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1、初中英语语法专题六非谓语动词本课重点：1.非谓语动词复习；2. 2011年全国各地110份中考英语试题解析版汇编之一单项选择非谓语动词；3.词汇积累名言警句：Practise what you preach. 严于律己，宽于待人。非谓语动词复习 中考非谓语动词语法网络结构图一、非谓语动词的概说在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。 它不受人称和数的限制。功能动词不定式动名词分词基本形式To do 否定形式：not to dov-ing 现在分词：v-ing过去分词：v-ed主语1. 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，其结构为：It + be +
2、 adj. + (for/ of sb.) + 动词不定式, 且在kind, good, nice, clever 等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of. E.g. To learn English well is useful. It is useful to learn English well. Its important for us to protect the environment.2. 不定式作主语常表示具体的或一次性的动作。 E.g. It is difficult to play this game. 3. 不定式作主语常表示目的或一件未完成的事。 E.g. He
3、hopes to become a university student this year.3. 动名词作主语谓语动词用单数。4. 动名词作主语常表示一般或抽象的行为；E.g. Collecting stamps is fun. (一般)5. 动名词作主语常表示一件已知的事或经验; E.g. Skating is very interesting. ( 经验 )6. 在It is no use (good), not any use (good),useless等后一般用动名词。E.g. It is no good learning English without practice.宾语1.
4、 一般不做介词宾语，只能做某些动词的宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令，打算或希望的，如：would like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect, agree, learn, happen等。 E.g. would you like to see a film this evening?2. 在find, think后跟不定式做宾语时，常用it 代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。 E.g. I find it easy to read English every day. 3. 常见的一些不带to的动词不定式，why not do, had better (
5、not) do, would rather do, could/ would/ will you please (not do)E.g. I would rather stay at home. 能做动词/ 介词宾语：I like playing basketball very much. (动词宾语)Stamps are used for sending letters. （介词宾语）说明：表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。注意：英语中有一些动词后面常跟动名词做宾语。初中阶段常见：finish, enjoy, mind, miss, be worth, practice, have f
6、un, have trouble/ problem (in), spend, feel like, be used to 等。 表语 多数情况下，不定式做表语，可转换为做主语。E.g. My work is to clean the room every day.= To clean the room is my work every day. 同左：E.g. His hobby is collecting stamps.= Collecting stamps is his hobby. 1. 现在分词作表语，表示主语的性质、特征E.g. The situation is encouragin
7、g.2. 过去分词作表语，表示某种状态E.g. The boy is too frightened to move. 定语1. 不定式做定语，要放在所修饰的词后面。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。 Have you got anything to say?2. 如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。 There is nothing to worry about. 3. 不定式常和疑问词what, which, when, where, how连用相当于一个宾语从句。 He didnt know where to go. (= where he should
8、go ) 只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于修饰词之前。 We should improve our teaching methods. 1. 现在分词作定语，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词 Do you know the girl standing under the tree?2. 过去分词作定语，其逻辑宾语是它所修饰的词 Please hand in your written exercises. 补足语1. 不定式做宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。tell, ask , want, allow, get , would like, encourage 后常跟动词不定式作宾语补
9、足语。 My mother encourages me to learn Japanese. 2. 有些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式做宾补。这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感( feel )、二听( hear, listen to )、三让( make, let, have )、四看(see, watch, look at, notice )、五帮助( help )。但变被动语态时，必须加上to。 My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss. 1. 现在分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语（即主动关系） I h
10、eard him singing in the classroom.2. 过去分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语（即被动关系） Hell have his hair cut after school. 注意：现在分词和不定式做宾补的区别： 常见的动词有see, watch, notice, hear, feel, have 等，他们接不带to的不定式做宾补，表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作；现在分词作宾补，表示动作正在进行。 I heard him sing in the classroom. (动作已结束)状语1. 做目的状语只能用不定式 I went to the library
11、 to study English. 2. 不定式做结果状语，表示发生在先后的两个动作，或表示意想不到或事与愿违的结果前通常加only 或 never. He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left. 1. 通常情况，做伴随状语用现在分词 The students went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 2. 现在分词作结果状语，表示伴随着谓语动词的发生而产生的结果。 He fired, killing one of the passers-by. 二、动词
12、后接不定式和动名词的区别（补充书上知识）1.like to do sth. 表示心理或一次性的具体动作 like doing sth. 表示习惯性动作 （类似的还有love, hate）2.begin / start to do sth begin / start doing sth.1)谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing.How old were you when you first started playing the piano?你几岁时开始弹钢琴？2)begin, start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式to doI was beginning to get angry。
13、我开始生起气来。3)在begin, start 后接know, understand, realize这类动词时，常用不定式to do。 I begin to understand the truth。4)物作主语时It began to melt.3. 感官动词 + doing/to do感官动词 see, watch, , notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do表示动作的完整性，真实性；+doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在
