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1、.,the Passive Voice,（被动语态）,1,一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态,We speak English.,主语,谓语(vt.),宾语,English is spoken by us.,主语,谓语,宾语,主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。,汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示 英语用： 助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。,2,Read text-2,When can we use the passive voice?,不知道动作的执行者是谁，或没有必要指出动 作的执行者时。,My bike was stol
2、en last night. 昨晚我的自行车被偷了。 Letters are collected at eight every morning. 信件每天早晨八点收取。,The desk was made by Master Wang. 这张课桌是王师傅做的。 The bag was taken away by his sister. 那个包是她姐姐提走的。,2. 为了强调或突出动作的承受者时。,3,1. We clean the classroom every day. The classroom is cleaned by us every day. 2. They make shoes
3、in that factory. Shoes are made by them in that factory. 3. People plant trees in Spring. Trees are planted by people in Spring. 4. His mother usually washes dishes after dinner. Dishes are usually washed by his mother after dinner. 5. More and more people speak Chinese in the world. Chinese is spok
4、en by more and more people in the world.,4,二、 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化 主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。以 give 为例，列表如下： 一般现在时： 一般过去时： 一般将来时： 一般过去将来时： 现在进行时： 过去进行时： 现在完成时： 过去完成时: 将来完成时： 过去将来完成时：,am / is / are + done was / were + done shall / will + be done (is/are going to be done) should / would + be done am /
5、 is / are + being + done was / were + being + done have / has + been + done had + been + done shall / will + have been + done should / would + have been + done,5,三、常见时态中的被动语态 1. 一般现在时： (1)People grow rice in the south of the country. Rice is grown in the south of the country. (2)The school doesnt al
6、low us to enter the library without a teacher. We are not allowed to enter the library without a teacher.,6,2. 一般过去时： (1)My cousin bought a book yesterday. The book was bought by my cousin yesterday. (2) She designed the fashion clothes. The fashion clothes were designed by her. (3) They didnt speak
7、 English after class English wasnt spoken by them after class.,7,3. 一般将来时： (1)Her parents will send her abroad . She will be sent abroad by her parents. (2) We are going to hold a sports meeting tomorrow. A sports meeting is going to be hold tomorrow.,8,4. 现在进行时： (1) They are doing their homework on
8、 the computer now. Their homework is being done on the computer now. (2) We are painting the rooms. The rooms are being painted by us.,9,5. 过去进行时： (1)The workers were mending the road at 7 yesterday. The road was being mended at 7 yesterday. (2)This time last year we were planting trees here. Trees
9、were being planted here this time last year.,10,6. 现在完成时： (1)Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off. I have been told the sports meeting might be put off. (2)He has brought his book here. His book has been brought here.,11,四、 含有情态动词的被动语态： 含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+ be+ 及物动词的过去分词”构成。 (1)You
10、 must hand in your articles after class. Your articles must be handed in after class. (2)He can write many letters with the computer. Many letters can be written with the computer by him.,12,将下列主动语态转换成被动语态： 1. Has Peter answered all the questions? Have all the questions been answered by Peter? 2. Th
11、ey have found ways to reduce the pollution. Ways have been found to reduce the pollution. 3. Someone must take care of the children when we go out. The children must be taken care of when we go out.,13,4. Tom is repairing his bicycle now. His bicycle is being repaired by Tom now. 5. They wont hold t
12、he meeting until next Friday. The meeting wont be held until next Friday.,14,将下列被动语态转换成主动语态： 1. Your work should be done in an hour. You should do your work in an hour. 2. The job has been finished by Amy. Amy has finished the job. 3. A model plane is being made by Jerry. Jerry is making a model pla
13、ne.,15,4. The problem shall be discussed at tomorrows meeting. We shall discuss the problem at tomorrows meeting. 5. The letter may be written with a pencil. You may write the letter with a pencil. 6. Was the snow being removed by these workers at 8 yesterday morning. Were the workers removing the s
14、now at 8 yesterday morning?,16,1). 不及物动词(或者词组)没有被动语态。,如：belong to, happen, take place, last, come true, die, arrive, 等。,* Great changes have taken place in this city.,* That bike doesnt belong to Mike.,五、不用被动语态的几种情况：,17,不用被动语态的几种情况：,2) 表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态,have / fit / own,I have a TV set.,The coat fits
15、me well.,【正】Look at the blackboard，please 【误】The blackboard is looked at by you,3）祈使句一般没有被动语态。,18,4)反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。,【正】You must look after yourself 【误】Yourself must be looked after,19,不用被动语态的几种情况： 主动形式表被动意义,感官系动词没有被动语态,feel，look, seem, taste, sound, smell等,这鱼味道很好。,The fish tastes good.,这条围巾摸上去很
16、软。,The scarf feels soft.,20,这书很好卖。,这种布很好洗。,The book sells well.,This kind of cloth washes very well.,这书卖完了。,The book is sold out.,有些动词既是及物又是不及物动词， 用作不及物动词时和well, badly, easily等副词连用，表示主语内在品质或性能。 如：write, grow, print, sell, wash等,21,The house needs cleaning. 房子需要打扫了。 The house needs to be cleaned., 在n
17、eed, want, 等少数表示“需要”的动词,22,六、几种值得注意的被动语态变化,带复合宾语的被动语态结构,（）make sb. do sth. sb. be made to do sth.,Mr Green made Jim do his homework at home.,Jim was made to do his homework by Mr Green at home.,watch let have hear see notice,23,(2) see sb. doing sth. sb. be seen doing sth.,I saw him playing football
18、 at that moment.,He was seen playing football at that moment.,hear / watch /.,24,（3）We often hear them sing this song.,They are often heard to sing this song (by us).,This song is often heard (by us) to be sung (by them).,25,Bob sent Kate a letter last year.,=Kate was sent a letter by Bob last year.
