(精)中考英语数词用法详解.doc

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1、英语数词英语数词【数 词 的 定 义】表示多少和第几的词,叫数词。其用法相当于名词或者形容词。数词分为基数词和序数词两种。 表示数目(多少)的词是基数词, 表示数目顺序(第几)的词用序数词。【基数词的表示法】1. 以下是最基本的基数词,学习者必须牢记:one(1), two(2), three(3), four(4), five(5), six(6), seven(7), eight(8), nine(9), ten(10), eleven(11), twelve(12), thirteen(13), fourteen(14), fifteen(15), sixteen(16), sevent

2、een(17),eighteen(18), nineteen(19), twenty(20), thirty(30), forty(40), fifty(50), sixty(60), seventy(70), eighty(80), ninety(90), a hundred(100), a thousand(1000一千), a million (1000000一百万), a billion (十亿)【注释】基数词1-12 是独立单词,需逐个记忆。基数词13 - 19是个位数词的词干后加-teen 构成。例如:14个位数词是“4”,其词干是“four” 在其后加“teen” fourtee

3、n(14)。 其中, , 变化不规则的有:three(3) thirteen(13);five(5) fifteen(15);eight(8) eighteen(18)。基数词20 90(10的整倍数)是在十位数词的词干后面加 -ty 构成。例如:16个位数词是“6”,其词干是“six” 在其后加“ty” sixty(16)。规则变化sixty(60),seventy(70),ninety(90)。不规则变化twenty(20), thirty(30),forty(40),fifty(50),eighty(80)。2. 2199 的表示法。先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字号:twenty-

4、one(21), thirty-six(36), forty-five(45), ninety-nine(99)等。3. 101999的表示法。先说“几百”,后接and,再加末尾两位数(或末位数):one hundred and one(101);five hundred and thirty(530);seventy hundred and eighty-nine(789)。4. 1000 以上的基数词的表示法。先从右至左数,每三位数加一个逗号(即以此把数目分为若干段)。第一个逗号前的数为thousand(千),第二个逗号前的数million(百万),第三个逗号前的数为billion(十亿)

5、,第四个逗号前的数为,然后一段一段地数:9,883 nine thousand, eight hundred and eighty-three65,359 sixty-five thousand, three hundred and fifty-nine265,468 two hundred and sixty-five thousand, four hundred and sixty-eight60,263, 150 sixty million, two hundred and sixty-three thousand, one hundred and fifty【说明】 英语没有“万”这个

6、单位,要表示“万”须借用thousand,如“一万”用“十千”表示(ten thousand),“十万”用“百千”表示(one hundred thousand)。 hundred, thousand, million, billion 等词之前有具体数字时不用复数形式;如果前面没有具体数字等限定词时,要用“复数形式-s + of”。例如:two hundred students;hundreds of people。 在hundred后通常加上连词and,如:seventy hundred and eighty-nine(789)。不过此and 在美国英语中可以省略。若读数中没有 hundr

7、ed,则在thousand后加and。一个数的最高位若为“一”,这个“一”可用a或one表示,但在数字中间的“一”,则只能用one,不能用a:1600 a one thousand and six hundred6100 six thousand and one hundred (其中的 one 不可改为a) 在非正式场合,人们也常以hundred 为单位来读数,对于1100至1900之间的整数尤其如此(参见年代的读法):It cost fifteen hundred pounds. 这东西花了1500英镑。【基数词的用法】从句子成分上分析,基数词在句中可用作主语,宾语, 表语等。Four o

8、f them went to the factory. 他们四个人去了工厂。 (主语) I want two. 我要两个。 (宾语) There are thirty classrooms in our school. 我们学校有三十个教室。 My classmate is eighteen. 我的同学十八岁。 He is only three, and he cant dress himself. 他只有三岁,不会穿衣服。从事物内容上分析,基数词用在下列情况。 1) “数词+名词+形容词”组成复合形容词。只能做表语,表示一种度量,如长度、高度、宽度、面积的多少等等。The mountain

