1、2018年6月大学英语六级考试真题（第1套）PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayontheimportanceofbuildingtrustbetweenemployersandemployers.Youcanciteexamplestoillustrateyourviews.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartIISectionAListeningComprehension(30minutes
2、)Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversationsAttheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withas
3、inglelinethroughthecentre.Questionslto4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1. A)Itisatypicalsalad.8) ItisaSpanishsoup.2. A)Tomakeitthicker.8) Tomakeitmorenutritious.3. A)Itcontainsverylittlefat.B) Itusesoliveoilincooking.4.A)Itdoesnotgostalefortwoyears.B) Ittakesnospecialskilltoprepare.C) Itis
4、aweirdvegetable.D) Itisakindofspicyfood.C) Toaddtoitsappeal.D) Toreplaceaningredient.C) Itusesnoartificialadditives.D) Itismainlymadeofvegetables.C) Itcomesfromaspecialkindofpig.D) Itisadelicacyblendedwithbread.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5. A)Theycomeinagreatvariety.8) Th
5、eydonotmakedecentgifts.6. A)$30-$40.8) $40-$50.7. A)Theyareahealthychoiceforelderlypeople.8) TheyareespeciallypopularamongItalians.8. A)ItiswineimportedfromCalifornia.B) Itislessspicythanallotherredwines.SectionBC) Theydonotvarymuchinprice.D) TheygowellwithItalianfood.C) $50-$60.D) Around$150.C) The
6、ysymbolizegoodhealthandlongevity.D) Theygowellwithdifferentkindsoffood.C) Itisfarmoreexpensivethanheexpected.D) ItisItaly,smostfamoustypeofredwine.Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.A
7、fteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9. A)Leamingothers,secrets.C)Decodingsecretmessages.B) Searchingforinformation.D)Spreadi
8、ngsensationalnews.10 .A)TheyhelpedtheU.S.armyinWorldWarII.B) Theycouldwritedownspokencodespromptly.C) Theywereassignedtodecodeenemymessages.D) Theyweregoodatbreakingenemysecretcodes.11 .A)ImportantbattlesfoughtinthePacificWar.B)Decodingofsecretmessagesinwartimes.C) Amilitarycodethatwasneverbroken.D)
9、NavajoIndians,contributiontocodebreaking.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.12. A)A11serviceswillbepersonalized.B) Alotofknowledge-intensivejobswillbereplaced.C)Technologywillrevolutionizeallsectorsofindustry.D)Moreinformationwillbeavailable.13. A)Intheroboticsindustry.8) Intheinfor
10、mationservice.14. A)Theychargehighprices.8) Theyneedlotsoftraining.C) Inthepersonalcaresector.D) Inhigh-endmanufacturing.C) Theycatertotheneedsofyoungpeople.D) Theyfocusoncustomers,specificneeds.15. A)Therisingdemandineducationandhealthcareinthenext20years.B)Thedisruptioncausedbytechnologyintraditio
11、nallywell-paidjobs.C)Thetremendouschangesnewtechnologywillbringtopeople,slives.D)Theamazingamountofpersonalattentionpeoplewouldliketohave.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion
12、youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16. A)ItwasthelongestroadinancientEgypt.8) Itwasconstructedsome500yearsago.17. A)Sawsusedforcuttingstone.
