1、NetAppxClusteredDataONTAP8.2PhysicalStorageManagementGuideNetApp, Inc.495 East Java Drive Sunnyvale. CA 94089 U.S.Part number: 215-07973_A0May 2013Telephone:+1(408)822-60Fax:+1(408)822-4501Supporttelephone:+1(888)463-8277Web:app.mFeedback:doccomments.8.10 .10 .10 .10.11.12 .12 .13 13.15.1515Contents
2、ManagingdisksusingDataONTAP上:HowDataONTAPreportsdrivetypesStorageconnectionarchitecturesandtopologiessupportedbyDataONTAPHowdiskscanbecombinedfortheSASdiskconnectiontypeHowdiskscanbecombinedfortheFC-ALdiskconnectiontype.UsableandphysicaldiskcapacitybydisksizeMethodsofcalculatingaggregateandsystemcap
3、acityDiskspeedssupportedbyDataONTAPHowdiskchecksumtypesaffectaggregateandsparemanagementChecksumtypebyDataONTAPdisktypeDrivenameformats1.oopIDsforFC-ALconnecteddisksUnderstandingRAIDdisktypesHowdisksanitizationworksDisksanitizationprocess16Whendisksanitizationcannotbeperformed16Whathappensifdisksani
4、tizationisinterrupted17Tipsforcreatingandbackingupaggregatescontainingdatatobesanitized17HowDataONTAPmonitorsdiskperformanceandhealth17WhathappenswhenDataONTAPtakesdisksoffline17HowDataONTAPreducesdiskfailuresusingRapidRAIDRecovery18Howthemaintenancecenterworks19WhenDataONTAPcanputadiskintothemainte
5、nancecenter19HowDataONTAPusescontinuousmediascrubbingtopreventmediaerrors20IncreasingstorageavailabilitybyusingACP21EnablingACP21HowyouuseSSDstoincreasestorageperformance23HowDataONTAPmanagesSSDwearlife24CapabilitydifferencesbetweenSSDsandHDDs24Guidelinesandrequirementsforusingmulti-diskcarrierdisks
6、helves25HowDataONTAPavoidsRAIDimpactwhenamulti-diskcarriermustberemoved25Howtodeterminewhenitissafetoremoveamulti-diskcarrier26Sparerequirementsformulti-diskcarrierdisks26Shelfconfigurationrequirementsformulti-diskcarrierdiskshelves27Aggregaterequirementsfordisksfrommulti-diskcarrierdiskshelves27Con
7、siderationsforusingdisksfromamulti-diskcarrierdiskshelfinanaggregate27Addingdiskstoastoragesystem28WhenyouneedtoupdatetheDiskQualificationPackage29Replacingdisksthatarecurrentlybeingusedinanaggregate29Convertingadatadisktoahotspare30Removingdisksfromastoragesystem31Removingafaileddisk31Removingahots
8、paredisk32Removingadatadisk33Usingdisksanitizationtoremovedatafromdisks34Stoppingdisksanitization36Commandsformanagingdisks36Commandsfordisplayingspaceinformation37Managingownershipfordisks38WhyyouassignownershipofdisksandarrayLUNs38HowdisksandarrayLUNsbecomeavailableforuse38Howautomaticownershipass
9、ignmentworksfordisks40Whatautomaticownershipassignmentdoes40Whenautomaticownershipassignmentisinvoked40Guidelinesforassigningownershipfordisks41Assigningownershipfordisks41Configuringautomaticownershipassignmentofdisks42Howyouusethewildcardcharacterwiththediskownershipcommands43ManagingarrayLUNsusin
10、gDataONTAP45OverviewofsettingupDataONTAPtousearrayLUNs45InstallingthelicenseforusingarrayLUNs47HowownershipfordisksandarrayLUNsworks48WhyyouassignownershipofdisksandarrayLUNs48HowdisksandarrayLUNsbecomeavailableforuse48WhatitmeansforDataONTAPtoownanarrayLUN50WhyyoumightassignarrayLUNownershipafterin
11、stallation50ExamplesshowingwhenDataONTAPcanusearrayLUNs51AssigningownershipofarrayLUNs53Verifyingback-endconfiguration54ModifyingassignmentofsparearrayLUNs55ArrayLUNnameformat56CheckingthechecksumtypeofsparearrayLUNs57ChangingthechecksumtypeofanarrayLUN58PrerequisitestoreconfiguringanarrayLUNonthest
12、oragearray59ChangingarrayLUNsizeorcomposition60RemovingonearrayLUNfromusebyDataONTAP61PreparingarrayLUNsbeforeremovingaV-Seriessystemfromservice61HowDataONTAPusesRAIDtoprotectyourdataanddataavailability62RAIDprotectionlevelsfordisks62WhatRAID-DPprotectionis62WhatRAID4protectionis63RAIDprotectionfora
