1、INTERNATIONA1.STANDARDISO/IEC3532-1Firstedition2023-06Informationtechno1.ogyMedica1.image-basedmode1.1.ingfor3Dprinting一f飘篁a1.requirementsTechno1.ogiesdeinformationMode1.isationmedicatedbased,imagespourimpression3D-Panie1:Exigencesgenera1.esReferencenumberISO/IEC35321.:2023(E)ISO/IEC2023COPYRIGHTPRO
2、TECTEDDOCUMENTIS0/1EC2023IUirhM*hedbdi1.iUedotherwiseupdhi.or啪UIBndttaeDmkfifiU81.andonnet8CH-1214Vernier,GenevaPhone：M1.22749O1.11觥ftte:丽丽BQrgPub1.ishedinSwitzer1.andInformationtechno1.ogyMedica1.image-basedmode1.1.ingfor3Dprinting一Genera1.requirements1 Scopemedica1.app1.iestinnsxomputedtomography3
3、D(CT)mode1.1.inga1.sospecifiestheprincipa1.considerations2 Normativereferencesconstitutesrequirements1.atesteditiondocument.referencedreferences,(inc1.udingamendments)app1.ies.app1.ies.Terms,definitionsandabbreviatedIermsprindp1.es-Fundamenta1.sandVocabu1.aryandthefo1.1.owingapp1.y,document,theterms
4、anddefinitionsgiveninISO1EC2382,ISOSTM529003 .1Termsanddefinitions3.1.1imageacquisition3.1.2s1.icedistances1.icespacing3.1.3hardtissuedeformab1.emode1.-basedsegmentation：activecontourmode1.,1.eve1.-setmethod;at1.as-basedsegmentation:activeshapemode1.,activeappearancemode1.s,1.abe1.fusion;supervised(
5、e.g.ANN,SVM),unsupervised(e.g.K-meansSegmentationofbonystructuresfromCTscannedimagedatahasthereforebenefitedfrommu1.tip1.e麻眠IJ照驱WthmiC(枯叙ft腺麻靛麒!cribe拗他施S胭住em瞅筋珊解猊渊搦/脚鼎微SiOnSwhereashapeisassumedtohavciDeenapproximate1.yrecognizedbutad)ustebasedonthedata.Evenmoreadvancedtechniquesinc1.udetheshaperperc
6、eptiontore1.ayonmu1.tip1.epreconceivedshape而啾e(丽相桐牒!和阿健thodsusingw帆Iw删却nsmartc卿*ear/#娜腐IIWgrowingdatabase(at1.as)anddecisionprocesses.Toidentifyandsegmentationaredso1.atevoxe1.sthatrepresentanyanatomyofinterest,twoimp1.ementationsofa)assigningamasktoadatasetindicatingactivevoxe1.s;orb)de1.etion/remo
7、va1.ofvoxe1.snotinc1.udedinsegmentation.Thresho1.d-basedsegmentation,common1.yusedinintensity-basedsegmentation,usespixe1.brightnessandpatternsthroughouttheDICOMdatatoiso1.ateorremovestructures.Thethresho1.d-basedmethod帆油阳1趣用益由印nin新1.咏腕帐CS麻岫册丽dM1.!1三H8hSO“由咿厢&g黑脚1.ncanbechanged.Wheneverthissemi-auto
8、maticmethodcannotcoverthewho1.eROIrmanua1.segmentationwi1.1.recoverthemissingpart.Theboundariesresu1.tingfortheROIortissueOfinterest觊幽8做郴碗超8照tor况W三fe由舐三8ta三三n,s三)ncontourmode1.isaparameterizedcurveorsurfacewhichiterative1.yevo1.vestowardthedesiredboundaryoftheanatomyaccordingtotheenergyminimizationc
9、riterion.Thismode1.isrobusttoboth职陪WIiHH肌螭懈盼。硼曲蜩%Ey延悔期蜩捅esd酰部岫MnYHte，er,SPii魄ormergingoftheanatomy.5S1.af?J8Fationinatio?fabas6rrnfiaJV*ca1.aseaatomicstructure1.abe1.sandattemptstoInmachine1.earning-basedsegmentation,asanexamp1.e,K-meansc1.usteringisawaytoidentifygroups喇ft喇“睫g哪或解解tonufi世聊路由却做跳帧粉瞬醐琳的
10、esinc1.udedistance.K-meansc1.usteringandFuzzyC-meansc1.usteringaresimi1.arinapproaches.ThemaindifferenceisthatinFuzzyC-meansc1.ustering,eachpixe1.(orvoxe1.)hasaweightassociatedwithaparticu1.arduster,whichmeansthatthereisaWoakorstrongassociationinthatc1.uster.Theminimizationoferrorsduringsegmentation
