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1、泰语发音规则（Tone Rules）Thai is a tonal language which makes it very different to Westerrn languages. Each syllable has a choice between five distinct tones: low, mid, rising, high and falling. To a foreign student, it would seem that the Thai language is made up of groups of words that change in meaning
2、depending on their tone. A famous tongue twister which illustrates this very well is new wood doesnt burn, does it? or mai mai mai mai mai in Thai. mai - mai - mai - mai - maihigh - low - falling - falling - highTo a foreigner studying Thai for the first time, there is only one word in the above exa
3、mple, mai, and its meaning changes with different tones. However, to a Thai person, these are five distinct words that are not only spelled differently but are pronounced differently. Most foreign students make the mistake of relying too much on transliteration when learning Thai. If you are to mast
4、er the tones, you must put this behind you and learn how to read properly. (See Learn to Read Thai with Manee and Friends)The five tones are:THE HIGH TONE （高调）（二声）This is a uniform tone pitched well above the level of the speakers normal voice and is similar to the tone used in English to denote ala
5、rm.e.g. “keep away” nokA bird rukTo lovelekSmallTHE RISING TONE （上升的语气）（二声）This as the name implies has a rising inflection and is something like the tone used in English to denote surprise or a question.e.g. “Are you going home now?” maiA question word saamThreehinA Stone THE MID TONE （中间语气）（一声）Thi
6、s is spoken in the speakers ordinary tone of voice without any inflection. It is the tone used in English for ordinary conversation.maaCome bpaiGoginTo eat THE LOW TONE （低调）（三声或轻声）？This is a level tone with no inflection but lower in pitch than common tone. dorkFlower heepA box gepTo keep THE FALLIN
7、G TONE （降调）（四声）This is an emphatic and heavily accented tone with a falling inflection and is similar to the tone used in English to denote emphasis.e.g. “I told you not to go there” kaoRice haaFive maiNotIt should be noted that the tone applies to a syllable only so that in a polysyllabic word each
8、 syllable may and often does have a different tone. goo-laaplow-low ma-noothigh-high ma-la-gorhigh-high-mid pa-pa-yonfalling-high-midrut-ta-baanhigh-low-midYou may find it difficult at first to pronounce all of the syllables of a polysyllabic word in the correct tone but luckily there are very few w
9、ords of more than two syllables where tonal values of the syllables vary. By far the best way to learn the tones at the beginning is the way a Thai child does, i.e. by copying a natural Thai speaker. You can do this by listening to us on this web site.In Thai writing the tones are quite clearly indi
10、cated by the use of Tone Marks coupled with a rather complicated set of rules. If you are ready, we will now proceed to teach you these rules.Factors determining the tone. To determine the tone of any syllable the following four factors have to be considered.1. Class of the initial consonant.The Tha
11、i consonants are divided up into three groups known respectively as HIGH, MIDDLE and LOW class consonants and the first thing to look at in determining the tone of a word or syllable is the class of the initial consonant.You will soon discover that there are many cases where the letter as an initial
12、 consonant is silent and there are a few cases where the letter as an initial consonant is also silent, but this makes no difference to the rule, the tone is still governed by the class of the initial consonant even though it be a silent consonant.The HIGH class consonants are; The MIDDLE class cons
13、onants are; All the remainder are LOW class consonants.2. The final sounded consonant.（辅音）All words which do not end in a vowel sound must have either M, N, NG, K, P, or T as the final sound.(Note: Although this is strictly true, you will find that in conversation the final consonant is often slurre
14、d and particularly after a long vowel, the final P may sound more like a B and the final T more like a D.)Where there is no tone mark, the tone of the syllable or word will depend on both the class of the initial consonant and on whether it ends with the M, N, NG sounds or the K, P, T sounds. It sho
