1、INTERNATIONA1.STANDARDISO4545-1Thirdedition2023-10Meta1.1.icmateria1.sKnoophardnesstest一解骷加ethodMatehauxmeta1.1.iquesEssaidedureteKnoop一Pariie1:Methoded,essaiReferencenumberIS04545-1.2023(E)COPYRIGHTPROTECTEDDOCUMENTISO2023IUirhM*hedbdi1.iUedotherwiseupdhi.o啪InPSd1.Mc;GeatrOn1.Wsunmaytheinternetoran
2、intranet,withoutpriorwrittenpermission.PermissioncanberequestedfromeitherISOattheaddressbe1.oworISOsmemberbodyinthecountr)oftherequester.f),WVfifiU81.andonnet8CH-1214Vernier,GenevaPhone：M1.22749O1.11觥ftte:丽丽BQrgPub1.ishedinSwitzer1.andContentsforewordIV2Scope13Normativereferences1Termsanddefinitions
3、14SVn1.bo1.Sanddesignations24.1Symbo1.sanddesignationsusedinthisdocument.254.2DesignationOfhardnessnumber26PTesjngOirichinp36.1Testingmachine36.2Indenter37Testpiece47TeStSUrfSCe47.2PrCParation47.3Thickness47.4Supportofunstab1.etestpieces87.5Meta1.1.icandotherinorganiccoatingsProcedure48.1Testtemper
4、atureS82TeStforce58.3Eeriodicverification.8.4Testpiecesupport8.5Focusontestsurface58.6Testforceapp1.ication6：的&怕点吃bR(&Rr祐鸵htations68.9Measurementofdiagona1.1.ength.798.10Ca1.cu1.ationofhardnessva1.ue70Uncertaintyoftheresu1.ts一7AnnexA(normative)Procedureforperiodiccheckingofthetestingmachine,diagona1
5、measuringsystemandtheindenterbytheuser9AnnexB(informative)Uncertaintyofthemeasuredhardnessva1.ues11AnnexC(informative)Knoophardnessmeasurementtraceabi1.ity18AnnexD(informative)CCMWorkinggrouponhardness22AnnexE(informative)AdjustmentofKdh1.eri1.1.uminationsystems23AnnexF(normative)DeterminingtheKnoo
6、phardnessofmeta1.1.icandotherinorganiccoatings.一.24Bib1.iography28ForewordISO(theInternationa1.OrganizationforStandardization)isawor1.dwidefederationofnationa1.standardsthtiugh(ISOtB(akafbMriiRi)tRMcek1.arrtedmitteehasbeenestab1.ishedhastherighttoberepresentedonthatcommittee.Internationa1.organizati
7、ons,governmenta1.andnon-governmenta1.,in1.iaisonwithISO.a1.sotakepartinthework.ISOco1.1.aboratesc1.ose1.ywiththee1.ectrotechnica1.standardization.Internationa1.E1.ectrotechnica1.Commission(IEC)ona1.1.mattersofTheproceduresusedtodeve1.opthisdocumentandthoseintendedforitsfurthermaintenanceare狐制岫1搬OfIS
8、O雇哪1.ves,S颜1.id1.not(tw1脚地产噌CCOrdanCeJ甑theeditoria1.ru1.esoftheISO/IECDirectives.Part2(seewwwjso.org/dircc1.ives).假)(徽ents)aWNWontakest三嬲据i帆n曲1.fiB胸硼8确画Ftm部期曲野榴IVQdaimedpatentrightsinrespectthereof.Asofthedateofpub1.icationofthisdocumentISOhadnotreceivednoticeof（八）patent(三)whichmayberequiredtoimp1.e
9、mentthisdocument.However,imp1.ementorsare懈怖翻琳躺/mj，wWjSOQFg/眸IentS洗蝮油那ion,扁MMSPOn赖岫油嬲9的阳躲Orasuchpatentrights.Anytradeusedinthisconstitutenameendorsenent.documentisinformationgivenfortheconvenienceofusersanddoesnotForanexp1.anationofthevo1.untarynatureofstandards,themeaningofISOspecifictermsand隘邈蛔豳酒侬遮
10、W即辆O)assEif1.眦聚inwe帼1.吼。nBar池帆四dead朝乩CSvbur11isaorgiso/foreword.htmI.班解肥邯S4榔三edr勘心(敲徽邮酬WS;同输倒桶什泓窗购而瓢瞬On(CEN)Technica1.CommitteeCEN/TC459,ECISSEuropeanCommitteeforIronandStee1.Standardization,inaccordancewiththeAgreementontechnica1.cooperationbetv,eenISOandCEN(ViennaAgreement).5q(W*7ndISdmf71.R呐KdVih