14、花园里干活了。(强调我看见了这个事实)I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调我见他正干活这个动作）典型例题1）They knew her very well. They had seen her _ up from childhood.A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow因题意为，他们看着她长大，因此强调的是成长的过程，而非正在长的动作，因此用see sb do sth 的句型。2）The missing boy was last seen _ near the riv
15、er.A. playing B.to be playing C. play D. to play本题强调其动作，正在河边玩，应此用see sb. doing sth句型间接宾语指用作宾语的是人，直接宾语则指物，两者都作为某个动词的宾语，因此位置可以互换。如：give me the book 间接宾语为“me”,直接宾语为“the book”，都用作“give”的宾语，也可说give the book to meteach him a lesson 间接“him”，直接“a lesson”，用作“teach”的宾语,也可说teach a lesson to him宾语补足语就是跟在宾语后面起补充
16、说明的成分，但不用作宾语，位置不能抽换。还是用回刚才的例子：give me the book to return it to the library 补充说明的部分是哪些呢？对了，就是“to return it to the library”：“把书给我，我要拿去还给图书馆。”“我要拿去还给图书馆”就是补充说明为什么要“把书给我”的理由。teach him a lesson to shut him up中的“to shut him up”也是补足成分：好好教训他一顿，让他住嘴。2011年全国各地110份中考英语试题解析版汇编之一单项选择非谓语动词39. 【2011福州中考】 Dont forg
17、et _ your history and politics books tomorrow morning. Thanks. I wont.A. bringB. to bring C. bringing42.【2011福州中考】 We all like Miss Wang. I agree with you. She always makes her English classes _.A. interested B. interestC. interesting【2011浙江杭州】24. Nick, would you mind _ those old jeans? They look te
18、rrible. A. not to wearB. not wearC. wearing notD. not wearing【2011山东潍坊】29. The new treatments _by Norman Bethune helped a number of soldiers.A. invent B. invents C, inventing D. invented【2011邵阳】28. I spent a lot of time _ English last weekend.A. to practice speaking B. practicing to speak C. practic
19、ing speaking【2011广安市】31. What do you usually do at weekends?I often practice _English. A. speak B. to speak C. speaking 【2011兰州】23. One of the difficulties we have English is how to remember new words and expressions. A. to learn B. in learning C. learn D. learned 【2011兰州】27. We cant work out the ph
20、ysics problem. Can you tell us ? A. how to do B. what to do it C. how to do it D. what should to do【2011山东临沂】27. If prices rise too high, the government has to do something _ it. A. stop B. stopped C. stopping D. to stop 【2011山东泰安】33. I feel tired and sleepy. Why not stop _ for a while? A. restB. to
21、 restC. resting D. rested【2011山东威海】34.What time do you expect her_?A. arrive B. is arriving C. arriving D. to arrive 【2011山东威海】37.This math problem is too difficult. Can you show me_, George?A. what to work out B. to work it out C. how to work it out D. how to work out it【2011四川内江】37. Teachers often
22、 tell us _ in the river after school.A. dont swim B. not swim C. not to swim【2011山西】23. Drivers shouldnt be allowed _ after drinking, or they will break the law. A. drive B. driving C. to drive 【2011贵州贵阳】43. Many students said that they were willing to work hard to make their dreams _ true.A. come B
23、. came C. comes (2011湖南岳阳中考)22.Would you mind me how English words?A. tell; to remember B. telling; remember C. telling; to remember【2011雅安】13. Please tell the students _ too much noise in class. A. to make B. to take C. not to take D. not to make ( 2011大庆) 9. The thief was noticed _the office build
24、ing by the back door on the screen.A. enter B. enter into C. to enter D. to enter into【2011本溪】11. The mountain _ with snow all year round, so its hard to climb it. A. coveredB. was coveredC. is coveredD. covers【2011宁夏】( )34. Look! We cant cross the bridge. It _by some workers.A. repairs B. is repair
25、ed C. is being repaired D. is repairing( )30. 【2011凉山】I think teenagers should _ to get their ears pierced. I agree with you. A. are allowed B. not be allowed C. not allowed【2011广西崇左】39Mom!Would you mind me _table tennis ? A.play B.played C.to play D.playing【2011广西贵港】37. We went to the beach last Su
26、nday, and we had great fun _ volleyball. A. play B. playing C. played D. to play【2011广西贺州】43. Parents often ask us _ water in our life.A. save B. savin C. to save D. saves【2011郴州】28. The old men are playing chess. Would you mind _.A. turning down B. turn down C. turns down【2011郴州】29. What could I ge
27、t my father for Fathers Day?_getting him a tie?A. Why not B. How about C. Why dont you【2011河源】41.Remember _ the book to the library when you finish _ it. A.to return;to read B.returning;reading C.to return;reading C.returning;to read【2011泰州】8. At present, many people would rather _ in the country be
28、cause there is _ pollution in the city. A. live, more B. to live, less C. live, less D. to live, more【2011重庆江津】() 32.Teachers always tell me computer games too much. A. not to playB. to playC. not playD. plays【2011重庆江津】() 39.She used to in the morning, but now she is used to at night. A. read, readB