13、8) Tracesleftbyearlyexplorers.18. A)Totransportstonestoblockfloods.B) Toprovideservicesforthestonepit.C) Tolinkthevariousmonumentsites.C) Itlay8milesfromthemonumentsites.D) Itlinkedastonepittosomewaterways.C)Anancientgeographicalmap.D)Somestonetoolsegments.D)ToconnectthevillagesalongtheNile.Question
14、s19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.19. A)Dr.Gongdidn,tgivehimanyconventionaltests.B) Dr.Gongmarkedhisofficewithahand-paintedsign.C) Dr.Gongdidn,taskhimanyquestionsabouthispain.D) Dr.Gongslippedinneedleswherehefeltnopain.20. A)Hehadheardofthewondersacupuncturecouldwork.B) Dr.Gongwasveryfam
15、ousinNewYork,sChinatown.C) Previousmedicaltreatmentsfailedtorelievehispain.D) Hefoundtheexpensivemedicaltestsunaffordable.21. A)Moreandmorepatientsaskforthetreatment.B) Acupuncturetechniqueshavebeenperfected.C) Itdoesn,tneedtheconventionalmedicaltests.D) Itdoesnothaveanynegativesideeffects.Questions
16、22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.22. A)TheywereonthevergeOfbreakingup.B) Theywerecompatibledespitedifferences.C) Theyquarreledalotandneverresolvedtheirarguments.D) Theyarguedpersistentlyaboutwhethertohavechildren.23. A)Neitherofthemhasanybrothersorsisters.B) Neitherofthemwontheirparents9
17、favor.C) Theyweren,tspoiledintheirchildhood.D) Theydidn,tliketobetheappleoftheirparents9eyes.24. A)Theyareusuallygoodatmakingfriends.B) Theytendtobeadventurousandcreative.C) Theyareoftencontentwithwhattheyhave.D) Theytendtobeself-assuredandresponsible.C) Theyareleastlikelytotakeinitiative.D) Theyusu
18、allyhavesuccessfulmarriages.25. A)Theyenjoymakingfriends.8) Theytendtobewelladjusted.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroug
19、hcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ScientistsscanningandmappingtheGizapyramidss
20、aythey,vediscoveredthatGreatPyramidofGizaisnotexactlyeven.Butreallynotbymuch.Thispyramidistheoldestoftheworld,sSevenWonders.Thepyramid,sexactsizehas26expertsforcenturies,asthe“morethan21acresofhard,whitecasingstones“thatoriginallycovereditwere27longago.Reportinginthemostrecentissueofthenewsletter“AE
21、RAGRAM,“which28theworkortheAncientEgyptResearchAssociates,engineerGlenDashsayshisteamusedanewmeasuringapproachthatinvolvedfindinganysurviving29_,ofthecasinginordertodeterminewheretheoriginaledgewas.Theyfoundtheeastsideofthepyramidtobea30of5.5inchesshorterthanthewestside.Thequestionthatmost31him,howe
22、ver,isn,thowtheEgyptianswhodesignedandbuiltthepyramidgotitwrong4,500yearsage,buthowtheygotitsocloseto32WecanonlyspeculateastohowtheEgyptianscouldhavelaidouttheselineswithSUCh33USingonlythetoolstheyhad,“Dashwrites.Hesayshis34isthattheEgyptianslaidouttheirdesignonagrid,notingthatthegreatpyramidisorien
23、tedonly35awayfromthecardinaldirections(itsnorth-southaxisruns3minutes54secondswestofduenorth,whileitseast-westaxisruns3minutes51secondsnorthofdueeast)一anamountthat,stiny,butsimilar,archeologistAtlasObscurapointsout.A)chroniclesI)perfectB)completeJ)precisionC)establishedK)puzzledD)fascinatesL)remnant
24、sE)hypothesisM)removedF)maximumN)revelationsG)momentumO)slightlyH)mysteriouslySectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphm
25、orethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.PeerPressureHasaPositiveSideA. Parentsofteenagersoftenviewtheirchildrensfriendswithsomethinglikesuspicion.Theyworrythattheadolescentpeergrouphasthepowertopushitsmembersintobehaviorthatisfooli
