1、IntroductionDescription 概述概述Classification 分类分类Causes 病因病因Symptoms 症状症状Pathlogical Changes 病变病变Exams and Tests临床检查临床检查Treatment 治疗治疗Outlook(Prognosis)预后预后Prevention 预防预防Gastric Cancer referstocancerarisingfromanypartofthestomach.Stomachcancercausesabout800,000deathsworldwideperyear.Gastric Carcinoma
2、 isthemostcommoncauseofdeathinmalignanttumorsofalimentarysysteminChina.Description-Definitioncarcinomak:sinum n.癌malignantmlinnt adj.恶性的alimentarylimentri adj.消化的Location:mainlyalongthegastriclessercurvatureside(80.3%),predominantlyintheantrum(56.4%)Ahigherincidenceinmalesthanfemaleswitharatioof2:13
3、1.Itusuallyappearsinfourthandsixthdecadeoflife.ThisformofgastriccancerisverycommoninJapan,Chile,andIceland.Description-Features gastric lesser curvature(k:vt,-t)side 胃小弯侧predominantlyprdmnntl adv.大部分，多半Antrumntrm n.窦，腔，房incidenceinsidns n.发病率 Stomachcancerworldmap-DeathWHO(世界卫生组织)2004Age-standardis
4、ed deathrates(年龄标准化死亡率)fromStomach cancerbycountry(per100,000inhabitants(居民).Description-FeaturesSeveraldifferenttypesofcancercanoccurinthestomach.Themostcommontypeiscalledadenocarcinoma,whichstartsfromoneofthecommoncelltypesfoundintheliningofthestomach.Gastriccancer胃恶性肿瘤Gastriccarcinoma(Adenocarcin
5、oma)95%(arisingfromtheepithelium来源于上皮组织)胃腺癌Gastricsarcoma5%(ArisingfromMesenchymaltissue来源于间叶组织)胃肉瘤（教材未提及）Classificationadenocarcinomaadenocarcinomadinudinuk:sinum n.k:sinum n.腺癌the lining(the lining(衬里,内层)of)of the stomach:the stomach:胃壁MesenchymalmesekimMesenchymalmesekiml adj.l adj.间叶细胞的间叶细胞的,间充质
6、间充质的的Adenocarcinomaofthestomachisacommoncancerofthedigestivetractworldwide,Therateofmosttypesofgastricadenocarcinomahasgonedownovertheyears.Expertsthinkthedecreasemaybebecausepeopleareeatinglesssalted,cured,andsmokedfoods.ClassificationDigestive tract：消化道Salted：盐腌的Cured：熟化的，熏制的Smoked：烟熏过的CausesYouar
7、emorelikelytogetgastriccancerifyou:HaveafamilyhistoryofgastriccancerHaveaninfectionofthestomachbybacteriacalledHelicobacter pyloriHadapolyplargerthan2centimetersinyourstomachBacteria:bktiri n.细菌Helicobacterhelikbkt【医】缠绕杆菌属 pylori pail:rai n.幽门-Helicobacter pylori:幽门螺杆菌Polypplip n.息肉 Haveinflammation
8、andswellingofthestomachforalongtime(chronicatrophicgastritis)HaveperniciousanemiaSmokeCausesInflammation:nflmen n.医炎症Swelling:swel n.肿胀 chronic atrophictrfik gastritisgstrats:慢性萎缩性胃炎perniciouspns anemiani:mi:恶性贫血Abdominalfullness(腹胀)orpain(疼痛),whichmayoccuraftereatasmallmealDarkstools(黑便)Difficultys
9、wallowing(吞咽困难),whichbecomesworseovertimeExcessivebelching(嗳气/打嗝儿过度)Generaldeclineinhealth(全身健康机能减退)SymptomsAbdominal:bdmnl adj.腹部的 Belch:belt v.打嗝，嗳气Decline:diklain n.衰退 嗳嗳 i:打嗝儿，胃里的气从嘴里出来，并发出声音。打嗝儿，胃里的气从嘴里出来，并发出声音。Lossofappetite(食欲缺乏)Nausea(恶心)Vomiting,whichmaycontainblood(呕血)Weaknessorfatigue(疲劳)
10、Weightloss(体重减轻)SymptomsAppetite:pitait n.胃口，食欲Nausea:n:zi:,-,-si:,-n.作呕；恶心；反胃 Vomit:vmit vt.&vi.呕吐 Fatigue:fti:g n.疲劳 Earlygastriccancer:早期胃癌Thecancerhavenotinvadedthemuscularispropria(肌层)andarethereforelimitedtothemucosa(黏膜层)andsubmucosa(黏膜下层).Advancegastriccarcinoma:进展期胃癌Thecancerhaveinvadedthemu
11、scularispropriaorevenfurtherandbeyondthemucosaandsubmucosa.Pathlogical ChangesInvade:inveid vt.&vi.侵入 Muscularis:mskjulris肌层 Mucosa:mju:kus n.黏膜层 Propria:固有层 Protrudedtype(型隆起型)Superficialtype(型表浅型)Superficialelevatedtype(a型表浅隆起型)Superficialflattype(b型表浅平坦型)Superficialdepressedtype(c型表浅凹陷型)Excavated