11、afBS期Efb23!3fscd.andrep1.acesISO4516:2002,Themainchangesareasfo1.1.ows:Scoperevisedtoinc1.udetestingonmeta1.1.iccoatingsandotherinorganiccoatings;addedSubc1.ausc7.5onmeta1.1.icandotherinorganiccoatings;updatedreferences.A1.istofa1.1.partsintheISO4545seriescanhefoundontheISOwebsite.Anyfeedbackorquest
12、ionsonthisdocumentShaUabstandardsbody.Acomp1.ete1.istingofthesebodiescanbefoundatwww.iso.org/members.htm1.Meta1.1.icmateria1.sKnoophardnesstestTestmethod1 Scope0,009807Nto19,613N.coatingsinc1.udinge1.ectrodepositeddocunentautocata1.yticapp1.icab1.eformeta1.1.iccoatingsandinorganicapp1.icab1.eet)coat
13、ingsaccuratethicknessreadingsthanthe(Iiagona1.whentheindentation.Thisdocumentsurface.indentations.2 Normativereferencesconstitutesrequirenents1.atesteditiondocument.referencedreferences,(inc1.udingamendments)app1.ies.Fortestingmachines3 TermsanddefinitionsISOandIECmaintaintermino1.ogydatabasesforuse
14、instandardizationatthefo1.1.owingaddresses:ISO2023-A1.1.rightsreservedPart1:ThisdocumentspecifiestheKnoophardnesstestmethodformeta1.1.icmateria1.sfortestforcesfromThisdocumentspecifiesKnoophardnesstestsfor1.engthofthe1.ongdiagona1.0.020mm.UsingthismethodtodeterminetheKnoophardnessfromSma1.1.erindent
15、ationsisoutsidethescopeofthisimperfectionsinwou1.dgcomctry.from1.argeuncertaintiesduetothe1.imitationsofoptica1.measurementTheKnoophardnessspecifiedinthiscoatings,isa1.socoatings,sprayedandotheranodiccoatingsona1.uminium.Thisdocumentisapp1.icab1.etomeasurementsnorma1.tothecoa1.edsurfaceandtomeasurem
16、entsoncross-sections,providedthatthecharacteristicsofthecoating(smoothness,thickness,forpermitwith1.essof0,007mmoftestingnorma1.tothecoatingisnotThisdocumentisnotapp1.icab1.eforcoatingswiththickness1.essthan0,020mmwhentestingacross-sectionofthecoating.ISO14577-1canbeusedforthedeterminationOfhardness
17、fromsma1.1.erAperiodicverificationmethodisspecifiedforroutinecheckingofthetestingmachineinservicebytheuser.Thefo1.1.owingdocumentsarereferredtointhetextinsuchawaythatsomeora1.1.oftheircontentundatedreferences,theofthisoftheFordateddocumenton1.y1.heanyeditioncitedISO4545-2:2017,Meta1.1.icmateria1.sKn
18、oophardnesstestPart2：Verificationandca1.ibrationofISO4545-3,Meta1.1.icmateria1.sKnoophardnesstestPart3:Ca1.ibrationofreferenceb1.ocksNotermsanddefinitionsare1.istedinthisdocument.ISOOn1.inebrowsingp1.atform:avai1.ab1.eathttps:/www.iso.org/obp4Symbo1.sanddesignations4.1Symbo1.sanddesignationsusedinth
19、isdocumentSeeTab1.e1andFigures1and2.Tab1.e1Symbo1.sanddesignationsSymbo1.DesignationFdTestforce,innewtons(N)1.engthofthek)ngdiagona1.,inmi1.1.imetres1.engthoftheshortdiagona1.,inmi1.1.imetresAnj1.ebetweentheoppositeedgesOtXhe4onj?diagona1.atthevertexofthediamondpyramidindenter(nomina1.1.y172,5o)(svc
20、Figure1)Ang1.ebetween(heesoftheshortdiagona1.atthevertexofthediamondpyramidV(nomina1.1.y130o)(seeFigure1)CMagnificationofthemeasuringsystemIndentcrconstantre1.atingprojectedareaoftheindentationtothesquareofthe1.engthofthe1.ongdiagona1.tan一回血!丫机喙4共制2Um亍HKTestforce(kgProjectedareaofindentation(mnu)Kno
