1、冀教版九年级全一册Lesson8AUniverseofThought学习重点、难点与练习一、学习重点（一）词汇1 .lifetimen.一生;终生如:DuringhisIifetime3hemademanycontributions.（在他的一生中，他做出了许多贡献。）2 .solveV.解决;解答常与problem等词搭配，如：solveaproblem（解决一个问题）3 theoryn.学说;理论例如：thetheoryofevolution（进化论）4 .relativityn.相对论TheoryofRelativity相对论5 pioneern.先锋;先驱apioneerinthefi
2、eldofscience（科学领域的先驱）6 .conclusionn.结论；推论drawaconclusion（得出结论）7 .falseadj.错误的;不正确的afalseanswer（错误答案）8相关拓展词汇：thoughtn.思想；思考如：HiSthOUghtSareVeryProfoUnd.（他的思想非常深刻。）mindn.头脑；心思haveagoodmind（有良好的心智）centuryn.世纪;百年inthe21stcentury（在21世纪）receivev.接受；收到receivealetter（收到一封信）diev.死;去世过去式died,过去分词died,现在分词dyin
3、g如：TheoldmandiedIaStyear.（这位老人去年去世了。）nuclearadj.原子能的;核能的nuclearenergy（核能）weaponn.武器；兵器nuclearweapons（核武器）（二）短语1 TheoryofRelativity相对论2 .goon继续goontodosth.（继续做另一件事）goondoingsth.（继续做同一件事）2.1 nthefieldof在领域inthefieldofart（在艺术领域）4theNobelPrize诺贝尔奖5 passaway相当于die,但更委婉6 giveup放弃giveupdoingsth.（放弃做某事）（）句式
4、IEnSteinismostfamousforhisTheoryofRelativity.爱因斯坦以他的相对论最为著名。befamousfor因而著名后接出名的原因类似短语bewell-knownfor1Anyonewhohasnevermadeamistakehasnevertriedanythingnew.任彳可从未过错误的人从来没有尝试过任何新事物。whohasnevermadeamistake是定语从句，修饰先行词anyone,who在从句中作主语1Theimportantthingisnottostopquestioning.重要的是不要停止质疑。不定式短语nottostopques
5、tioning作表语1HeleftGermanyin1933andwenttoteachatPrincetonUniversityintheUnitedStateS.他在1933年离开德国，去美国普林斯顿大学任教。leavesp.离开某地gotodosth.去做某事（四）语法1before,after引导的时间状语从句before弓I导的时间状语从句，表示“在之前”如：Beforehewenttobed,hereadabook.（在他睡觉之前，他读了一本书。）after引导的时间状语从句，表示“在之后”如：Aftershefinishedherhomework,SheWatChedTV.（她完
6、成作业之后，看了电视。）注意：当主句和从句的主语一致，且从句谓语动词为be动词时，从句的主语和be动词可以省略。如:Before（hewas）leaving,hesaidgoodbyetohisfriends.（在离开之前，他向朋友们道别。）1who引导的定语从句who在定语从句中作主语，先行词是人如：Themanwhoisstandingthereismyteacher.（正站在那里的那个男人是我的老师。）关系代词WhO引导的定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起到限定、修饰的作用二、学习难点（一）词汇辨析1.die,dead,death,dying的区别die是动词,强调动作如：ThefloWer
7、SWilIdieW让houtwater.（没有水，这些花将会死去。）dead是形容词，表状态如：adeadbird（一只死鸟）death是名词如：HiSdeathmadeUSVerySad.（他的去世让我们非常难过。）dying是现在分词，也可作形容词，意为“垂死的；即将死亡的如：adyingman（一个垂死的人）1.giveupdoingsth.与giveuptodosth.的区另（Jgiveupdoingsth.表示放弃正在做的事情如：Hegaveupsmokinglastyear.（他去年戒烟了。）giveuptOdoSth.这种表达不太常见，一般表示放弃手头的事去做另一件事，此时更常用
8、stopdoingsth.todosth.（二）复杂句式理解1 .含有多个从句的复合句理解如：Thescientistwhomadegreatcontributionstothefieldofphysicssaidthattheconclusionwhichhedrewbeforewasfalse.（这位对物理领域做出巨大贡献的科学家说他之前得出的结论是错误的。）此句中whomadegreatcontributionstothefieldofphysics是定语从句修饰scientist,thattheconclusionwhichhedrewbeforewasfalse是宾语从句，其中whi
9、chhedrewbefore又是定语从句修饰conclusiono学生需要理清各个从句之间的关系以及在句中的作用。2 长难句的成分分析如:Einstein3whowasoneofthegreatestmindsofthelastcenturyandthoughtabouttheuniverseallhislifetime,ismostfamousforhisTheoryofRelativity.（爱因斯坦，作为上世纪最具智慧的人之一并且一生都在思考宇宙，以他的相对论最为著名。）此句中Who弓|导的非限定性定语从句较长，学生需要准确划分句子成分，理解句子的核心含义。（三）文章主旨把握与文化背景理
10、解L文章主旨把握理解文章不仅仅是获取关于爱因斯坦的基本信息，更要领会文章所传达的科学精神、探索精神以及对错误和质疑的正确态度等深层次内涵。3 .文化背景理解了解当时的科学发展背景、社会环境等对理解爱因斯坦的成就和思想有重要作用。例如，学生需要知道在爱因斯坦所处的时代，物理学领域面临着哪些问题和挑战，这有助于更好地理解他的研究意义。三、练习题(一)词汇运用1 .Einsteinspenthislifetime(life)thinkingabouttheuniverse.2 .Canyousolve(solution)thismathproblem?3 .Histheory(theoretical
