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1、英语语言学期末考试试卷第一部分选择题I.Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.(2%X10=20%)1.SaussuresdistinctionandChomskysareverysimilar,buttheydifferinthat_.A.SaussuretookasociologicalviewoflanguagewhileChomskyto
2、okapsychologicalpointofviewB.SaussuretookapsychologicalviewoflanguagewhileChomskytookasociologicalpointofviewC.SaussuretookapragmaticviewoflanguagewhileChomskytookasemanticpointofviewD.SaussuretookastructuralviewoflanguagewhileChomskytookapragmaticpointofview2.Languageisasystemof_vocalsymbolsusedfor
3、humancommunication.A.unnaturalB.artificialC.superficialD.arbitrary3.Wearebornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguage,_.A.andthedetailsofanylanguagesystemaregeneticallytransmittedB.therefore,weneedntlearnthedetailsofourmothertongueC.butthedetailsoflanguagehavetobelearnt.D.andthedetailsareacquiredbyinstinct4.
4、A(n)_isaphonologicalunitofdistinctivevalue.Itisacollectionofdistinctivephoneticfeatures.A.phoneB.allophoneC.phonemeD.sound5.Themorphemeedintheword“worked”isa(n)_morpheme.A.derivationalB.inflectionalC.freeD.word-forming6.WH-movementis_inEnglishwhichchangesasentencefromaffirmativetointerrogative.A.obl
5、igatoryB.optionalC.selectionalD.arbitrary7.Namingtheory,oneoftheoldestnotionsconcerningmeaning,wasproposedby_.A.GriceB.PlatoC.SaussureD.OgdenandRichards8.“Johnmarriedablondheiress.”_“Johnmarriedablond.”A.issynonymouswithB.isinconsistentwithC.entailsD.presupposes9.Insemanticanalysisofasentence,thebas
6、icunitiscalled_,whichistheabstractionofthemeaningofasentence.A.utteranceB.referenceC.predicationD.morpheme10.InAustinsspeechacttheory,_istheactofexpressingthespeakersintention;itistheactperformedinsayingsomething.A.aperlocutionaryactB.alocutionaryactC.aconstativeactD.anillocutionaryact第二部分非选择题II.Dir
7、ections:Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinOnewordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%10=10%)11.P_relatesthestudyoflanguagetopsychology.Itaimstoanswersuchquestionsashowthehumanmindworkswhenpeopleusela
8、nguage.12.Ad_studyoflanguageisahistoricalstudy;itstudiesthehistoricaldevelopmentoflanguageoveraperiodoftime.13.Languageisasystem,whichconsistsoftwosetsofstructures,ortwolevels.Atthelowerlevel,thereisastructureofmeaninglesssounds,whichcanbecombinedintoalargenumberofmeaningfulunitsatthehigherlevel.Thi
9、sdesignfeatureiscalledd_.14.Thearticulatoryapparatusofahumanbeingiscontainedinthreeimportantareas:thepharyngealcavity,theo_cavityandthenasalcavity.15.Thelocalizationofcognitiveandperceptualfunctionsinaparticularhemisphereofthebrainiscalledl_.16.S_featuressuchasstress,toneandintonationcaninfluencethe
10、interpretationofmeaning.17.Phrasestructurerulescangenerateaninfinitenumberofsentences,andsentenceswithinfinitelength,duetotheirr_properties.18.H_referstothephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningsareidenticalinsoundorspelling,orinboth.19.Someimportantmissionsofhistoricallinguistsaretoidentifyandcl
11、assifyfamiliesofrelatedlanguagesinagenealogicalfamilytree,andtoreconstructthep_,theoriginalformofalanguagefamilythathasceasedtoexist.20.InSociolinguistics,speakersaretreatedasmembersofsocialgroups.Thesocialgroupisolatedforanygivenstudyiscalledthespeechc_.III.Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefollowing
12、statementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement.(2%10=20%)()21.Linguistsbelievethatwhateveroccursinthelanguagepeopleuseshouldbedescribedandanalyzedintheirinvestigation.()22.Languageisarbitraryinthesensethatthereisnointrinsicconnectionbetweenwordsandwhatthesewordsac
13、tuallyreferto.()23.Theconclusionswereachaboutthephonologyofonelanguagecanbegeneralizedintothestudyofanotherlanguage.()24.Themeaning-distinctivefunctionofthetoneisespeciallyimportantinEnglishbecauseEnglish,unlikeChinese,isatypicaltonelanguage.()25.Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguagearefiniteinnumber,andye
14、tthereisnolimittothenumberofsentencesnativespeakersofthatlanguageareabletoproduceandcomprehend.s()26.Whenwethinkofaconcept,weactuallytrytoseetheimageofsomethinginourmindeyeeverytimewecomeacrossalinguisticsymbol.()27.Allutterancescanberestoredtocompletesentences.Forexample,“Goodmorning!”canberestored
15、to“Iwishyouagoodmorning.”()28.Twopeoplewhoarebornandbroughtupinthesametownandspeakthesameregionaldialectmayspeakdifferentlybecauseofanumberofsocialfactors.()29.BlackEnglishislinguisticallyinferiortostandardEnglishbecauseBlackEnglishisnotassystematicasstandardEnglish.()30.Anychildwhoiscapableofacquir
