《高中非谓语动词课件修改整合后.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高中非谓语动词课件修改整合后.ppt（42页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、非谓语动词讲解,Nonfinite Verbs,非谓语动词,动名词,分词,现在分词,过去分词,动词不定式,谓语：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。它有人称、数、时态和语态的变化。 e.g. He works. He takes care of the baby. He will go to Shanghai. He didnt go to Shanghai. He has gone to Shanghai. You are students. You look smart.,单谓语或动词短语,情态动词/助动词+ v.,系动词+表语,1.谓语动词：,概述：,2. 非谓语动词：,在句子中担任谓
2、语的动词,是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分,一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。,非谓语动词使用条件,She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.,1 The teachers sitting there are from other schools.,表语,2 We saw some teachers sitting there.,宾语补足语,3 We ne
3、ed to be active in class.,宾语,谓语,宾语,主语,定语,连系动词,划分句子成分,非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、 宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等.,Tom returned from the managers office, telling me that the boss wanted to see me at once. 2. The news meeting, to be held in that hall, has already been crowded with reporters. 3. I heard the girl singing in the
4、 classroom. 4. The man talking with my father is Mr. Wang. 5. To live is to struggle. (生活就是斗争。),找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）,动词不定式（The Infinitive）,一. 动词不定式的基本构成：,由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式由not+不定式构成,肯定式：to do sth 否定式：not to do sth. 被动式：to be done（将被）完成式：to have done （完成） 例： The Olympic Games to be held in the year
5、2016 will be a great success. He is said to have gone abroad.,二. 动词不定式的句法作用法,动词不定式有副词，形容词和名词的特征，因此在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语定语、状语等成份。,动词不定式,To do that sort of thing is foolish。,I want to see you this evening,All you have to do is to finish it quickly.,We found a house to live in.,She came here to study Eng
6、lish.,I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation.,主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾补,1.I have something to tell you. (不定式作定语),注意：如果不定式是不及物的，它后面就应有必要的介词。如：,He is looking for a room to live in ,Please give me a knife to cut with,1.I have something important to say. Please find a piece of paper （写上）
7、 2.Excuse me，could I use your pen for a moment？ I have no pen （写）,to write on,to write with,动名词（gerund）,一. 动名词的基本构成,二. 动名词的性质,动名词既具有动词的特点有具有名词的特点,1.可作主语,seeing is believing Reading newspapers can increase our knowledge,功能：,2.可作宾语,在某些动词后要求用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式，常见的这类动词有：,enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 spend.doing st
8、h. 花费做某事 be busy doing sth. 忙于做 imagine sb. doing sth. 想象做某事 cant help doing sth. 忍不住做某事 feel like doing sth. 想要做某事 finish doing sth. 完成做某事 practice doing sth. 练习做某事,miss doing sth. 错过做某事 suggest doing sth. 建议做某事 keep (on) doing sth. 保持（继续）做某事 mind doing sth. 介意做某事 be worth doing sth. 值得做某事 consider
9、 doing sth. 考虑做某事,分词：Participles,一 分词的概述,1. 分词是“非谓语动词”的另一种形式，它有两种形式：现 在分词（Present Participle）和过去分词（Past Participle）。,2. 现在分词：doing 过去分词：规则动词 V+ed 不规则动词,3.分词在句中起形容词和副词的作用。在句中 作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。,分词的时态和语态,构成（以study和go为例）,现在分词与过去分词的区别：,1.语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动,Do you know the woman talking to Tom? The soldie
10、r wounded in the war has become a doctor.,2. 时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成,Developing country boiling water Developed country boiled water,二、分词的作用,1、作定语,分词作定语有两种形式。它可以放在被修饰的名词之前，称为前置定语。有的放在被修饰的名词之后，称为后置定语。,（1）前置定语,He is a promising young man. Make less noise. Theres a sleeping child. We only sell used books.我
11、们只卖用过的书。,现在分词作定语表示动作。如果是单词，放在被修饰的名词前；如果是短语，放就放在被修饰的名词之后。,（2）后置定语,The young man sitting between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper.,The bridge built last month needs repairing.,上个月建造的那座桥需要修理。,（3）分词短语作定语必须置于被修饰词之后， 相当于一个定语从句。如：,Those who wish to join the club should sign here,(Those w
12、ishing to join this club should sign here.,),想加入本俱乐部的人在这里签名。,The man, who had been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.),由于被严重困扰，这个人几乎失去了记忆。,(The man, having been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.,（4）过去分词作定语在意义上有两种可能：表示被动和完成 （重点）；只表完成。如：,the question discussed yesterday,昨天讨论的问题（既表示被
13、动也表示完成）,the fallen leaves,落下的树叶(只表示完成，不表示被动),2、作表语,分词作表语表示主语的某种性质或状态。如：,She was too frightened to move. 她被吓得一动不动。 What you said is really inspiring. 你所说的真令从鼓舞。,3、作宾语补足语,可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等词。,I saw him walking in the street. I heard them singing in the classr
14、oom. We saw the boy taken good care of. （done被动）,A）I heard my brother ( singing , sung ) in the next room. B）I heard the song ( singing , sung ) in English .,现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别,四、作状语,现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成 （判断的依据是 分词与主句主语的关系）,1. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory. （we
15、 和 see 的关系是主动） (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful. 2. (Hearing/heard) the bad news, they couldnt help crying. 3. (Giving/Given) more time, we could do it better.,4.I stood by the door, not daring to say a word.,When we see from the top of the mountain, we can see a
16、beautiful factory.,When they heard the bad news, they couldnt help crying.,If we were given more time, we could do it better.,判断下列句子正误：,1. To learn English well, a lot of practice must be done. 2. Seeing from the hill, the city is more beautiful. 3. Heating , water will boil.,被动式： being done 表示一个现在进