11、)abouttheuniverseisveryinteresting.4 .Heisapioneer(pioneering)inthefieldofmedicalresearch.5 Weshoulddrawacorrectconclusion(conclude)fromtheexperiment.6 .Hisanswerisfalse(wrongly).Youcantellhimtherightone.7 .Thegreatscientistdied(death)lastmonth.Hisdeath(die)madeeveryonesad.8 Chinahasmadegreatprogres
12、sinthefieldofnuclear(nucleus)energy.9 Weshouldnevergiveuptrying(try)whenwefacedifficulties.10 .Themanwhoistalkingwithourteacherisafamousscientist.(二)语法填空1 BeforehecametoChina3hehadlearnedalotaboutChineseculture.2 Aftershefinished(finish)herwork,shewenthome.3 .Thewomanwhoiswearingareddressismyaunt.4
13、Hesaidthathewouldgo(go)toBeijingthenextday.5 .ThebookwhichIboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.()阅读理解阅读下面关于居里夫人(MarieCUrie)的文章，回答问题。MarieCuriewasafamousPolish-Frenchscientist.ShewasborninWarsaw,Polandin1867.Duringherlifetime,shemadegreatcontributionsinthefieldofradioactivity.MarieCuriewasthefirstwoman
14、towinaNobelPrizeandtheonlywomantowintheNobelPrizetwice.ShereceivedtheNobelPrizeinPhysicsin1903withherhusbandPierreCurieandHenriBecquerelfortheirresearchonradioactivity.In1911,shereceivedtheNobelPrizeinChemistryforthediscoveryoftheelementspoloniumandradium.Shefacedmanydifficultiesinherlife.Afterherhu
15、sbandPierreCuriediedin1906,shecontinuedherresearch.ShetaughtattheSorbonneinParis,becomingthefirstwomantoteachthere.MarieCurie,sworkhashadahugeimpactonmodernscience.Herdiscoverieshavehelpeddoctorstreatcancerandhaveledtomanyotherimportantscientificdevelopments.1 .WherewasMarieCurieborn?ShewasborninWar
16、saw,Poland.1 .HowmanytimesdidMarieCuriewintheNobelPrize?ShewontheNobelPrizetwice.1WhydidMarieCuriereceivetheNobelPrizeinPhysicsin1903?ShereceivedtheNobelPrizeinPhysicsin1903withherhusbandPierreCurieandHenriBecquerelfortheirresearchonradioactivity.1.WhatdidMarieCuriedoafterherhusbanddied?Afterherhusb
17、anddiedin1906,shecontinuedherresearchandtaughtattheSorbonneinParis.1.WhatistheimpactofMarieCurie,sworkonmodemscience?Herworkhashadahugeimpactonmodernscience.Herdiscoverieshavehelpeddoctorstreatcancerandhaveledtomanyotherimportantscientificdevelopments.（四）写作请根据以下提示，写一篇关于你心目中伟大科学家的短文。1 .介绍科学家的基本信息（出生年
18、月、出生地等）2 .讲述他/她的主要成就3 .你从他/她身上学到了什么要求：80-120词。参考范文：Inmyheart,ThomasEdisonisagreatscientist.Hewasbornin1847intheUnitedStates.Edisonmadeover1,000inventionsduringhislifetime.Hismostfamousinventionisthelightbulb.Beforehisinvention,peopleusedcandlesoroillamps.Thelightbulbchangedourlivesandmadeournightsbr
19、ighter.FromEdison,Ihavelearnedthatweshouldnevergiveup.Hetriedthousandsoftimestoinventthelightbulb.Hisspiritofkeepingtryingencouragesmetofacedifficultiesbravelyinmystudy.四、答案(一)词汇运用1.lifetime2.solve3.theory4 pioneer5 .conclusion6 .false7 died;death8 .nuclear9 .trying10 .who（二）语法填空1 Before2 .finished3
20、 .who4 .wouldgo5 .which（）阅读理解1 ShewasborninWarsaw3Poland.2 .ShewontheNobelPrizetwice.3 .ShereceivedtheNobelPrizeinPhysicsin1903withherhusbandPierreCurieandHenriBecquerelfortheirresearchonradioactivity.4 Afterherhusbanddiedin1906,shecontinuedherresearchandtaughtattheSorbonneinParis.5 .Herworkhashadahugeimpactonmodernscience.Herdiscoverieshavehelpeddoctorstreatcancerandhaveledtomanyotherimportantscientificdevelopments.（四）写作（略，根据学生实际写作情况批改，重点关注语法错误、逻辑连贯性、内容完整性等方面）
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