26、shandevendangerous.Suchwarinessiswellfounded:statisticsshow,forexample,thatateenagedriverwithasame-agepassengerinthecarisathigherriskofafatalcrashthananadolescentdrivingaloneorwithanadult.B. Ina2005study,psychologistLaurenceSteinbergofTempleUniversityandhisco-author,psychologistMargoGardner,thenatTe
27、mple,divided306peopleintothreeagegroups:youngadolescents,withameanageof14;olderadolescents,withameanageof19;andadults,aged24andolder.Subjectsplayedacomputerizeddrivinggameinwhichtheplayermustavoidcrashingintoawallthatmaterializes,withoutwarning,ontheroadway.SteinbergandGardnerrandomlyassignedsomepar
28、ticipantstoplayaloneorwithtwosame-agepeerslookingon.C. Olderadolescentsscoredabout50percenthigheronanindexofriskydrivingwhentheirpeerswereintheroom-andthedrivingofearlyadolescentswasfullytwiceasrecklesswhenotheryoungteenswerearound.Incontrast,adultsbehavedinsimilarwaysregardlessofwhethertheywereonth
29、eirownorobservedbyothers.Thepresenceofpeersmakesadolescentsandyouth,butnotadults,morelikelytotakerisks,“SteinbergandGardnerconcluded.D. Yetintheyearsfollowingthepublicationofthisstudy,Steinbergbegantobelievethatthisinterpretationdidnotcapturethewholepicture.Asheandotherresearchersexaminedthequestion
30、ofwhyteensweremoreapttotakerisksinthecompanyofotherteenagers,theycametosuspectthatacrowdsinfluenceneednotalwaysbenegative.Nowsomeexpertsareproposingthatweshouldtakeadvantageoftheteenbrain,skeensensitivitytothepresenceoffriendsandleverageittoimproveeducation.E. Ina2011study,Steinbergandhiscolleaguest
31、urnedtofunctionalMRI(磁共振)toinvestigatehowthepresenceofpeersaffectstheactivityintheadolescentbrain.Theyscannedthebrainsof40teensandadultswhowereplayingavirtualdrivinggamedesignedtotestwhetherplayerswouldbrakeatayellowlightorspeedonthroughthecrossroad.EThebrainsofteenagers,butnotadults,showedgreaterac
32、tivityintworegionsassociatedwithrewardswhentheywerebeingobservedbysame-agepeersthanwhenalone.Inotherwords,rewardsaremoreintenseforteenswhentheyarewithpeers,whichmotivatesthemtopursuehigher-riskexperiencesthatmightbringabigpayoff(suchasthethrillofjustmakingthelightbeforeitturnsred).ButSteinbergsuspec
33、tedthistendencycouldalsohaveitsadvantages.Inhislatestexperiment,publishedonlineinAugust,SteinbergandhiscolleaguesusedacomputerizedversionofacardgamecalledtheIowaGamblingTasktoinvestigatehowthepresenceofpeersaffectsthewayyoungpeoplegatherandapplyinformation.G. Theresults:TeenswhoplayedtheIowaGambling
34、Taskundertheeyesoffellowadolescentsengagedinmoreexploratorybehavior,learnedfasterfrombothpositiveandnegativeoutcomes,andachievedbetterperformanceonthetaskthanthosewhoplayedinsolitude.WhatourstudysuggestsisthatteenagersIeammorequicklyandmoreeffectivelywhentheirpeersarepresentthanwhentheyreontheirOWnJ
35、Steinbergsays.Andthisfindingcouldhaveimportantimplicationsforhowwethinkabouteducatingadolescents.H. MatthewD.Lieberman,asocialcognitiveneuroscientistattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,andauthorofthe2013bookSocial:WhyOurBrainsAreWiredtoConnect,suspectsthatthehumanbrainisespeciallyadeptatlearnings
36、ociallysalientinformation.Hepointstoaclassic2004studyinwhichpsychologistsatDartmouthCollegeandHarvardUniversityusedfunctionalMRItotrackbrainactivityin17youngmenastheylistenedtodescriptionsofpeoplewhileconcentratingoneithersociallyrelevantcues(forexample,tryingtoformanimpressionofapersonbasedonthedes
37、cription)ormoresociallyneutralinformation(suchasnotingtheorderofdetailsinthedescription).Thedescriptionswerethesameineachcondition,butpeoplecouldbetterrememberthesestatementswhengivenasocialmotivation.I. Thestudyalsofoundthatwhensubjectsthoughtaboutandlaterrecalleddescriptionsintermsoftheirinformati