17、行的动作, “正在被”,1.The building being repaired is our library. 2.The question being discussed is very important. 3. As we approached the village, we saw new houses being built.,完成式：having done 所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。,Having turned off the radio, he began to go over his lessons. （先关掉收音机，才开始复习功课，turn 的动作比be
18、gin 早） Hearing the bad news, they couldnt help crying. 2. Not having received his fathers letter, he decided to make a call to him.,2with + 复合宾语结构,这种结构也可以看成是一种独立主格结构。这种结构有较鲜明的特色。在这种结构中，with后的宾语相当于该结构中的逻辑主语，其后面的词相当于这个结构中的逻辑谓语。这个结构很像一个用来说明附带情况或细节的，可以起状语作用的句子。翻译时，with原有的含意往往不翻译出来。,（1）with + 名词 / 代词 + 名
19、词The brave man fought the tiger with a stick his only weapon.He was carried into the hospital, with his face a mass of bleeding flesh.,（2）with + 名词 / 代词 + 介词The teacher came into the classroom with a book in his hand.He was asleep with his head on his arms.Family dependants, when ill, enjoy free med
20、ical treatment, with medicines at half price.,（3）with + 名词 / 代词 + 副词He went out with his hat on.The square looks more beautiful than ever with her lights on.,4）with + 名词 / 代词 + 形容词Dont speak with your mouth full.The once lowly serfs now walk with heads high.,5）with + 名词 / 代词 + -ing分词With the old man
21、 leading, the two started toward the mountains.With everyone surrounding us we can certainly succeed.She felt very nervous with so many people looking at her.,（6）with + 名词 / 代词 + -en分词All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.He died with his lifes work still unfinished.With his matter settle
22、d, we left the room.,（7）with + 名词 / 代词 + 不定式They are highly mechanized farms, with machinery to do most of the work.This was a severe test, with innumerable difficulties to be overcome.With five minutes to go before the last train left, we arrived here.,二. 非谓语动词解题 四大步骤,（一）分析句子结构,辨别“谓语与非谓语”,_many tim
23、es , but he still couldnt understand it .,2. _ many times , he still couldnt understand it .,Having been told B. Being told C. He had been told D. Though he was told,C,_,A,注意连词,3.It _ a hot day, wed better go swimming.,4. _ a rainy day ; we decided not to go there.,is B. to be C. being D.It being E.
24、 It was F. been,C,E,注意标点符号,（二）找逻辑主语,1.Walking along the street one day, she saw a little girl running up to her. 2.She is reading a book found on the way. 3.Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.,一般来说， 非谓语动词作状语,逻辑主语是句子的主语； 非谓语动词作宾补,逻辑主语是宾语； 非谓语动词作定语,逻辑主语是被修饰词。,分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语
25、之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。,_from space , the earth looks blue . 2._from space , we can see the earth is blue .A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D. See,A,B,解析：句1. “地球”被“看起来”，表被动，故选A， 用过去分词表被动。 句2. 我们主动看.即表主动，故选B。,（三）分析语态,A.to take B. taking C. to be taken D. taken,D,B,Everything,they,1._ everything in
26、to consideration, they ought to have another chance.,2.Everything _into consideration, they ought to have another chance.,（四）分析时态,1. The building _ now will be a restaurant .,2. The building _ next year will be a restaurant .,3. The building _ last year is a restaurant.,having been built B.to be bui
27、lt C.being built D. built,_,C,_,B,_,D,二. 找逻辑主语,三、分析语态,四、分析时态,一. 辨别“谓与非谓”,三. 非谓语动词解题步骤,方法总结： 谓非谓，找主语，析语态，定时态,Practice,Challenge yourself!,1. A railway station is no place for a child _ alone at night. A. leave B. leaving C. to be leaving D. to be left,2. We were warned _ the fish which might give us
28、a slight stomach upset. A. not to eat B. not eating C. to eat not D. eating not,3. _ themselves awake they sat on the floor and told each other stories. A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. To have kept,4._ these children _ what you want is a science I can tell you! A. Getting; done B. Get; done C. To g
29、et; to do D. Getting; to do,5. When youre learning to drive，_ a good teacher makes a big difference. A. have B. having C. and have D. and having,6. A few days after the interview， I received a letter _ me the job. A. offered B. offering C. to be offering D. having offered,7. The plane crashed，_ all
30、200 people aboard. A. killed B. having killed C. killing D. had killed,8. He was always the first _ and the last _ the office. A. to come， to leave B. coming， leaving C. to come， left D. coming， left 9. Robert is said _ one of my classmates the other day， but I dont know who she is. A. to marry B. t
31、o have married C. to be marrying D. being married,11.We are interested in _ to swim. A. study B. studying C. learn D. learning 12.My grandfather wants _around the world because he enjoys _new places. A. traveling , seeing B. to travel , to see C. to travel, seeing D. traveling ,to see 13. Jack gives
32、 me a piece of paper_.A. to write B. to write on C. to write at D. to write in 14. Lets make a fire _ ourselves up. A. to warm B. warming C. warm D. warmed 15.When I was walking in the field, I saw a plane _over my head.A. flew B. flies C. flying D. fling,16. The old men enjoy _ (listen) to the sing
33、ing of the birds in the park. 17.My sister is interested in _ in her free time. A. watch TV B. reading books C. listening music D. plays basketball 18.Let me _(help) you _ (water) the flowers. 19. I saw him _ into the small store. A. went B. going C. to go D. has gone 20.He is good at_. A. singing B. sing C. sings D. to sing,listening,help water,Goodbye!,