12、type(型凹陷型)Pathlogical ChangesProtrude:prtru:d vt.使突出 Superficial:sju:pfil adj.表面（上）的 Excavate:ekskvet vt.挖掘；开凿(1)息肉型或蕈伞型polypoidorfungatingtype(2)溃疡型Ulcerativetype(3)浸润型Infiltratingtype进展期胃癌进展期胃癌大体类型大体类型 Pathlogical ChangesPolypoid:plipid息肉样 Fungating:fngeit 医真菌样生长 Ulcerative:lsrtiv adj.溃疡（性）的 Infil
13、trating:nfltret v.（使）渗透 Asuspiciousstomachulcerthatwasultimatelydiagnosedascanceronbiopsy(baipsi 活检)andresected(ri(:)sektid 切除).Thesurgicalspecimen(spesimn 外科手术样本)wassubsequently(sbsikwntli 随后，后来)keptforeducationalpurposes.Pathlogical ChangesAdenocarcinomaofthestomach(dinuk:sinum 腺癌)隶属溃疡型进展期胃癌，伴有溃疡形
14、成的胃癌有时需与消化性溃疡鉴别Endoscopic(endskpik 内窥镜)imageoflinitis(linaitis胃蜂窝织炎)plastica(plstik 塑料的),atypeofstomachcancerwheretheentirestomachisinvaded,leadingtoaleather(le 皮革)bottle-likeappearancewithbloodcomingoutofit.Pathlogical ChangesLinitis plastica 革囊胃 隶属浸润型进展期胃癌Diagnosisisoftendelayed(被推迟)becausesymptom
15、smaynotoccurintheearlystagesofthedisease(疾病早期阶段).Or,patientsmayself-treatsymptoms(自己治疗出现的一些症状)thatgastriccancerhasincommonwithother,lessseriousgastrointestinaldisorders(相对不那么严重的胃肠道疾病)(bloating(胃气胀),heartburn(胃灼热),andasenseoffullness(腹胀感).Exams and TestsGastrointestinalgstruintestnl disorders胃肠道病症Blo
16、atingblt胃气胀Heartburnh:tb:n胃灼热Thefollowingtestscanhelpdiagnosegastriccancer:Completebloodcount(CBC)tocheckforanemiaEsophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD)withbiopsytoexaminethestomachtissueStooltesttocheckforbloodinthestoolsExams and TestsComplete blood count(CBC)to check for anemia:贫血时检查全血细胞计数Esophagoasfg/g
17、astrogstr/duodenodju:udi:n/scopy(EGD):食道、胃、十二指肠镜检查Stool test to check for blood in the stools:大便中带血时检查粪便Surgerytoremovethestomach(gastrectomy)istheonlytreatmentthatcancurethecondition.Radiationtherapyandchemotherapymayhelp.Formanypatients,chemotherapyandradiationtherapyaftersurgerymayimprovethechanc
18、eofacure(提高治愈的可能性).Forpatientswhocannothavesurgery,chemotherapyorradiationcanimprovesymptomsandmayprolongsurvival(延长生存时间),butwilllikelynotcurethecancer.Forsomepatients,asurgicalbypassprocedure(外科旁路手术)mayrelievesymptoms(减轻症状).TreatmentGastrectomy:strektmi 胃切除术Radiationreidiein therapy:放疗Chemotherapyk
19、emuerpi:化疗Theoutlookvaries(预后情况).Tumorsinthelowerstomach(胃下部的肿瘤)arecuredmoreoftenthanthoseinthehigherstomach-gastriccardia(胃贲门)orgastroesophagealjunction(食管胃连接).Howfarthetumorinvadesthestomachwall(肿瘤侵袭胃壁的程度)andwhetherlymphnodes(淋巴结)areinvolved(是否已发生淋巴道转移)whenthepatientisdiagnosedaffectthechancesofac
20、ure(影响治愈的可能性).Whenthetumorhasspreadoutsidethestomach(肿瘤已经扩散到胃外时),acureisnotpossible(治愈已经不可能了)andthegoaloftreatmentistoimprovesymptoms(使症状好转).Outlook(Prognosis)gastric cardiak:di 胃贲门Gastroesophagealstruisfdi:l 食管胃的lymphlmf nodesnudz 淋巴结Mass screening programs(疾病普查程序疾病普查程序)havebeensuccessfulatdetectin
21、gdiseaseintheearlystages(疾病早期探测)inJapan,wheretheriskofgastriccancer(胃癌带来的危害)ismuchhigherthanintheUnitedStates.Thevalueofscreening(这种普查的价值)intheUnitedStatesandothercountrieswithlowerratesofgastriccancer(美国以及胃癌发病率较低的其它国家)isnotclear(尚不明确).PreventionThe following may help reduce your risk of gastric cancer:DontsmokeEatahealthy,balanceddietrichinfruitsandvegetablesTakeamedicationtotreatrefluxdisease,ifyouhaveitPreventionrefluxri:flks disease:胃食管反流病（简称GERD）是指胃十二指肠内容物反流入食管引起的以烧心反酸为主要特征的临床综合征
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