13、rrayLUNs63UnderstandingRAIDdisktypes64HowDataONTAPRAIDgroupswork64HowRAIDgroupsarenamed64AboutRAIDgroupsize64HowDataONTAPworkswithhotsparedisks67Howmanyhotsparesyoushouldhave67Whatdiskscanbeusedashotspares67Whatamatchingspareis68Whatanappropriatehotspareis68Aboutdegradedmode69Aboutlowsparewarnings69
14、HowDataONTAPhandlesafaileddiskwithahotspare70HowDataONTAPhandlesafaileddiskthathasnoavailablehotspare70ConsiderationsforchangingthetimeoutRAIDoption71HowRAID-leveldiskscrubsverifydataintegrity71HowyouscheduleautomaticRAID-levelscrubs71HowyourunamanualRAID-levelscrub72CustomizingthesizeofyourRAIDgrou
15、ps72ControllingtheimpactofRAIDoperationsonsystemperformance73ControllingtheperformanceimpactofRAIDdatareconstruction74ControllingtheperformanceimpactofRAID-levelscrubbing75Howyouuseaggregatestoprovidestoragetoyourvolumes76HowtheVserveraffectswhichaggregatescanbeassociatedwithaFlexVolvolume76Howaggre
16、gateswork77Introductionto64-bitand32-bitaggregateformats79HowFlashPoolswork79RequirementsforusingFlashPools80HowFlashPoolsandFlashCachecompare80AboutreadandwritecachingforFlashPools81HowFlashPoolcachecapacityiscalculated81UnderstandinghowDataONTAPworkswithheterogeneousstorage82Howyoucanusediskswithm
17、ixedspeedsinthesameaggregate82Howtocontroldiskselectionfromheterogeneousstorage83RulesformixingHDDtypesinaggregates83RulesformixingdrivetypesinFlashPools84RulesformixingstorageinaggregatesforV-Seriessystems84HowthechecksumtypeisdeterminedforaggregateswitharrayLUNs85Howtodeterminespaceusageinanaggreg
18、ate85Howyoucandetermineandcontrolavolume,sspaceusageintheaggregate86HowInfiniteVolumesuseaggregates89AggregaterequirementsforInfiniteVolumes89HowFlexVolvolumesandInfiniteVolumesshareaggregates89HowstorageclassesaffectwhichaggregatescanbeassociatedwithInfiniteVolumes90Howaggregatesandnodesareassociat
19、edwithInfiniteVolumes90HowspaceisallocatedinsideanewInfiniteVolume92RelocatingownershipofaggregatesusedbyInfiniteVolumes92Managingaggregates95Creatinganaggregate95CreatingaFlashPool96Determiningandenablingvolumewrite-cachingeligibility98ChangingtheRAIDtypeofRAIDgroupsinaFlashPool99Increasingthesizeo
20、fanaggregate101Whathappenswhenyouaddstoragetoanaggregate103Bestpracticesforexpandinga32-bitaggregateto64-bit103RelocatingaggregateownershipwithinanHApair104Howaggregaterelocationworks104Relocatingaggregateownership105Commandsforaggregaterelocation107Keyparametersofthestorageaggregaterelocationstartc
21、ommand107Vetoanddestinationchecksduringaggregaterelocation108MovinganaggregatecomposedofarrayLUNs110AssigningaggregatestoaVserver112Methodstocreatespaceinanaggregate113Commandsformanagingaggregates114Storagelimits116Copyrightinformation118Trademarkinformation119Howtosendyourcomments120Index121Managi
22、ngdisksUSingDataONTAPDisksprovidethebasicunitofstorageforstoragesystemsnmningDataONTAPthatusenativediskshelves.UnderstandinghowDataONTAPusesandclassifiesdiskswillhelpyoumanageyourstoragemoreeffectively.HowDataONTAPreportsdrivetypesDataONTAPassociatesatypewitheverydrive.DataONTAPreportssomedrivetypes
23、differentlythantheindustrystandards;youshouldunderstandhowDataONTAPdrivetypesmaptoindustrystandardstoavoidconfusion.WhenDataONTAPdocumentationreferstoadrivetype,itisthetypeusedbyDataONTAPunlessotherwisespecified.RAIDdrivetypesdenotetheroleaspecificdriveplaysforRAID.RAIDdrivetypesarenotrelatedtoDataO
