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1、学习-好资料Grammar宾语从句与表语从句名词性从句在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。名词性从句的作用相当于名词，因此主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。主语从句：Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.宾语从句：Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.表语从句：Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.同位语从句：Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词(不充当从句的任何成分)：连接代词：what,who,who
2、m,whose,which,wh+ever连接副词：when,where,how,whyObjectClauses宾语从句请对应写出句子成分Iknowhim.（）（）（）Iknowwhoheis.（）（）（）请用横线画出下面句子的宾语从句部分。1、Iknowhim.2、Doyouhavethetime?3、Ithinkthatsheisbeautiful.4、Whydontyoupayattentiontome?总结：宾语通常位于谓_或者_后一、宾语从句的概念：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。位置：通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。句子结构：主句+连词(引导词)+宾语从句e.g.Sh
3、easkediftheseanswerswereright.Wecanlearnwhatwedonotknow.HewilltalktousaboutwhathesawintheU.S.A.Idontknowwherewewillholdthemeeting.通过观察，我们可以知道宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：更多精品文档学习-好资料连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分练习：1)Couldyoutellme_.A.youwillgetherewhenB.whenwillyougethereC.getherewhenyouwillD.whenyouwillgethere2)Motheraskedhisson
4、what_forlunchatschool.A.didhehadB.doeshehadC.hehasD.hehad3)Pointingtotheyoungplant,heaskedme_thatwastheonewehadseeninthepicture.A.whatB.ifC.whereD.how二、连接词1、从属连接词(不充当从句的任何成分)：that,whether,if1）、Ihear(that)hewillbebackinanhour.2）、Iwanttoknowif/whetherhewillgototheparkwithus注：1、由that引导的陈述句性的宾语从句，在很多动词如
5、say,think,wish,hope,see,believe,agree,expect,hear,feel等动词后。连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不做句子的成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略，但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好，特别是在笔试中。例：Itoldhimthathewaswrong.2、用it做形式宾语的宾语从句时，it常可以放在动词think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等后作为形式宾语，而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾）（此时that一定不可以省略）IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud
6、.Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.3、that从句位于句首时，that不可省略。ThatheeversaidsuchathingIsimplydontbelieve.4、if和Whether的区别1）、由连词if、whether引导的表示“是否”的宾语从句。Whether,if在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether和if可以替换。例：Idontknowif/whetherhewillcometomorrow.Theteacheraskedif/whetherwehadfinishedtheexperiment.2）、下面几种情况只能
7、用whether和不定式连(whethertodosth.)用作宾语时不用if引导.更多精品文档学习-好资料例：Whethertogotherehasntbeendecided.Theyaskedmewhethertogoshopping.宾语从句中有ornot时不用if引导.例：Idontknowwhetherthestarwillcomeornot.在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导例：Imthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.宾语从句提前时：例：Whetherthisistrueornot,Icantsay.练习：1.Iaskedher_shehadabi
8、ke.2.Wereworriedabout_heissafe.3.Iwonder_heiswell.4.Idontknow_ornotheiswell.5.Idontknow_togo.2、连接代词和连接副词连接代词：what,who,whom,whose,which,wh+ever连接副词：when,where,how,why因为连接代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。Doyouknowwhathesaidjustnow?Idontrememberwhenwearrived.IaskedhimwhereIcouldgetsomuchmoney.Plea
9、setellmewho(whom)wehavetosee.练习：1.WangHaitoldme_hedidntgohikingyesterdayafternoon.（how,why）2.Canyoutellme_elseisgoingtobeondutytoday?（who,whom）3.Healwaysthinks_hecandobetter.（how,who）4.Theydontknow_wearegoinghiking.(when,what)5.Idontknow_somanypeoplecrowdingroundhim.(how,why)6.Doyouknow_shirtitis?(w
