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1、a,an,the的用法精讲及练习冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种，一种是定冠词（theDefiniteArticle），另一种是不定冠词（theIndefiniteArticle），还有一种是零冠词（ZeroArticle）。an,a是不定冠词，仅用在单数可数名词前面，表示“一”的意义，但不强调数目观念。a用在以辅音（指辅音音素）开头的词前，an用在以元音（指元素音素）开头的词前。the是定冠词，修饰特指名词翻译成“这个”。如果泛指某物,用a,/an,具体指某物的话，用the.注意：（1）当我们使用an时，条件有三：这个名词的读
2、音必须是以元音音素开头-即它的音标的第一个音素是元音，而不是说它是以元音字母开头。它必须是个可数名词。它还必须是个单数名词。我们常常见到这类用法：auniversity一所大学anhour一个小时anorange一只桔子anengineer一位工程师anordinaryman一个普通人anhonestperson一位诚实的人aboy,acity,agirl,ausefulanimal,anoldman,anhonestboy,abadapple,atallelephant,auniversity(虽然u是元音字母，但不读元音),anhour一个小时(虽然h不是元音，但单词读音是元音开头)不定冠
3、词有a和an两种：a用于辅音音素开头的词前，an用于元音音素开头的词前。例如：aboy,acity,agirl,ausefulanimal,anoldman,anhonestboy,abadapple,atallelephant,auniversity(虽然u是元音字母，但不读元音),anhour一个小时(虽然h不是元音，但单词读音是元音开头)1指某类人或事物中的任何一个。Anelephantisbiggerthanahorse.Acarrunsfasterthanabike.（2）指人或事物,用来表示“”的意思，但不强调数的观念，只说明名词为不特定者。指人或事物即不具体说明是何人何物。例如：
4、Therearesevendaysinaweek.Wehavethreemealsaday.Ateacherislookingforyou.Weworkfivedaysaweek.（3）不定冠词含有“”的意思，但数量观念没有one强烈，在句子里一般可以不必译出，但若有“一个”的意思则译出，例如：Theresatreeonthehill.Hehasaninterestingbook.Anorangeisgoodforyou.桔子对你有好处。Howmuchisit?多少钱？Twoyuanakilo.二元一公斤。（4）一般用在可数名词单数前，指人或事物的某一种类。例如：Billisastudent.
5、Heisadoctor.（5）用在某些固定词组中。例如：alotof,amomentago,afew,alittleabithavearesthaveacoldakindofapieceofhaveagoodtime6.首次提到的人或物。一不定冠词的用法：2指人或事物，但不具体说明何人或何物。Therearesevendaysinaweek.Wehavethreemealsaday.4指某类人或事物中的任何一个。Anelephantisbiggerthanahorse.Acarrunsfasterthanabike.（2）定冠词在句子中，既可以用于可数名词前，也可以用于不可数名词前；既用在可数
6、名词的单数形式前，也用在可数名词的复数形式前。从表达意义上讲，它既可表达this,that之意义，也可表达these,those之意义。二.定冠词的用法（1）特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。例如：Thebookonthedeskismine.（2）指双方都知道的人或事物。例如：Openthedoor,please.请开门。（3）用在世界上独一无二的事物前。thesuntheearththemoontheskytheworld例如：Thesunisbiggerthanthemoon.太阳比月亮大些。但这些名词作为描绘性定语时，可用不定冠词。例如：Look!Aredsunisrising.瞧！一轮红
7、日正在升起。（4）用在序数词和形容词最高级前。例如：Thefirstislandisthebiggestofthethree.第一个小岛是三个中最大的。（5）用在用普通名词构成的党派，国家等专有名词以及江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、海峡、海湾等专有名词前。theSahara撒哈拉沙漠theJinggangMountains井冈山theChangjiangRiver长江thePacificOcean太平洋theRedSea红海theSuez苏伊士运河theUnitedNations联合国theGreatWall长城theRedCrossHospital红十字医院例如：TheywillvisittheG
8、reatWallnextweek.（6）用在形容词前表示一类人，the+形容词指的是一群人，是一种复数含义，所以其后动词应用复数形式。therich有钱人thepoor穷人thesick病人theold老人theyoung年轻人theblind盲人例如：Theoldaresick.这些老人生病了。（7）用在姓名复数形式前表示一家人或一家人中的两个，或两个以上的人。例如：TheSmithshavemovedtoLondon.斯密斯一家去了伦敦。TheWhiteshavenochildren.怀特夫妇没有小孩。（8）用在某些习惯用语,固定搭配中。例如：inthemorning在早上onthelef
9、t在左边thedaybeforeyesterday前天allthesame都一样atthesametime同时intheday在白天intheend最终bytheway顺便说一下intheopenair在户外thesameas.和。相同tellthetruth说真话(9)弹奏西方乐器前面要用定冠词，东方乐器则不用。如：PlaythepianoplayErhu(10)用于逢十数词的复数前，指世纪中的年代。Thewarbokeoutinthethirties.(11)用于方向或者方位名词前。(12)HelivestotheeastofLosAngeles.基本用法巧记：特指双方都熟悉，上文已提示。
10、世上独无二，序数最高级某些专有名，习语及乐器。三零冠词即不用冠词的情况：1专有名词和不可数名词：China,ClassOne如特指可与冠词连用。2泛指的复数名词前:Booksaremybestfriend.3在星期(onMonday)、月份(inMarch)、季节(inSummer)、节日(inChristmas)前。4一日三餐(havebreakfast)、球类(playbasketball)、学科(maths)、语言(inEnglish)名词前。5职务、头衔、称呼前:Doctor,Iamnotfeelingwell.6名词前已有指示代词、物主代词或不定冠词时。7在某些固定短语中。bybus
11、bybikeinbedathomeonfootinclassgotocollegegotoschooldayandnightfrommorningtillnight练习：选择a或an或者不填(用/来表示)penbagapplebigapplebananaorangeorangesorangepenhourhouseumbrellauniversity用a/an填空：IsitChinesebookorEnglishbook?Thisisring,anditisorangering.MaryisEnglishteacher.TomisChineseteacher.Thisisbike.Itsold