21、ophardness,estSrCe(N)gcProjectedareaofindentation(mmz)1Fag11CdZForthenomina1.indenterconstantc0,07028,Kn11fnharri11pw*iM14,ci1戊Toreduceuncertainty,theKnoOPhardnesscanbeca1.cu1.atedusingtheactua1.indenterang1.esaand.NOTEStandardacce1.erationduetogravity,9.80665m/s;.whichistheconversionIactorfrnmkgfto
22、N.4.2DesignationOfhardnessnumberKnoopha咐聊s,曲,is明$亚鹿asshowninthefo1.1.owingexamp1.e.Durationtimeoftestforce(20s)ifnotwithinthespecifiedrange(10sto15s)Approximatekgfequiva1.entva1.ueofapp1.iedtestforce,where(04kgf=0,9807N)Hardnesssymbo1.Knoophardnessva1.ue5Princip1.efo1.1.owedmeasurementtoof1.72,51.on
23、gdiagona1.,theofverte,indcntationrcmainingsurfaceOfsurfacepieceFigure 1 Princip1.eofthetestandindentergeometryFigure 2 Knoopindentationgrouponapp1.icab1.e,(CCM-WfiH)IestdocumentframeworkofIntemationa1.pjrametersasofWeightsbyandMeasures6Testingmachine6.1 TestingmachinerangeIndenterforces,inaccordance
24、withISO4545-2.TheDiagona1.measuringsystemshapeofarhombic-basedpyramid,asspecifiedinISO4545-2.Thediagona1.measuringsystemsha1.1.satisfytherequirementsinISO4545-2.Adiamondindenter,intheformofarhombic-basedpyramidwithang1.es,aand1.betweenoppositeedgesbyrespcctive1.yequa1.theand130oatd,theisforcedintoth
25、eonthetestafterTheKnoophardnessisproportiona1.tothequotientobtainedbydividingthetestforcebytheprojectedindentation.isassumedtobearhombic-basedpyramid,andhavingatthevertexIhCSameang1.esindenter.NOTEAshardnessthisunderthehasadoptedthehardnesstestCommitteedenedtheworking(C1.PM)Consu1.tativeCommitteefor
26、MassandRe1.atedQuantities(CCM)(seeAnnexD).Thetestingmachinesha1.1.hecapab1.eofapp1.yingapredeterminedforceorforceswithinthedesired6.2oftest6.3 indentersha1.1.bediamondmtheManii75Xtonsthsbuu1.ddu!np!pddi1.(ny!ithdtf1.hk1.diaguimVMmbiionRto1.Mi,rerni1.iDc25QMHf1.tiksstheedgeofthefie1.dofview.随TEprovid
27、iid&就帕Q品礴源碰旭瞰寤mer,fitati*s槐asu袍眼瞄由&system.%oftheCameMSfie1.dofThereso1.utionrequiredofthediagona1.measuringsystemdepeudonthesizeofthesma1.1.estRf春邮而心傀嵇酶fr庶他白曲肺W雁箱由亵瓢蜥起旅螂曲赞拙11Mthen三dsca1.eandthestep-sizeofanystagemovement,whereapp1.icab1.e,shou1.dbetakenintoaccount.Tab1.e2-Reso1.utionofthemeasuringsy
28、stemDiagona1.1.engthdReso1.utionofthemeasuringsystemd0,020grwdpthf(rfdprodaotindintation.7.2 PreparationSurfacepreparationsha1.1.becarriedoutinsuchawayastopreventsurfacedamage,ora1.terationofthesurfacehardnessduetoexcessiveheatingorco1.d-working.Duetothesma1.1.depthofKnoophardnessindentations,itises
29、sentia1.thatspecia1.precautionsbetakenduringpreparation.Itisrecommendedtouseapo1.ishing/e1.ectropo1.ishingtechniquethatisadaptedto史泮盟涉然Measured.%GgRH秋碓ngtKfhta燎“t晶#Wr三fe6三nISMiSib*st蜘HiJnesNethetest1.en求糕罹hethetest.Forit淘枯U1.邮i品丽闻Intea飒树ectigh旗炳nerirreg0三fietaHOgra冈西爆播网师3胪。玷弟沔帏肥d慌rteria1.sothatitisa
30、dequate1.ysupportedanddoesnotmoveduringtheforceapp1.ication.7.5 Meta1.1.icandotherinorganiccoatingsAnnexFspecifiesadditiona1.proceduresandrequirements,whichsha1.1.beapp1.iedwhendeterminingtheKnoophardnessofmeta1.1.icandotherinorganiccoatings.8 Procedure8.1 TesttemperatureCarriedcontro1.1.edatemperat