10、hose,whos)三、时态1.主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态，根据实际情况而定Iknowthatheliveshere.Iknowthathelivedheretenyearsago.Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.2.如果主句是过去的时态（一般过去时，过去进行时），从句的时态一定要用相更多精品文档学习-好资料对应的过去的某种时（一般过去时，过去进行时,过去将来时，过去完成时）Iknewwholivedhere.Isawthatshewastalkingwithhermother.HesaidthathisfatherhadgonetoBeijing
11、.3.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象时，仍用一般现在时。Hetoldtheboythatthreeandthreeissix.Hetoldmethattheearthmovesaroundthesun.练习：单项选择1.Theyoungmanasked_itssummerorwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether2.Wedontknow_theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which3.Theteacherasksus_Jimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime4.Does
12、anybodyknow_wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that5.Couldyoushowme_?A.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestationC.howIcouldgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestation6.Pleasetellme_.A.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeC.whathelikesD.whathelike7.Mysistertoldhim_.A.whatdaywasitB.wh
13、enthetrainarrivedC.whoshewaswaitingD.wheredidyoulive8.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis9.Couldyoutellmehowlong_?A.youhaveboughtthewatchB.youhavekeptthissciencebookC.haveyoubeenawayfromChinaD.haveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChina10.Hesaysthatifit_tomorrow,he_fishin
14、g.A.willrain,wontgoB.rained,wasntgoC.rains,wontgoD.rain,willgo更多精品文档学习-好资料PredicativeClauses表语从句Thisishisjob.Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.（）（）表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后。一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。系动词有那些呢?常见的系动词分为三种：A表示特征和状态：be,look,sound,taste,smell,seem,appear等B表示由一类状态转为另一类状态：get,become,grow,turn,fall,go,come
15、,run等C表示某种状态的：remain,keep,prove,continue,stay等从句连接词分为三类：引导表语从句的连接词一般不省略。连接词:that/whether/asif/asthough(if不引导表语从句)连接代词:who/whom/whose/which/what连接副词:when/where/why/how/because用横线画出表语从句：Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.Thatisbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.ThatiswhyI
16、waslate.过观察，我们可以知道表语从句的语序也是用陈述语序注意：1、that引导的表语从句，that仅起连接作用，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，通常不可省略。这种从句往往是对主句主语的内容起进一步解释的作用。Thefactisthathehasntyetrecoverfromillness.Ourpurposeisthathecanrealizehisfaults.Thechanceisthatonesmokerinfourwilldiefromsmoking.*名词主语+be+that引起的表语从句表示事实，真理的名词，如：fact,truth表示看法，观点、问题、麻烦的名词，如：ide
17、a,opinion,belief,view,news,advice,feeling,suggestion,plan,trouble,question,problem等Thefactisthatourteamhaswonthegame.Thetruthisthatshewastheverypersonwearelookingfor.2.whether引导的表语从句，连接词whether起连接作用，意为“是否、究竟、到底”在句中也不作任何成分（注意：if不能引导表语从句)。Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.Thequestioniswhetherwhatmanw
18、illturnupintime.更多精品文档学习-好资料Whatthedoctordoubtsiswhethermymotherwillrecoverfromthediseasesoon.3、连接代词what,which,who,whom,whose除在句子中起连接作用外，还可在从句中从当主语、表语、定语，且各有各的词义。Tomisnolongerwhatheusedtobe.Thequestioniswhichofusshouldcomefirst.Theproblemiswhoisreallyfitforthehardjob.Theimportantthingiswhosenameshou