9、is nearly 300 metres high.2) 表示编号。编号的事物可用基数词: 1. 单纯的编号,可在基数词前加number,简写为No.。如No.2第二。2. 序号与事物名词连用时分三种情况:(A)小序号可用 “名词+基数词” 或 “the +序数词+名词”。如“第一次课”可以说Lesson One或the First Lesson。(B)大序号通常只用“名词+数词”。如808号房间Room 808;168路公共汽车Bus No.168;南京路1490号1490 Nanjing Road;电话号码83545601(用基数词逐个念,0念字母O)。 (C)用“a/the + numb

10、er+基数词+名词”。如:a No.3 bus一辆三路公共汽车; the No.3 bus那辆三路公共汽车。【例句】Today we are going to study Lesson Five. 今天我们要学习第五课。 Please open your books at page ten. 请打开书,翻到十页。We live in Room 101. 我们住在101房间。They study in No.28 Middle School. 3) 表示岁月、年代、日期。(A)“In +the +基数词复数”表示” . 年代。The two great men wrote those lette

11、rs in cA. 1870s B. the 1870 C. the 1870s D. 1870s (B)“in + ones + 基数词复数”表示“多岁”During World II, a Jewish lady was protected by a local family in Shanghai in her . (2005上海) AA. fifties B. fifty C. fiftieth D. the fiftieth(C)表示年,月,日 。1949年1949读作nineteen forty-nine6月23日June 23rd 读作June (the) twenty-thir

12、d或the twenty-third of June2006年10月October 2006 读作October, two thousand and six1600年5月2日May 2nd, 2005 读作the second of May, sixteen hundred.【例句】The accident took place in 1982. 这次事故发生在一九八二年。I was born in Oct.11,1956. 我出生在一九五六年,十月,十一日。You could see many flowers in June. 六月份你可以看到好多花。4) 表示钟点。半小时用half,一刻钟

13、用a quarter,半小时以内用past,超过半小时用to。08:00 eight oclock或eight09:15 nine fifteen或a quarter past/after nine02:30 two thirty或half past/after two05:45 five forty-five或a quarter to six14:15 fourteen fifteen = 2.15 p.m.23:05 twenty-three oh five24:00 twenty-four hundred hours=midnight【例句】Its three oclock. 现在是三点

14、钟。It is two to two. 现在是两点差两分。We arrived in Beijing at five to seven. 我们七点差五分到达北京。5) 用于加减乘除。One plus two is three. 一加二等于五。Eight minus four is four.八减四等于四。Two times two is four.二乘二等于四。Ten divided by two is five. 十除以二等于五。6) 表示倍数。主语+谓语+倍数(或分数)+ as +形容词/副词(原级)+ as I have three times as many as you. 我有你三倍

15、那么多。 This bridge is three times as long as that one.这座桥是那座桥的三倍长。主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ the size (amount,length,weight) of+表示比较对象的名词。 The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球是月球的49倍。 This bridge is three times the length of that one. 这座桥是那座桥的三倍长。主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ 形容词(副词)比较级+ than The grain output is 8 perce

16、nt higher this year than that of last year. 今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。 This bridge is three times longer than that one.这座桥比那座桥长三倍。This box is five times less than that one. 这个盒子比那个盒子小五倍。倍数+what引导的从句。如:The college is twice what it was 5 years ago.这所大学是它五年前的两倍。 还可以用by+倍数,表示增加多少倍 The production of grain has been i

17、ncreased by four times this year. 今年粮食产量增加了4倍。 7) 表示百分数。基数词 + percent + of + 注意:基数词 percent必须用单数形式 percent前没有the 必须带有of 【例句】Thirty percent of them is water. 它们当中有30%的水。 Eighty percent of what he said is true. 他的话有80%是真实的。 of the population here are peasants. BA. 20 percents B. 20 percent C. the 20 p

18、ercent D. the 20 percents8) 表示分数。分子数字用基数词, 但分母要用序数词, 如分子不是1,序数词要用复数形式。【例句】One-fifth of the books are mine. 三分之一的书是我的。Three-tenths of water is disappeared. 十分之三的水不见了。9) 表示小数。5.5 five point five 12.135 twelve point one three five 【序数词的表示法】1. 以下是最基本的序数词,学习者必须牢记:first(第1), second(第2), third(第3), fourth