16、ingsomeparticularhumanlanguageiscapableofacquiringanyhumanlanguagespontaneouslyandeffortlessly.IV.Directions:Explainthefollowingterms.(3%10=30%)31.parole:32.broadtranscription:33.allophones:34.phrasestructurerules:35.context36.HistoricalLinguistics:37.standardlanguage:38.linguistictaboo:39.accultura
17、tion:40.care-takerspeech:V.Answerthefollowingquestions.(10%2=20%)41.Enumeratethreecausesthatleadtothesystematicoccurrenceoferrorsinsecondlanguageacquisitionandgiveyourexamples.42.EnglishhasundergonetremendouschangessinceitsAnglo-Saxondays.Identifythemajorperiodsinitshistoricaldevelopmentandnamemajor
18、historicaleventsthatledtothetransitionfromoneperiodtothenext.参考答案第一部分选择题I.Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.(2%10=20%)1.A2.D3.C4.C5.B6.A7.B8.C9.C10.D第二部分非选择题II.Directions:Fillintheblankinea
19、chofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinOnewordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%10=10%)11.Psycholinguistics12.diachronic13.duality14.oral15.lateralization16.Suprasegmental17.recursive18.HmunityIII.Directions:Judgewhether
20、eachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement.(2%X10=20%)(T)21.Linguistsbelievethatwhateveroccursinthelanguagepeopleuseshouldbedescribedandanalyzedintheirinvestigation.(T)22.Languageisarbitraryinthesensethatthereisnointrinsicconnectionbetweenwor
21、dsandwhatthesewordsactuallyreferto.(F)23.Theconclusionswereachaboutthephonologyofonelanguagecanbegeneralizedintothestudyofanotherlanguage.(F)24.Themeaning-distinctivefunctionofthetoneisespeciallyimportantinEnglishbecauseEnglish,unlikeChinese,isatypicaltonelanguage.(T)25.Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguag
22、earefiniteinnumber,andyetthereisnolimittothenumberofsentencesnativespeakersofthatlanguageareabletoproduceandcomprehend.(F)26.Whenwethinkofaconcept,weactuallytrytoseetheimageofsomethinginourmindseyeeverytimewecomeacrossalinguisticsymbol.(F)27.Allutterancescanberestoredtocompletesentences.Forexample,“
23、Goodmorning!”canberestoredto“Iwishyouagoodmorning.”(T)28.Twopeoplewhoarebornandbroughtupinthesametownandspeakthesameregionaldialectmayspeakdifferentlybecauseofanumberofsocialfactors.(F)29.BlackEnglishislinguisticallyinferiortostandardEnglishbecauseBlackEnglishisnotassystematicasstandardEnglish.(T)30
24、.Anychildwhoiscapableofacquiringsomeparticularhumanlanguageiscapableofacquiringanyhumanlanguagespontaneouslyandeffortlessly.IV.Directions:Explainthefollowingterms.(3%X10=30%)31.parole:Itreferstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.Itisconcreteandvarieswithcontext.32.Broadtranscriptionisthetranscription
25、withlettersymbolsonly.Itisthetranscriptionnormallyusedindictionariesandteachingtextbooks.33.Allophonesarethedifferentphonesthatrepresentaphonemeindifferentphoneticenvironments.34.Phrasestructurerulesaretherewriteruleswhichallowforthepossiblecombinationofwordstoformphrasesandsentences.35.Contextisgen
26、erallyconsideredasconstitutedbytheknowledgesharedbythespeakerandthehearer.36.Historicallinguisticsstudieslanguagechange(orhistoricaldevelopmentoflanguage).37.Standardlanguageisasuperposed,sociallyprestigiousdialectoflanguage.Itisthelanguageemployedbythegovernmentandthejudiciarysystem,usedbythemassme
27、diaandtaughtineducationalinstitutions.38.Linguistictabooreferstoawordorexpressionthatisprohibitedbythe“polite”societyfromgeneraluse.39.Acculturationisaprocessofadaptingtothecultureandvaluesystemofthesecondlanguagecommunity.40.Itissimpleandmodifiedspeechusedbyparents,baby-sitter,etc.whentheytalktoyou
28、ngchildrenwhoareacquiringtheirnativelanguage.V.Answerthefollowingquestions.(10%X2=20%)41.Enumeratethreecausesthatleadtothesystematicoccurrenceoferrorsinsecondlanguageacquisitionandgiveyourexamples.1)Mothertongueinterference2)interlingualinterference3)Overgeneralization42.Englishhasundergonetremendou
29、schangessinceitsAnglo-Saxondays.Identifythemajorperiodsinitshistoricaldevelopmentandnamemajorhistoricaleventsthatledtothetransitionfromoneperiodtothenext.Majorperiods:OldEnglish(449-1100)MiddleEnglish(1100-1500)ModernEnglish(1500-present)Historicalevents:TheoldEnglishperiodbeganwiththeinvasionoftheBritishIslesbyEnglish-speakingAnglo-SaxonsfromEurope,andendedwiththearrivalofNormanFrenchinvadershistoricallyknownastheNormanConquest.TheMiddleEnglishperiodisdistinguishedfromtheOldEnglishperiodbytheNormanConquest.TheEuropeanrenaissancemovementmarkedthebeginningoftheModernEnglishperiod.