24、NTAPdrivetypes.Foraspecificconfiguration,thedrivetypessupporteddependonthestoragesystemmodel,theshelftype,andtheI/Omodulesinstalledinthesystem.Formoreinformationaboutthetypesofdrivessupportedbyyourconfiguration,seetheHardwareUniverse(formerlytheSystemConfigurationGuide)ThefollowingtablesshowhowDataO
25、NTAPdrivetypesmaptoindustrystandarddrivetypesfortheSASandFC-ALstorageconnectionarchitectures,andforstoragearrays:Table1:SASstorageconnectionarchitectureDataONTAPdrivetypePrimarydrivecharacteristicIndustrystandarddrivetypeDescriptionBSASCapacitySATABridgedSAS-SATAdiskswithaddedhardwaretoenablethemtob
26、epluggedintoaSASshelf.FSASCapacityNL-SASNearLineSASMSATACapacitySATASATAdiskinmulti-diskcarrierdiskshelfSASPerformanceSASSATACapacitySATAAvailableonlyasinternaldisksforFAS20xxsystems.SSDHigh-performanceSSDSolid-statedrivesTable2:FC-ALstorageconnectionarchitectureDataONTAPdrivtypeePrimarydrivecharact
27、eristicIndustrystandarddrivetypeDescriptionATACapacitySATAFCALPerformanceFCTable3:StoragearraysDataONTAPdrivtypeBPrimarydrivecharacteristicIndustrystandarddrivetypeDescriptionLUNN/ALUNAlogicalstoragedevicebackedbystoragearraysandusedbyDataONTAPasadrive.TheseLUNsarereferredtoasarrayLUNstodistinguisht
28、hemfromtheLUNsthatDataONTAPservestoclients.Forinformationaboutbestpracticesforworkingwithdifferenttypesofdrives,seeTechnicalReport3437:StorageSubsystemResiliencyGuide.RelatedconceptsRulesformixingHDDtypesinaggregatesonpage83StorageconnectionarchitecturesandtopologiessupportedbyDataONTAPonpage10Relat
29、edreferencesUnderstandingRAIDdisktypesonpage15RelatedinformationTR3437:StorageSubsystemResiliencyGuideStorageconnectionarchitecturesandtopologiessupportedbyDataONTAPDataONTAPsupportstwostorageconnectionarchitectures:serial-attachedSCSI(SAS)andFibreChannel(FC).TheFCconnectionarchitecturesupportsthree
30、topologies:arbitratedloop,switched,andpoint-to-point.SAS,SATA,BSAS,FSAS,SSD,andMSATAdisksusetheSASconnectionarchitecture.,FCandATAdisksusetheFCconnectionarchitecturewithanarbitrated-looptopology(FC-AL).ArrayLUNsusetheFCconnectionarchitecture,witheitherthepoint-to-pointorswitchedtopology.SAS-connecte
31、ddiskshelvesareconnectedtothecontrolleronadaisychaincalledastack.FC-connecteddiskshelvesareconnectedtothecontrolleronaloop.Youcannotcombinedifferentconnectionarchitecturesinthesamelooporstack.HowdiskscanbecombinedfortheSASdiskconnectiontypeYoucancombineSASdiskshelvesandSATAdiskshelveswithinthesamest
32、ack,althoughthisconfigurationisnotrecommended.EachSAS-conncctcddiskshelfcancontainonlyonetypeofdisk(SASorSATA).TheonlyexceptiontothisruleisiftheshelfisbeingusedforaFlashPool.Inthatcase,forsomeSSDsizesandshelfmodels,youcancombineSSDsandHDDsinthesameshelfFormoreinformation,seetheHardwareUniverse.Howdi
33、skscanbecombinedfortheFC-ALdiskconnectiontypeYoucannotcombinediskshelvescontainingFCdisksanddiskshelvescontainingATAdisksinthesameloop.UsableandphysicaldiskcapacitybydisksizeYoucannotusethenominalsizeofadiskinyouraggregateandstoragesystemcapacitycalculations.Youmustuseeithertheusablecapacityorthephy
34、sicalcapacityascalculatedbyDataONTP.ThefollowingtableliststheapproximatephysicalandusablecapacitiesforthedisksizescurrentlysupportedbyDataONTAP.ThenumbersshownareinMebibytes(MiBs).Thisunitofmeasureisequivalentto2tothe20thpowerbytes.(MBs,incontrast,are10tothesixthpowerbytes.)Thephysicalcapacitieslist
35、edinthetableareapproximations;actualphysicaldiskcapacitiesvarybydiskmanufacturer.Thetechnicaldocumentationforyourdiskscontainstheexactphysicaldiskcapacities.DisksizeasdescribedbymanufacturerPhysicalcapacity(Milts,Usablecapacity(MiBapproimat(9100GBSSD(X44lA-R5)95,39695,146100GBSSD(X442A-R5)84,79684,5