19、ldbeputonthetopofthelist.MystrongestmemoryiswhenIattendedanAmericanwedding.4.连接副词where,when,why,how除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还充当时间、地点、方式、原因状语，本身具有词义。ThatswhereIcantagreewithyou.ThisiswhySarawaslateforthemeeting.Thisishowtheyovercomethedifficulties.MystrongestmemoryiswhenIattendedanAmericanwedding.5.其他连词asif,be
20、cause,as,asthough引导的表语从句because引导表语从句通常只用于“This/That/Itisbecause”结构中。asif/though引导的表语从句常置于连系动词look,seem,sound,be,become等后面，常用虚拟语气，表示不存在的动作或状态。Itsoundsasif/thoughsomebodywasknockingatthedoor.Myangerisbecauseyouhaventwrittentomeforalongtime.单项选择：1.Thats_thePartycalledonustodo.A.whyB.whatC.howD.that2.T
21、hereasonis_heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.Whether3.Shelooked_sheweretenyearsyounger.A.thatB.likeC.asD.asthough4.Janeisnolonger_shewasfouryearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when5_yourfatherwantstoknowis_gettingonwithyourstudies.A.What;howareyouB.That；howyouareC.How；thatyouareD.What；ho
22、wyouare6.Thetroubleis_weareshortoftools.A.whatB.thatC.howD.whythat7.Americawas_wasfirstcalled“India”byColumbus.更多精品文档学习-好资料A.whatB.whereC.theplaceD.therewhere8.Chinaisbecomingstrongerandstronger.Itisnolonger_.A.whatitusedtobeB.whatitwasusedtobeingC.whatitusedtobeingD.whatitwasusedtobe9._hereallymean
23、sis_hedisagreeswithus.A.WhatthatB.ThatwhatC.WhatwhatD.Thatwhat10.Theenergyis_makesthecellsabletodotheirwork.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.such综合练习：1IflewtoNewYorkforthetalkshowonTVlastweekIsthat_youhadafewdaysoff?AwhyBwhenCwhatDwhere2Iaskher_comewithmeAifshewillBifwillsheCwhetherwillsheDwillshe3Itwasamattero
24、f_wouldtakethepositionAwhoBwhoeverCwhomDwhomever4Canyoutellme_?AwhoisthatgentlemanisBthatgentlemaniswhoCwhothatgentlemanisDwhomisthatgentleman5Canyoutellme_therailwaystation?AhowIcangettoBwhatcanIgettoCwhereIcangottoDwherecanIgetto6Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_heorshewantsAhoweverBwhate
25、verCwhicheverDwhenever7Doyouknow_?AwhatishisnameBhowishisnameCwhathisnameisDhowhisnameis8GoandgetyourcoatIts_youleftitAthereBwhereCtherewhereDwherethere9Iwonderhowmuch_AdoesthewatchcostBdidthewatchcostCthewatchcostedDthewatchcosts更多精品文档学习-好资料10Itwas_hesaid_disappointedmeAwhat；thatBthat；thatCwhat；wha
26、tDthat；what11IsMaryfromNewYorkCity?Idontknow_AfromwhatcitydoesshecomefromBfromwhatcityshecomeCwhatcitydoesshecomefromDwhatcityshecomesfrom12HenrykilledthedogIllaskhimwhy_AdidhedothatBhedidthatChedidDhehasdoneso13HaveyouseenHenrylately?Mybosswantstoknow_AhowheisgettingalongBhowishegettingalongCwhathe
27、isgettingalongDwhatishegettingalong14Iamsure_hesaidistrueAthatBaboutthatCofthatDthatwhat15Youcantimagine_whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresentsAhowtheywereexcitedBhowexcitedtheywereChowexcitedweretheyDtheywerehowexcited16Whytheexplosionoccurredwas_thelaboratoryattendanthadbeencarelessAforBbecaus
28、eCsinceDthat17Wegavehim_helpwecouldAwhichBwhatCthatDthis18Excusemewouldyoupleasetellme_?AwhenthesportsmeetistakenplaceBwhenisthesportsmeetgoingtobeheldCwhenisthesportsmeettobeginDwhenthesportsmeetistotakeplace19Thisbookwillshowyou_canbeusedinothercontexts更多精品文档学习-好资料AhowyouhaveobservedBhowwhatyouhaveobservedCthatyouhaveobservedDhowthatyouhaveobserved20Wheredoyouthink_?AhashegoneBhashebeenChesgoneDwashe更多精品文档