19、(第4), fifth(第5), sixth(第6), seventh(第7), eighth(第8), ninth(第9), tenth(第10), eleventh(第11), twelfth(第12), thirteenth(第13), fourteenth(第14), fifteenth(第15), sixteenth(第16), seventeenth(第17), eighteenth(第18), nineteenth(第19), twentieth(第20), thirtieth(第30), fortieth(第40), fiftieth(第50), sixtieth(第60),

20、seventieth(第70), eightieth(第80), ninetieth(第90)。【说明】 许多序数词是由相应的基数词后加th构成的,如:four / fourth,six / sixth,ten / tenth,sixteen / sixteenth,但是nine变为序数词是ninth,而不是nineth。 twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth 等表示整十的序数词,由相应的基数词将词尾y改为ie,再加th 构成。 first, second, third 通常可缩写为1st, 2nd, 3rd。凡是以th结尾的序数词可缩写为“基数词+th”:4th, 5

21、th, 9th, 11th, 60th, 128th等。2. 非整十的多位数,将个位数变成序数词即可:twenty-first(第21),thirty-sixth(第36),ninety-ninth(第99),three hundred and sixty-fifth(第365)等。3. hundred, thousand, million 等序数词形式为 hundredth, thousandth, millionth 等:five hundredth (500th) 第500 ten thousandth (10, 000th) 第10000注意:这类词前面用数字“一”时,这个“一”只用o

22、ne,不用a:one hundredth 第100(不说a hundredth)【序数词的用法】序数词主要用作定语,表语。前面要加定冠词 the。The first question Id ask is how you knew him? 我的第一个问题是你怎样认识他的? The fifth lesson is very easy to learn.第五课很好学。 You are the first one I believe.你是我最相信的人。The fist round of voting hasnt finished. 第一轮投票还没有结束。 Last Sunday my grandpa

23、 has his birthday. BA. ninety B. ninetieth C. nineties D. ninetieths【既可序数词也可用基数词的场合】1. 日期的表示法通常用序数词,也可用基数词,如“5月5日”在书面语中通常写成5 May(英)或May 5th(美),而在口语中则通常说成 the fifth of May,May the fifth(英), May fifth(美)等。2. 类似编号的场合,用序数词应放在被修饰词语之前,若用基数词则置于其后:the First Lesson / lesson one 第一课 the tenth chapter / chapte

24、r ten 第10章 the sixth line / line 6 第6 行 the third part / part three 第三部分但是,在许多情况下,用基数词比用序数词更合适、更方便:Book One 第一册 Room 805 805房间 page 110 第110页 Bus Number Ten 第10路公共汽车【序数词前使用冠词应注意的两点】1. 序数词前通常要用定冠词Its the third time Ive been here. 这是我第三次来这儿。The second is better than the first. 第二个比第一个好。【说明】 表示考试或比赛等的名

25、次时,通常省略定冠词:She was (the) third in the exam. 她考试得了第三名。序数词用作副词时也通常不用冠词:He came first. 他先来。Ill have to finish my homework first. 我得先把作业做完。有些习语中的序数词前没有冠词:at first 开始 at first sight 乍看起来 first of all 首先 但若序数词前用了物主代词或名词所有格,则不能再用定冠词:his second wife 他的第二个妻子 Toms third book 汤姆的第三本书2. 序数词前有时可用不定冠词,表示次第在原有基础上的

26、增加:A second student stood up. 又一个(第二个)学生站了起来。I want to read the book a third time. 这本书我想读第三次。序数词前用定冠词和不定冠词的区别在于,定冠词表特指,不定冠词表泛指,有类似another的意思,但比another 的意思更明确:I like the third girl. 我喜欢第三个女孩。(至少有三个女孩供选择,特指)I saw a third girl. 我又看见了第三个女孩。(暗示原来已看见两个,这是第三个)【数词练习题】1.-What time is it now? -It is A. eleven