38、onalcontent,regionsassociatedwithfactualmemory,suchasthemedialtemporallobe,becameactive.Butthinkingaboutorrememberingdescriptionsintermsoftheirsocialmeaningactivatedthedorsomedialprefrontalcortex-partofthebrainssocialnetwork-evenastraditionalmemoryregionsregisteredlowlevelsofactivity.Morerecently,as
39、hereportedina2012review,Liebermanhasdiscoveredthatthisregionmaybepartofadistinctnetworkinvolvedinsociallymotivatedlearningandmemory.Suchfindings,hesays,suggestthat“thisnetworkcanbecalledontoprocessandstorethekindofinformationtaughtinschoolpotentiallygivingstudentsaccesstoarangeofuntappedmentalpowers
40、/9J. Ifhumansaregenerallygearedtorecalldetailsaboutoneanother,thispatternisprobablyevenmorepowerfulamongteenagerswhoareveryattentivetosocialdetails:whoisin,whoisout,wholikeswhom,whoismadatwhom.Theirpenchantforsocialdramaisnot-ornotonly-awayofdistractingthemselvesfromtheirschoolworkorofdrivingadultsc
41、razy.Itisactuallyaneurological(神经的)sensitivity,initiatedbyhormonalchanges.Evolutionarilyspeaking,peopleinthisagegroupareatastageinwhichtheycanpreparetofindamateandstarttheirownfamilywhileseparatingfromparentsandstrikingoutontheirown.Todothissuccessfully,theirbrainpromptsthemtothinkandevenobsessabout
42、others.K. Yetourschoolsfocusprimarilyonstudentsasindividualentities.Whatwouldhappenifeducatorsinsteadtookadvantageofthefactthatteensarepowerfullycompelledtothinkinsocialterms?InSocial,Liebermanlaysoutanumberofwaystodoso.HistoryandEnglishcouldbepresentedthroughthelensofthepsychologicaldrivesofthepeop
43、leinvolved.OnecouldthereforepresentNapoleonintermsofhisdesiretoimpressorChurchillintermsofhislonelymelancholy.Lessinherentlyinterpersonalsubjects,suchasmath,couldacquireasocialaspectthroughteamproblemsolvingandpeertutoring.Researchshowsthatwhenweabsorbinformationinordertoteachittosomeoneelse,weIeami
44、tmoreaccuratelyanddeeply,perhapsinpartbecauseweareengagingoursocialcognition.L. Andalthoughanxiousparentsmaynotwelcomethenotion,educatorscouldturnadolescentrecklessnesstoacademicends.Risktakinginaneducationalcontextisavitalskillthatenablesprogressandcreativity,wroteSarah-JayneBlakemore,acognitiveneu
45、roscientistatUniversityCollegeLondon,inareviewpublishedlastyear.Yet,shenoted,manyyoungpeopleareespeciallyriskaverseatschool-afraidthatonelowtestscoreormediocregradecouldcostthemaspotataselectiveuniversity.Weshouldassuresuchstudentsthatrisk,andevenpeerpressure,canbeagoodthing-aslongasithappensinthecl
46、assroomandnotthecar.36. Itisthoughtprobablethatthehumanbrainisparticularlygoodatpicking-upsociallyimportantinformation.37. Itcanbeconcludedfromexperimentthatthepresenceofpeersincreasesrisk-takingbyadolescentsandyouth.38. Studentsshouldbetoldthatrisk-takingintheclassroomcanbesomethingpositive.39. The
47、urgeoffindingamateandgettingmarriedaccountsforadolescents9greaterattentiontosocialinteractions.40. AccordingtoSteinberg,thepresenceofpeersincreasesthespeedandeffectivenessofteenagers,leaning.41. Teenagers,parentsareoftenconcernedaboutnegativepeerinfluence.42. Activatingthebrain,ssocialnetworkinvolve
48、dinsociallymotivatedlearningandmemorymayallowstudentstotapunusedmentalpowers.43. Thepresenceofpeerintensifiesthefeelingofrewardsinteens,brains.44. Whenweabsorbinformationforthepurposeofimpartingittoothers,wedosowithgreatersecretaryanddepth.45. Someexpertsaresuggestingthatweturnpeerinfluencetogooduseineducation.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2wi
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