaturalenvironment,humanhealthandresources.Byconsideringalloftheseindicatorsinacomprehensiveanalysis,trade-offscanbeidentified,processescanbeimprovedandresponsibledecisionscanbemadethatdirectlyaffectthebusinessunitandindirectlyaffecttherestoftheworld.4.7 Prio
42、rityofscientificandeconomicapproachThetechnologicalandenvironmentalportionsoftheeTEAarepreferablybasedonnaturalsciences.TheeconomicportionoftheeTEAispreferablybasedoneconomics,vendorquotesorknowledgeableestimates.5 GeneraldescriptionofaneTEA5.1 FrameworkforTEA5.1.1 GeneraleTEAconsistsoftheintegratio
43、nofTEAwithLCA.TherelationshipbetweenTEAandLCAisdescribedinFigure1.ThephasesoftheeTEAframeworkare:thegoalandscopedefinition;TEA;LCA;interpretation.Figure1FrameworkforaneTEA5.1.2 PhasesofTEAInadditiontothegoalandscopeandinterpretationofthegeneraleTEAframework,TEAcomprises:technicaldeterminationofmassa
44、ndenergyflows;economicanalysis.5.1.3 PhasesofLCATheLCAisconductedinaccordancewiththeframework,guidelines,principlesandrequirementsgiveninISO14040andISO14044.InadditiontothegoalandscopeandinterpretationofthegeneraleTEAframework,LCAcomprises:inventoryanalysis;impactassessment.5.2 KeyfeaturesofaneTEATh
45、ekeyfeaturesoftheeTEAmethodologyareasfollows:a) AneTEAincorporatesbothaTEAandanLCA.b) AneTEAassesses,inasystematicway,thetechnical,economicandenvironmentalimpactsofaproductanditsproductsystem,inaccordancewiththestatedgoalandscope.c) eTEAsareinfluencedbythesize,capacityorproductionrateoftheprocesseso
46、finterestasdefinedbythebasisofproduction,becauseoftheeffectsofeconomiesofscale.d) ThedepthofdetailandtimeframeofaneTEAisdefinedbythegoalandscopedefinition.e) SpecificrequirementsareappliedtoeTEAthatareintendedtobeusedforcomparativeanalyses.f) ThereisnosinglemethodforconductinganeTEA.Organizationshav
47、etheflexibilitytoimplementeTEAasestablishedinthisdocument,inaccordancewiththeintendedapplicationandtherequirementsoftheorganization.g) OutcomesoftheeTEAarenaturallyuncertain;thereisaninherentuncertaintyinthemeasurementorpredictionoftechnicalaspects,economicaspectsandenvironmentalimpacts.Theuncertaintyisgenerallythelowestfortheportionsofproductsystemthataredirectlyrelatedtothebusinessunit,andlargerfortheportionsoutsideofit.h) ThereisnoscientificbasisforreducingallmetricsobtainedinaneTEAtoasinglenumberfordecisionmakingpurposes.Attemptstocombinesubsetsofmetricstypic
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