29、. read, readingC. reading, readD. reading, reading【2011 山东烟台】35.When I was walking past the window, I noticed Wang Fei_ my homework. I really got_. A. copying, annoyed B. copying, annoying C. copy, annoyed D. copied, annoyed【江西省2011】38. How kind you are! You always do what you can_ me.A. help B. hel
30、ping C. to help D. helps14.【2011扬州】We can make a fire _ the room warm so that we can chat for a while.A. to keepB. keepingC. keepD. kept【2011湖南怀化】29. Dont forget _ your homework. John. Ok. Ill do it right now.A. doing B. do C. to do 26. 【2011株洲】Tony wants _a job as a language teacher in China. A. to
31、 find B. finding C. find【2011广州】( )5. May I have a rest? I have already finished _ the report.A. write B. writing C. to write D. written【2011湖北黄冈】40. _ a volunteer is great. I think so. Some of us want_volunteers for the London Olympics.A. Being; being B. To be; being C.Being; to be D. To be; to be【
32、2011江苏淮安】15.I spend much more time playing basketball than I _ for my lessons. A. spend to prepare B. do preparing C. do to prepare D. spend prepare (2011湖南衡阳) 24.Please tell the boys any noise. My baby is sleeping.OK. Ill do it at once.A. not make B. to make C. not to make【2011山东】28.If you see the
33、cartoon film, it will make you _.A. laughB. to laughC. laughingD. laughed【2011新疆阜康】36. We should be more careful much time on computer games.A. not to spend B. to not spendC. not to cost D. not take to【2011四川绵阳】18. our English teacher encourages us part in all kinds of after-class activities. A. to
34、take B. take C. taking D. to taking【2011四川成都】44. While we were running on the playground, Jack suddenly stopped and lay on the ground, so we all stopped what was wrong with him.A. to run; to see B. running; seeing C. running; to see【2011安徽芜湖】39. I often have hamburgers for lunch. Youd better. Its ba
35、d for you _ too much junk food. A. eatB. to eatC. eatingD. ate 【2011盐城】7. I saw Li Ming near the river on my way home. A. plays B. playing C. to play D. played【2011盐城】11. Plan your time carefully and make sure you have some time what you like every day. A. do B. to do C. doing D. done【2011江苏徐州】15. W
36、hat bad weather it was! We decided _.A. to go out B. not to go out C. to not go out D. not going out【2011江苏徐州】15. What bad weather it was! We decided _.A. to go out B. not to go out C. to not go out D. not going out【2011桂林】40. Mr Wang does what he can _ us improve our English. A. helpB. to helpC. he
37、lpingD. helped【河北省2011】32. Whenever you have a chance English, you should take it.A. speak B. to speak C. spoke D. speaks【2011河南省】31. Why are you so excited?Peter invited me_ on a trip to Yuntai Mountain.A. to go B. go C. going D. went【2011黑龙江绥化市】( )28. The book is well worth I plan_one.A. read, to
38、buy B. reading, buying C. reading, to buy29. The movie Mr. Bean made us_a lot last night. A laugh B.laughed C.to laugh【2011四川达州】29. When people want to relax themselves, they prefer TV or listen to music rather than newspapers.A. watching; read B. watching; to read C. to watch; read D. to watch; rea
39、ding【2011四川广元】17.Since you are tired, youd betterand have a good rest.A. stop to study B. stop study C. stop studying【2011四川南充】25. Class is beginning. Please stop_ .A. talking B. to talk C. talk【2011四川宜宾】32. It is very important for us _ English well.A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learned（2011四
40、川资阳）25. Boys and girls, attention, please. Now let me tell you _ to the Bird Island. A. how to get B. what to get C. whom to get D. where to get【2011天津】38. Toms mother told him_ eating too much meat. A. stopping B. to stop C. stops D. stopped【2011广东深圳】9. The doctor told me_ too much but I find it di
41、fficult. The doctor is right. The less you drink, _ you will be.A. dont drink; the healthier B. not to drink; the healthier C. not to drink; the more healthier D. dont drink; healthier【2011贵州贵阳】32. It is our duty _our hometown clean and beautiful. We must do something for it.A. to keep B. keeps C. k
42、eeping【2011贵州贵阳】36. For your coming vacation, why _ corning to Guiyang? Good idea!A. not consider B. dont consider C. to consider【2011广西贵港】43. Waste paper _ everywhere. Its our duty to keep the school clean. A. throws B. are thrown C. shouldnt be thrown D. should be thrown【2011哈尔滨】23. Take time lo r
43、elax by listening to music, reading a book or just spending some time alone.Relaxing allows you to your students with more energy.A. return B. to return C. returning【2011乌鲁木齐】25. Water Park is a good place _ .A. to have fun B. have fun C. having fun D. to have a fun33. 【2011广西柳州】My mother asked me _ the room. A. clean B. cleans C. to clean【2011雅安】19. Kitty would rather