36、74200GBSSD190,782190,532800GBSSD763,097762,847300GBSAS/FC280,104272,000450GBSAS/FC420,156418,000500GBSATA423,946423,111600GBSAS/FC560,208560,000900GBSAS858,483857,0001.2TBSAS1,144,6411,142,3521TBSATA847,884847,5552TBSATA1,695,7021,695,4663TBSATA2,543,6342,538,5464TBNL-SAS3,815,4473,807,816Relatedcon
37、ceptsHowDataONTAPreportsdrivetypesonpage8MethodsofcalculatingaggregateandsystemcapacityYouusethephysicalandusablecapacityofthedisksyouemployinyourstoragesystemstoensurethatyourstoragearchitectureconformstotheoverallsystemcapacitylimitsandthesizelimitsofyouraggregates.Tomaintaincompatibilityacrossdif
38、ferentbrandsofdisks,DataONTAProundsdown(right-sizes)theamountofspaceavailableforuserdata.Inaddition,thenumericalbaseusedtocalculatecapacity(base2orbaseIO)alsoimpactssizinginformation.Forthesereasons,itisimportanttousethecorrectsizemeasurement,dependingonthetaskyouwanttoaccomplish: Forcalculatingover
39、allsystemcapacity,youusethephysicalcapacityofthedisk,andcounteverydiskthatisownedbythestoragesystem. Forcalculatinghowmanydisksyoucanputintoanaggregatebeforeyouexceeditsmaximumsize,youusetheright-sized,orusablecapacityofalldatadisksinthataggregate.Parityanddaritydisksarenotcountedagainstthemaximumag
40、gregatesize.DiskspeedssupportedbyDataONTAPForharddiskdrives,whichuserotatingmedia,speedismeasuredinrevolutionsperminute(RPM).Fasterdisksprovidemorediskinput/outputoperationspersecond(IOPS)andfasterresponsetime.Itisbesttousedisksofthesamespeedinanaggregate.DataONTAPsupportsthefollowingrotationalspeed
41、sfordisks:SASdisks(SAS-connccted) IOKRPM 15KRPMSATA,BSAS,FSAS,andMSATAdisks(SAS-connected) 7.2KRPM FCALdisks(FC-ALconnected) IOKRPM 15KRPMATAdisks(FC-ALconnected) 5.4KRPM 7.2KRPMSolid-statedisks,orSSDs,areflashmemory-baseddevicesandthereforetheconceptofrotationalspeeddoesnotapplytothem.SSDsprovidemo
42、reIOPSandfasterresponsetimesthanrotatingmedia.Formoreinformationaboutsupporteddiskspeeds,seetheHardwareUniverse(formerlytheSystemConfigurationGuide)HowdiskchecksumtypesaffectaggregateandsparemanagementTherearetwochecksumtypesavailablefordisksusedbyDataONTAP:BCS(block)andAZCS(zoned).Understandinghowt
43、hechecksumtypesdifferandhowtheyimpactstoragemanagementenablesyoutomanageyourstoragemoreeffectively.Bothchecksumtypesprovidethesameresiliencycapabilities;BCSoptimizesdataaccessspeedandcapacityfordisksthatuse520bytesectors.AZCSprovidesenhancedstorageutilizationandcapacityfordisksthatuse512bytesectors(
44、usuallySATAdisks,whichemphasizecapacity).Aggregateshaveachecksumtype,whichisdeterminedbythechecksumtypeofthedisksthatcomposetheaggregate.Thefollowingconfigurationrulesapplytoaggregates,disks,andchecksums: ChecksumtypescannotbecombinedwithinRAIDgroups.Thismeansthatyoumustconsiderchecksumtypewhenyoupr
45、ovidehotsparedisks.Whenyouaddstoragetoanaggregate,ifithasadifferentchecksumtypethanthestorageintheRAIDgrouptowhichitwouldnormallybeadded,DataONTAPcreatesanewRAIDgroup.AnaggregatecanhaveRAIDgroupsofbothchecksumtypes.Theseaggregateshaveachecksumtypeofmixed. Disksofadifterentchecksumtypecannotbeusedtor
46、eplaceafaileddisk.Youcannotchangethechecksumtypeofadisk.ChecksumtypebyDataONTAPdisktypeYoushouldknowtheDataONTAPdisktypeandchecksumtypeofallofthedisksyoumanage,becausethesediskcharacteristicsimpactwhereandwhenthediskscanbeused.ThefollowingtableshowsthechecksumtypebyDataONTAPdisktype:DataONTAPdisktypeChecksumtypeSASorFC-ALBCSSATA/BSAS/FSAS/ATABCSSSDBCSMSATAAZCSDriven
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