27、 and thirty Beleven thirty C. thirty eleven Deleventhirty 解析:考查英语中时间的表达方法。在英语中,时间用基数词表示,先读“时”,再读“分”,11:30读作eleven thirty,还可以表示为 half past eleven。 答案B2.She has been skating for A three and a half years Bthree and half a yearB Cthree and a half year Dthree years and half 解析:考查“三年半”,表达方法。“三年半”有两种表达方法:t

28、hree and a half years或 three years and a half,故选项A正确。3I have to write a _ composition every other week A. six-hundred-words Bsix-hundredswords C. six-hundredsword Dsix-hundredword 解析:考查整“百”的表示方法及名词做修饰语时用单数的规则。数词hundred做定语时不加“s”,即“几百”用“基数词+hundred表示。另外,此题中的“六百字”应看做一个整体来修饰名词composition,所以要加连字符“-”,且wor

29、d用单数形式。由此可见,选项D正确。4The hall can hold people Afive hundred and fifty five Bfive hundred fifty-five Cfive hundred and fifty-five Dfive hundreds and fifty five 解析:考查数字的读法。“几十几”的数字,构成是先说“几十”再说“几”,中间用连字符“一”。百位和十位之间用and连接,百位不能加“s”所以选项C正确。5.There are eight classes in our gradeIm in _ . A. Grade Three,Class

30、 Two B. Class Two,Grade Three C. grade three,class two Dclass two,grade three 解析:考查基数词的用法。“几年级几班”,用“名词+基数词”表示,此时作为专有名词必须大写。英文的排列顺序是“先小后大”,即“先读班级后读年级”,所以选项B正确。6.1990s is read in English as_ A. twenty ninth Btwenty ninths C. nineteen nineties Dnineteen ninety 解析:考查年代的读法。1990s代表“20世纪90年代”,按正常的读法,年代分“前两

31、位”和“后两位”。本题前两位是“19”,即 nineteen;后两位是“90”,因为有s,所以用 nineties因此选择选项C。7We are going to learn _ next weekA. Lesson Four B. Lesson Fourth C, Fourth Lesson Fourth D, the Lesson 解析:考查基数词与序数词的不同表达方法。“第几课”可用“Lesson+基数词”表示,也可用“定冠词the+序数词+Lesson表示,因此选项A正确。8.He left his hometown Awhen he thirties Bin the thirties

32、 C. in his thirties Dat thirties 解析:考查基数词复数形式的特殊用法。根据句意“他三十多岁时离开了家乡”,不具体说明“几十几岁”时用整“十”的基数词的复数形式表示,所以“他三十多岁时”用in his thirties表示。答案C9 The number 2548 is read as . Atwo thousands and five hundreds and forty and eightB. two thousand, five hundred and forty-eightCtwo thousand, five hundreds, forty eight

33、Dfive hundred and five hundred and forty-eight 解析:考查“千”以内数字的读法。基数词加thousand ,hundred 分别“几千”、“几百”,先读“千位”,再读“百位”它们之间一般用逗号分开;然后加and ,最后加“几十几”。答案:B10Every four years, people watch the Olympic Games.A . million of B. millions ofC. tow millions D. tow millions of解析:考查数词名词化的用法。数词当名词用时,其后跟“of 短语”,这时数词加“s”不表

34、示具确切的数字而表示多的概念,millions of 意为“数百万”。11Countries like Italy, Spain and Argentina have strong football traditions and fans. A. hundred of; thousand of B. several hundreds of; several thousands ofC. several hundreds; several thousands D. hundreds of; thousands of解析:考查数词用作名词的用法。hundreds of 意为“数百”, thousa

35、nds of 意为“成千上万”,hundred 各thousand 用复数形式,但前面不加数量词,B正确。答案:B 12Some champions, like the golfer Tiger Woods,make_ a year. Abillions dollars Bbillions of dollars Cbillion dollars D. billions of dollar 解析:考查billions of修饰名词时的规则。 billions of意思是“上亿”、“数亿”,不表明具体:数量,它后面的名词用复数形式。 答案B13.-How can I get to the Summ