19、,=A letter was sent to Kate by Bob last year.,tell ask bring write show give teach pass lend,to,2. 双宾语结构的被动语态,26,Mum made me a new dress.,I was made a new dress by Mum. A new dress was made for me by Mum.,make buy draw sing get,for,27,1. I was given a book by him.,He gave me a book. (变被动）,主语,谓语,间宾,直
20、宾,2. A book was given to me by him.,28,My mother bought me a birthday cake.,主语,谓语,间宾,直宾,1. I was bought a birthday cake by my mother.,2. A birthday cake was bought for me by my mother.,29,They said that he would come back soon.,It was said that he would come back soon.,3. It is reported / 据报道 believ
21、ed / 人们相信 hoped / 人们希望 said that . 据说,4. Who locked the door last Wednesday?,By whom was the door locked last Wednesday?,30,1.People use knives for cutting things. Knives _ _ for cutting things. 2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month. The windows of their classroom_ _ twic
22、e a month.,are used,are,cleaned,(变被动语态）,31,3.I found the ticket on the floor. _ _ _ _ on the floor. 4.I told her to return the book in time. She _ _ to return the book in time.,The ticket was found,was told,3. We found the ticket on the floor .,32,5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day. He
23、 _ _ _ _ only two meals a day. 6.Now people can use computers to help them. Now computers _ _ _ to help them.,was made to have,can be,used,33,7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year? _ _ _ _ at this time last time? 8.Must we finish our work today? _ our work_ _ today?,Were many trees plan
24、ted,Must be finished,34,9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps. 1) _ _ _ some wonderful stamps. 2) Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _.,we were given,were,given to us,35,10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer. Tom _ _ to turn on the computer. 11.In this factory women do most of the
25、 work. Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory.,was asked,is done,36,12.He can mend the bike in two days. The bike _ _ _ in two days. 13.You must take this medicine three times a day. This medicine _ _ _ three times a day.,can be mended,must be,taken,37,14.The students in this school study Ger
26、man. German _ _ by the students in this school. 15.Do they often talk about this question? _ this question often _ about _ _?,is studied,Is,talked,by them,38,wasnt invited,are sold,be done,have taken,was,built,be taken,1. -Why didnt you go to Jims birthday party?-Oh. I_(not invite) 2.-What do you wa
27、nt, sir?-Could you tell me if computers_(sell) in this shop. 3. -A lot of things should_(do) to protect the environment. -I agree with you. 4.Great changes_(take) place in my hometown since 1990. 5. -When _the bridge_(build)? Do you know?- Two years ago. 6. -Can I take the magazine out of the readin
28、g room? -Sorry Magazines of this kind cant_(take) out.,39,1. If city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at dinner A are not kept；will have toB are not kept；have C do not keep；will have to D do not keep；have to 2. The fifth generation computers, _ now. A. developed B. have devel
29、oped C. are being developed D. will have been developed3. - _ the sports meet might be put off - Yes，it all depends on the weather A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told,A,C,A,40,4. I need one more stamp before my collection _. A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is complet
30、ed 5. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut 6. The new bridge _ by the end of last month. A. has been designed B. had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed,D,C,B,41,7. Great
31、 changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _. A. have been taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set upC. have taken place; have set up D. were taken place; were set up8. That suit _ over 60 dollars. A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost9. - Look! Everything here is
32、 under construction. - Whats the pretty small house that _ for?A. is being built B. has been built C. is built D. is building 10.- Do you like the cloth? - Yes, it _ very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt,B,D,A,C,42,11. It is difficult for a foreigner _ Chinese A write B to write C to
33、be written D written 12. I have no more letters _ ，thank you A to type B typing C to be typed D typed13. Take care! Dont drop the ink on your shirt, for it _ easily. A. wont wash out B. wont be washed out C. isnt washed out D. isnt washing out,B,C,A,43,14. The computers on the table _ Professor Smit
34、h. A. belongs B. are belonged to C. belongs to D. belong to15. - What do you think of the book?-Oh, excellent. Its worth _ a second time. A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read16. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch 17. This page needed _ again.A. being checked B. checked C. to check D. to be checked,D,C,C,D,44,