31、ureOutsidemadeatteneraturebeoftoted5)thetestreport.Testscarriedout8.2Testforcethatresu1.tinindentationswitha1.ongdiagona1.Typica1.thanforcesmn.NApproximatekgfequiva1.entNotanSIunit.8.3 PeriodicverificationforcetcstusedforceisisrecommendedperiodicverificationSha1.1.periodicVerificationtherecommendedw
32、henever8.4 Testpiecesupportforeigndisp1.ace11ent(sca1.es,affectsetc.).ItimportantnotoccurduringtesUng.firm1.yOnthesupportsothat8.5 FocusontestsurfaceNOTESometestingmachinesdonotrequirethatthemicroscopebefocusedonthespecimensurface.(DISO2023-A1.1.rightsreservedThetestisnorma1.1.ycarriedoutatambientte
33、mperaturewithinthe1.imitsof10to35.Ifthetestisunderoutatconditionssha1.1.bethisrange,itsha1.1.(23in.ThetestforcesgiveninTab1.e3aretypica1.Othertestforcesmaybeused.Testforcessha1.1.bechosenTab1.e3not1.esstest0,020Hardnesssca1.eTestforceva1.ue,FTheperiodicverificationdefinedinnnexsha1.1.beperformedwith
34、inaweekpriortouseforeachtestthebutchanged.Theonthedayuse.Thebedonewheneverisindenterischanged.Thetestpiecesha1.1.bep1.acedonarigidsupportThesupportsurfacessha1.1.bec1.eanandfreefromanymatterthatOi1.diruthctestisresukdocsthatthetestpiece1.iesThediagona1.measuringsystemmicroscopesha1.1.befocusedsothat
35、thespecimensurfaceandthedesiredtest1.ocationcanbeobserved.8.6 Testforceapp1.icationTheindentersha1.1.bebroughtintocontactwiththetestsurfaceandthetestforcesha1.1.beapp1.iedinadttmnnth1.ppffdj1.xdIinut11tiHif1.face,frohhfiishoibpaniionofoftiwer1.oad,unt41.theftriifipp1.iedforceisreachedsha1.1.be7ss.IS
36、NOTE1Therequirementsforthetimedurationsaregivenwithasymmetric1.imits.Forexamp1.e.7-sindicatesthat7sisthenomina1.timeduration,withanacceptab1.erangeofnot1.essthan2S(ca1.cu1.atedas7s-5s)tonotmorethan8S(ca1.cu1.atedas7s+1s).Theindentersha1.1.ContaCtthetestpieceatave1.ocity0,070mns.Thedurationofthetestf
37、orcesha1.1.be14ebetrtrfrf1.fccOzOO1measurements.TheNOTE2he1.pfu1.techniqueforadjustingoptica1.systemsthathaveKoh1.eri1.1.uminationisgiveninAnnexE.院theSh那H明int晒d瞰济tati叩阴冲性Hbnas拙由。幽叫IiW张仲闻隹1.oagaSJethsi谕3*ftegmeHtedifferencebetweenthetwosegmentsisgreaterthan5%ofthe1.engthofthe1.ongdiagona1.,checkthepa
38、ra1.1.e1.ismbetweenthesupportingp1.aneandthemeasuringp1.aneofthespecimenandeventua1.1.y,thea1.ignmentdiscarded.oftheindentertothespecimen.Testresu1.tswithdeviationsgreaterthan5%shou1.dbeThisdocumentisnotapp1.icab1.etoindentationshavingdiagona1.1.engths0,020mm.Hardness田W%即寸辖册W,患夕/T1.erindentatiOnsize
39、scanbemadeinaccordancewithISO14577-1,8.10 Ca1.cu1.ationofhardnessva1.ueCa1.cu1.atetheKnoophardnessva1.ueusingtheformu1.agiveninTab1.e1.TheKnoophardnessva1.uecan9soHnct1.nintyifie(e8uiintab1.esgiveninISO4545-4.Acomp1.eteeva1.uationoftheuncertaintyshou1.dbedoneaccordingtoJCGM100:2008.同Independentofthetypeofsources,forhardness,therearetwopossibi1.itiesforthedeterminationoftheuncertainty.Onepossibi1.ityisbasedontheeva1.uationofa1.1.re1.evantsourcesappearingduringadirectca1.ibration.Asareference,aEurametguide1.inewisavai1.ab1.e.Theotherpossibi1.ityisbasedonindirectca1.ibrationus
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