12、bike.Thisistelephonenumber.ThatisIDcard.Ilostmykeys.Itssetofkeys.Itsapple,notpear.Thisispeach.Thatsorange.Youhavebanana,butIhaveegg.Isthereumbrellaonthedesk?Thereisislandinthesea.Thereispictureonthecard.Ihaveoldbook.appleisakindoffruit.Thereisarmchairinthelivingroom.Idlikeegg.Look,thereisbirdinthetr
13、ee.Istheremaponthewall?Thereisbenchinthepark.选择正确的答案1.Iam_(a,an)student.2.Thereis_(a,an)elephantinthezoo.3.Youare_(a,an)goodboy.4.Ihave_(a,an)orange.5.MissGrantis_(a,an)uglyteacher.6.Thisis_(a,an)newbook.7.Pleasetake_(a,an)umbrella.8.Close_(a,an,the)door,please.9.Myfatheris_(a,an)doctor.10.Thereis_(
14、a,an)orangeonthetable.11.Hegivesme_(a,an)sticker.12.Whatis_(a,an,the)biggestbirdintheworld?13.Ihave_orange._orangeisverysour.(a,an,the)14.Myfatheris_(a,an,the)man.15._(A,An,The)moonisinthesky.16.Theres_(a,an,the)appleonthetable.17._(a,an,The)blackboardinourclassroomisbig.18.Helikestoplay_(a,an,the)p
15、iano.19.Mondayis_(a,a,the)firstdayoftheweek.20.Myfavoriteanimalis_(a,an,the)cat.二、在需要的地方填入适当的冠词，不需要的地方填/。1Thisis_egg.Its_smallegg.2Jimhas_bighead.3Whois_girlingreen?4-Doyouhave_knife?-Yes,Ido.Ionlyhave_smallone.5.LucyandLilylook_same.6.Jimisfrom_USA.Mikeisfrom_England.7._boyoverthereisJims_brother.8
16、.Isthat_cator_tiger?Its_cat.9.Wearein_BeijingNo.2HighSchool.10.Theyarein_sameclass.1.Thereis_“h”intheword“honest”.A.aB.theC./D.an2.What_terriblelifepeopleinthesmallislandlivedatthattime!A.anB./C.aD.the3Fatheroftensaystome,“Be_honestboytodayand_usefulmantomorrow.”A.a;aB.an;anC.a;anD.an;a4.Qingdaois_m
17、ostbeautifulcityinsummer.A.theB./C.aD.one5.Soyouarerunning_restaurant?Yes，butIdontwanttomakeit_restaurantonlyforrichpeople.A.the;/B.the;theC.a;theD.a;a6.Haveyouseen_pen?Ileftitherethismorning.Isit_blackone?IthinkIsawitsomewhere.A.a;theB.the;theC.a;aD.the;a7.Oh，John.What_yougaveus!A.apleasantsurprise
18、B.pleasantsurpriseC.anpleasantsurpriseD.thepleasantsurprise8.Johnis_universitystudent.A./B.anyC.aD.an9.Idlike_informationaboutthemanagementofyourhotel，please.Well，youcouldhave_wordwiththemanager.Hemightbehelpful.A.some;aB.an;someC.some;someD.an;a10.Ifyoudontliketheredcoat，taketheblueone.OK,butdoyouh
19、ave_sizeinblue?Thisoneisabittightforme.A.abigB.abiggerC.thebigD.thebigger1._doctortoldhimtotake_medicinethreetimes_day2.Thereis_womanoverthere_womanisMerimeesmother3._sunrisesin_east4._ChangjiangRiveris_longestriverin_China5.ItstoohotOpen_door，please6.Washingtonis_capitalof_USA四、总结与作业1.单项选择。1)Heofte
20、nhas_eggandsomemilkforbreakfast.A./B.aC.theD.an2)-WhatsthetroublewithLingling?-Shedoesntgoto_schoolandstayin_bednow.A.a;/B.the;theC./;/D./;a3)-Doyouhave_dictionary?-No,butLucyhas_newdictionaryonthebookshelf.A.a;theB.the;theC.the;aD.a;a4)_earthisround.A.AB.AnC.TheD./5)Thereis_“L”intheword“LUCK”.A.aB.
21、theC.anD./6)Ihopeyouhave_happydaytoday.A.aB.anC.theD./7)_Whitesarehavingdinnertogether.A.AB.TheC.AnD./8)Thereis_orangeandsomepineapplesinthebasket.A.theB./C.aD.an9)Lisahas_hat._hatisverybeautiful.A.a;AB.an;AC.a;TheD.an;/10)Imwatching_movie.Itisabout_interestinglovestory.A.a;anB.a;aC.the;theD./;an2.句子改错。每句中有一个错误，请改正。1)Julyisaseventhmonthoftheyear.2)Wewaithereforhalfahour.3)Studentsoftenplaythefootballafterschool.4)ItsanEuropeanwolf.5)Theyoftenhaveasupperinarestaurant.