36、er Palace? -_ will take you thereA. 332 No. Bus BNo.332 Bus C. Bus No.332 DBus 332 No解析:考查基数词与名词连用的方法。“332路公共汽车”作为专有名词时要倒装且大写,即Bus No.332,也可写成the No.332 Bus,所以选项C正确。14.Outside people were selling dolls for more than_ the price A. five time Bfive times C. the fifth time Dfifth times解析:考查“倍数”的表达方法。tim

37、e当“时间”讲时为不可数名词;times作“倍数”讲时是可数名词,表示“多少倍”用“基数词+ times。根据句意“外面的人们正在以高出原来五倍的价格出售玩具”可知,选项B正确。15 birthday I got a new watch A. In my ten BOn my ten C. In my tenth DOn mytenth 解析:考查序数词及表示时间的介词的用法。“第几个生日”要用序数词表示。另外,在“某一天”用介词on,所以“在我第十个生日那天”是on my tenth birthday。答案D16. -When is your birthday,Jeff? -My birth

38、dayis_ A. January the thirtieth B. January thirty C. Thirty of January DThirtieth of January 解析:考查日期的读法。读日期时一般是“月份加序数词”,2090中“整十”的基数词变为序数词时是将y变为ie,再加th,所以选项A正确。答案A17.In our class of the students _ girls A. three-fifth;are B. threefifth;is C. three-fifths;are Dthree-fifths;is解析:考查分数的读法及主谓一致的规则。分数的读法:

39、分子读基数词,分母读序数词;分子是二或二以上的数时分母加“s”。分数做主语,谓语动词的形式取决于它所代表的量。本题是“五分之三的学生”,故谓语动词应用are。答案C18.The Peoples Republic of China was founded A. on October the first,1949 B. in October the first,1949 Con 1949 October one D. in October one,1949 解析:考查年、月、日的表达方法。英文中年、月、日的顺序是“月、日、年”,“日”用序数词,与“日期”连用时介词用on,所以选项A正确。19. I

40、n 1850about was covered by forest in the USA A. third Bthe third C. a third Da thirds 解析:考查分数的读法。“三分之一”可以读成one-third或a third,因为分子是“一”,所以分母不必加“s”,因此选择C。20. of the workers in this factory is about three hundred_ of them are women workers A.A number;Three-fourth B. The number;Three quarters CA number;T

41、hree-fourths D. The number;Three-fours 解析:考查分数的表达方法及the number of与a number of的区别。the number of指“的数量”,它做主语时谓语动词用单数形式;a number of意思是“许多”、“若干”,它做主语时谓语动词用复数形式。“四分之三”有两种表达法:three-fourths或three quarters。由此可见,选项B正确。21. I think that the_ century will bring us more hopesAtwenty-one B. twentieth-one C. twenti

42、eth-first D. twenty-first 解析:考查序数词“第几十几”的表示方法。“21世纪”用序数词表示。“第几十几”只把“个位数”变为序数词,“十位数”用基数词,所以选择选项D。22 My little brother was born in .Anineteen eighty-five Bone nine eight five Cnineteen eighty five Dnineteen eighty-fifth 解析:考查年代的读法。读年代时要用基数词,前两位放在一起连读,后两位放在一起连读。如1 874年,读作eighteen seventy-four。答案A23. Th

43、ere are months in a year, _ month is February Atwelve;two Btwelve;second C. twelve;the second D. twelfth;the second 解析:考查基数词、序数词的用法。“一年中有12个月”中的“12用基数词。“第二个月”是February,“第二”用序数“第一”、“第二”、“第三”是 first,second,third。序数词前往往在加 the,故选项C正确。24I live in a tall building and I live floor Ain twelfth Bon the twelf

44、th Cin twelve Don the twelve 解析:考查序数词及介词的用法。“住在第几层”用序数词,介词用on,所以选项B正确。25 books must be produced for the youngA. Many thousands of B. Much thousandC. Many thousand of D. Thousand of解析:考查数词名词化的短语的用法。 thousands of意思是“成千上万”,它前面还可以加一些修饰语,如many,some等,故本题选 A项。中考数词专练1. This is a big class, and _ of the students are girls. A. two third B. second three C. two thirds D. two three 2. The population of the world is about six _ ( billion ) 3. Tomorrow we are going to study the _ ( five ) le

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