15、uld be noted that a final consonant with the sign - (MY TUNTAKAHT) over it is not sounded and hence can have no effect on the tone. MORE3. The type of final vowel.（元音）If the word has no tone mark and ends in a final vowel, the tone is dependent on whether this final vowel is a long or short one.The
16、short vowels for tonal purposes are -, -, -, -, -, the inherent “a”, the inherent “o” and all vowels shortened by the sign - over the consonant or by the addition of the vowel - at the end.All the others are long vowels.4. The tone mark.There are altogether four tone marks but only two namely (-) MY
17、AYK and (-) MYTO are in common use.The other two (-) MYDTREE and (-) MYJUDTAWAH are used only in a few words beginning with middle class consonants.Factor OneConsonants：1. The Low Class Consonants. The following are the Low Class consonants. A small tip, this is the biggest group. It is not necessar
18、y to try and learn these low class consonants since if you have learned the high and middle class consonants, it follows that everything else is a low class consonant.Tone Rules for Low Class Consonants(1) Syllables（音节） beginning with a low class consonant and having no tone mark take the Mid Tone u
19、nless they end with K, P or T sounds or in a short vowel.WordTeaMake, do.FieldSnakeComePriceWindAdmire(2) Syllables beginning with a low class consonant and having no tone mark but ending in K, P or T sounds, take: the Falling Tone if the vowel is long. the High Tone if the vowel is short. Falling T
20、one.ManyPictureCallSpeakStretchDifficultHigh Tone.RestPrisonLoveDecreaseThinkSuit(3) Syllables beginning with a low class consonant and having a short open vowel take the High Tone. There are very few complete words of this type.AndNo, not.Because(4) Syllables beginning with a low class consonant an
21、d having the tone mark MYAYK (-) over the initial consonant take the Falling Tone.PairMotherFatherNo, not.EasyRunTogetherSitEqual(5) Syllables beginning with a low class consonant and having the tone mark MYTO (-) over the initial consonant take the High Tone.HorseWaterKeepA littleLeft sideElephant2
22、. The Middle Class Consonants. The following are the Middle Class consonants. Of these the consonant should be specially noted. When this occurs as an initial consonant and is immediately followed by the low class letter it is always silent but the tone of the syllable still follows the tone rules f
23、or a syllable having an initial middle class consonant in the normal manner.There are only four words plus a number of compounds where the silent “” occurs, and you will notice that they all take the low tone.Prohibition, DontWishMannerLiveTone Rules for Middle Class Consonants.(1) Syllables beginni
24、ng with a middle class consonant and having no tone mark take the Mid Tone unless they end with K, P or T sounds or in a short vowel.TownTo flyHeartBlackOne onlyStraightWantUntilFar(2) Syllables beginning with a middle class consonant and having no tone mark take the Low Tone if they end in K, P or
25、T sounds.To tellTo kissUnripeFallCutKeepCloseSeizeTical(3) Syllables beginning with a middle class consonant and ending with a short open vowel take the Low Tone. There are not many words of this type.CruelWillMeetKickEstimateTo blame(4) Syllables beginning with a middle class consonant and having t
26、he tone mark MYAYK ( - ) over the initial consonant take the Low Tone.BeforeHow many?OldFowlForestTortoise(5) Syllables beginning with a middle class consonant and having the tone mark MYTO ( - ) over the initial consonant take the Falling Tone.NineTo hireMustTreeCanSomeRoastPrawnNear(6) Syllables b
27、eginning with a middle class consonant and having the tone mark MYDTREE ( - ) over the initial consonant take the High Tone. There are very few of these words.TableFat, plump.A final particle.Syllables beginning with a middle class consonant and having the tone mark MYJUDTAWAH ( - ) over the initial
28、 consonant take the Rising Tone. There are very few of these words.NowTicketWaiter3. The High Class Consonants. The following are the High Class consonants. Of these the consonant should be specially noted. When the letter as an initial consonant is followed by one of the Low Class consonants;, , ,