11、ofbodypart5ofinterestiscritica1.Therearesevera1.knowncritica1.issues,andthereforeaverificationprocesssha1.1.bemadebeforeproceedingfurther.的由路三eexg或、的冏I出eshou4原oritedautomatedsegmentationwhichisprovidedbyadefau1.tHUdoesnotcomp1.ete1.yrecovert11ebonystructure.Theoperatorsha1.1.furtheradjusttheextentof
12、thesegmentationmanua1.1.y.Acommonor曲岫|地f番腌meBH由B展魁61.egmentationisa1.soprob1.ematicfordesigningimp1.antsMethodsOfsegmentationareautomaticsemi-automaticandmanua1.Formedica1.imagesegmentation,thefo1.1.owingpointssha1.1.beaddressed：-forminimizationoferrorsduringthisjob.operatorsshou1.dknowwhichsegmenta
13、tiontechniqueismost1.yusedintheirimagingsoftwareandbequa1.ifiedinthattechnique；SU1.diItnnMmkbi“n户网MnvhIdadfaCtIiha再平MfretWSrt身格fiWAdef1.nes鼠rifcft商也如Ze(orsizerange)ofthetriang1.esneeds themedica1.professiona1.scaringforthetargetpatientssha1.1.checkthe31)mode1.accordingtotheirc1.inica1.purposes; theo
14、peratorsha1.1.reviewthefeasibi1.ityofsegmentedimagesfor3Dvisua1.ization; verificationorassessmentprocessesfor3Dmode1.1.edimages.Verificationandva1.idationofany3Dmcx1.e1.isbeneficia1.,evenifitisperformedon1.yatthestartforthesegmentationprocessandreconstructionmode1.1.ingprocessandeveryuserwhoperforms
15、it.Thiscanbedoneinavarietyofways,butmostareoutsidethescopeofthisdocumentCaresha1.1.betakentounderstandandPreSerVetheorigina1.and1.oca1.coordinatesystemofthe3Dmode1.asproducedbythesegmentationand3Dreconstructionsoftwaretoo1.s.Theorigina1.and1.oca1.orientationofthe1.oca1.coordinatesystemaxeswi1.1.have
16、importantimp1.icationsonhowthemode1.isthenuti1.ized.6.5 Ca1.ibrationandva1.idationof2Dand3DconversionThisca1.ibrationissueshou1.dbeaddressedtosetthesca1.eandunitsintheST1.fi1.e(orotherstandardfi1.eformat)andforthedeve1.opmentofpropermethodsforca1.ibrationofsoftware.Theovera1.1.sca1.eandunitsoftheST1
17、fi1.e(orotherstandardfi1.eformat)sha1.1.bechecked.A1.so,theoriginoftheST1.fi1.esha1.1.becheckedifthisisusedinfurtherprocesses(e.g.designingsurgica1.guides,surgica1.p1.anning,patientsspecificimp1.antsorimp1.antdesign).The3Dmode1.sarcnotidentica1.totheorigina1.structuresandwi1.1.inevitab1.yvaryfromth
18、eorigina1.anatomica1.structuresbecauseofamu1.titudeoferrorspropagatedfromtheorigina1.imagingaccuracy/禅SMtWorfe研制HWionMasres耐计婀。桥像研聊俗Ee砥ICieSregions.Thesegeometricdistortionsareduetoimperfectionsineachbui1.dingsteporthese1.ectionofnonoptima1.parameterswithinthem.However,thecontributionofeachofthesest
19、epstotheovera1.1.errorremainsunc1.ear.Forca1.ibrationandva1.idationof2Dand3Dconversion,thefo1.1.owingpointssha1.1.beaddressed： sAcMtH%AdditivemanufacturingGenera1.princip1.es-Part2:Overviewofprocesscategories8qg(TtV1.Pi期j39制心阳西Htf厢factoringGenera1.princip1.esPart3:Maincharacteristicsand91OISO/ASTM52
20、950,AdditivemanufacturingGenera1.princip1.esOverviewofdataprocessing(j1.jn1.ndustria1.automationsystemsandintegrationJTfi1.eformatspecificationfor3D11 T*Vt1.mK(Ii肌Non-de$tructivetestingRadiationmethodsforcomputedtomographyPart1:12 利伊f三G0H编”圆翻?飒施峥G腋阳fi缁Mf以晔舛如HU师辱sens”。and13 TStf冽效加f,P7%ft1.的(FWfrnishesEva1.uationofdefectsoncoatedsurfacesusingoptica1.imaging145W651-1:2012,E1.ectronicdocumentmanagementVocabu1.aryPart1:E1.ectronicdocument15，蛤，ASTMTR52916,Additivemanufacturingformedica1.DataOptimizedmedica1.image
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