29、, , , and .it is usually silent but this makes no difference to the tone rule. As the initial consonant is a high class one the tone of the syllable follows the high class tone rules.Tone Rules for High Class Consonants.1. Syllables beginning with a high class consonant and have no tone mark take th
30、e Rising Tone unless they end with K, P or T sounds or a short open vowel.TwoThreeIWearDogStonePleaseAskRain2. Syllables beginning with a high class consonant and having no tone mark take the Low Tone if they end in K, P or T sound or with a short open vowel.BoxDriveTieTo fryWrongFinishedTraySixGues
31、t3. Syllables beginning with a high class consonant and having the tone mark MYAYK (-) over the consonant take the Low Tone irrespective of ending.SendGooseFourKneeWoolPass by4. Syllables beginning with a high class consonant and having the tone mark MYTO (-) over the consonant take the Falling Tone
32、 irrespective of ending.SideUpClothForkOrangeForbidTo permitIfFiveFactory TwoTone Marks1. Low Class Consonants & Tone MarksAll of the examples on this page are low class consonants. A reminder of the rules are at the bottom of this page.Tone Chart: When you listen to each row in the chart below, you
33、 will hear these tones each time: mid, falling and high.123(1) Syllables beginning with a low class consonant and having no tone mark take the Mid Tone unless they end with K, P or T sounds or in a short vowel.Syllables beginning with a low class consonant and having no tone mark but ending in K, P
34、or T sounds, take: the Falling Tone if the vowel is long. the High Tone if the vowel is short. Syllables beginning with a low class consonant and having a short open vowel take the High Tone. There are very few complete words of this type.(2) Syllables beginning with a low class consonant and having
35、 the tone mark MYAYK (-) over the initial consonant take the Falling Tone.(3) Syllables beginning with a low class consonant and having the tone mark MYTO (-) over the initial consonant take the High Tone.2. Middle Class Consonants & Tone MarksAll of the examples on this page are middle class conson
36、ants. A reminder of the rules are at the bottom of this page.Tone Chart: When you listen to each row in the chart below, you will hear these tones each time: mid, low, falling, high and rising.12345(1) Syllables beginning with a middle class consonant and having no tone mark take the Mid Tone unless
37、 they end with K, P or T sounds or in a short vowel.(2) Syllables beginning with a middle class consonant and having the tone mark MYAYK (-) over the initial consonant take the Low Tone.(3) Syllables beginning with a middle class consonant and having the tone mark MATA (-) over the initial consonant
38、 take the Falling Tone.(4) Syllables beginning with a middle class consonant and having the tone mark MYDTREE (-) over the initial consonant take the High Tone. There are very few of these words.(5) Syllables beginning with a middle class consonant and having the tone mark MYJUDTAWAH (-) over the in
39、itial consonant take the Rising Tone. There are very few of these words.3. High Class Consonants & Tone MarksAll of the examples on this page are high class consonants. A reminder of the rules are at the bottom of this page.Tone Chart: When you listen to each row in the chart below, you will hear th
40、ese tones each time: rising, low and falling.123(1) Syllables beginning with a high class consonant and have no tone mark take the Rising Tone unless they end with K, P or T sounds or a short open vowel.Syllables beginning with a high class consonant and having no tone mark take the Low Tone if they
41、 end in K, P or T sound or with a short open vowel.(2) Syllables beginning with a high class consonant and having the tone mark MYAYK (-) over the consonant take the Low Tone irrespective of ending.(3) Syllables beginning with a high class consonant and having the tone mark MYTO (-) over the consonant take the Falling Tone irrespective of ending.元音和辅音皆为泰文的最小单位，称为音素。由几个音素组成的语言结构的基本单位，叫做音节，音节分为开音节和闭音节两种。开音节，以元音收尾的音节称为开音节。如 等。闭音节，以辅音收尾的音节称为闭音节，如 等。闭音节又分为两类：清尾辅音和浊尾辅音，清尾辅音有五个，即 ，其读音参看尾韵音。鼻音鼻音与相同的尾辅音有 鼻音半元音半元音半元音是介于元音和辅音之间的一种音。以