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1、【直击高考】2013高考英语语法重难点系列专题06动词时态的考占八、首先我把各种时态的基本用法梳理出来，然后在常考的时态后面有归纳的考点。一、一般现在时表示现在习惯或者经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态，常与 always, often, usually, seldom, sometimes,frequently, every day/week/year ，on Sunday（s）,等时间状语连用。谓语直接用动词，但如果主语是第三人称单数的时候要进行变化。变化规则如下：1 . 一般直接在后面加 s helps cleans walks2 .以辅音字母加 y结尾的改 y为i+es studies h
2、urries carries3 .以 o, s, sh, ch, 结尾的力口 es does finishes watches肯定句：主语+动词（s）+（宾ig）+-We play football every afternoon.我们每天下午踢足球。Jack watches TV on Saturday evening.杰克星期六晚上看电视。否定句：主语+dont/doesnt+动词原形+（宾语）+ Tom doesnt clean his room in the morning.汤姆早晨不打扫房间。They dont go to the library on Monday.他们星期一不去阅
3、览室。一般疑问句：Do/Does+主语+动词原形+？肯定回答：Yes,主语+do/does. 否定回答：No,主语+dont/doesnt. Does she live in Wuhan?Yes, she does/No, she doesnt.她住在武汉吗？一是的，她住在武汉 /不，她没有住在武汉。Do you read English every morning ?Yes, I do/No, I dont.你每天早晨读英语吗？一是的，我读英语/不，我不读英语。特殊疑问句：疑问词 +do/does+主语+动词原形+ ?When does he go to school every day?他
4、每天睡眠时候上学？How do they help their friends?他们怎样帮他们的朋友？频度副词 always/often/usually 等,位置在行为动词之前、 be 动词和助动词之后。1. He often comes late.He is often late.他常迟到。2. We usually go back in the evening.We are usually back in the evening.我们总是晚上回来。3. Their homework is always done on Sunday.他们的家庭作业总是星期天做。表示客观真理性的 / 谚语 /
5、 格言 / 警句类都要用一般现在时。1. Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。2. Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。3. He laughs best who laughs last.谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。4. All is not gold that glitters. 闪光的东西不一定都是金子。二、一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或者存在的状态。常与表过去的时间状语连用： yesterday, two years ago, last week,in 1990, the other day, the day before yesterday在肯定句中谓
6、语动词直接用动词的过去式表示。过去式的变化规则：1. 直接 +ed jumped washed looked2. 以 e 结尾的 +d lived completed3. 辅音字母 +y 结尾的改 y 为 i+ed studied hurried carried4. 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的双写其辅音字母再 +edstopped skipped occurred5. 不规则变化 teach-taught keep-kept lead-led wake-woke .肯定句：主语+过去式+ （宾语）+They bought the house last year.他们去年买的这房子
7、。She wrote a letter yesterday.她昨天写了一封信。否定句：主语+didnt+ 动词原形+Tom didnt watch TV yesterday evening.汤姆昨天晚上没有看电视。I didnt clean my bedroom this morning.今天早晨我没有打扫房间。一般疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形+？肯定回答：Yes,主语+did否定回答：No,主语+didntDid you make a paper flower a few days ago?Yes, I did./ No, I didnt.你几天前做了一朵纸花吗？一是的，我做了。/不，我
8、没有做。特殊疑问句：疑问词 +did+主语+动词原形+？What did you do yesterday?你昨天做了什么？When did they visit that country?他们什么时候去访问的那个国家？常考点：一定要注意没有明显过去时间的语境题：1. Please say it again. I didnt you.catch/understand/follow请再说一遍。我没有听懂你的话。解析：此题学生容易用一段现在时，因为他们觉得是现在的情况.但说话者表明的是,别 人在说的那个时候他没有听懂，指的是当时的情况，所以要用去时.didnt know . 2. You are
9、here! I你在这里！我还不知道呢。解析.同学们会觉得说话者是现在在说，所以就应该是T现在时.大宗可以想一下,我E 在观话的时候其实是已经知i苜了、。/在议毕.所以指的这个动作“不刈道林洋指我说 话瞬何前的情况，所以费用一就过去时.didnt recognize Its you ! Iyou. 3.是你呀！我还没有认出你呢。解析：同学们同样可以设想一下：“我”在说“没有认出你”这句话的时候其实已经知道了“你”是谁，所以指的是说话瞬间前的动作，就要用一般过去时。4. Where are you from?Im from Beijing.I thought you were from Shang
10、hai.你是哪里人？一北京人。我原以为你是上海人。解析：开始我的确不知道保是哪里人,后来你告诉我你是北京人后.我才说以为你是上海 A,我这种认为是在你刚才回答我埔可前的动作，所以用TS过去时JP=非在吼这话丐我 己经知道你不是北京人了。三、现在进行时：由 is/am/are+ doing 构成1 .表示目前（说话的瞬间）正在进行的动作。2 .表示当前一段时间内的活动或者现阶段正在进行的动作（说话时动作不一定正在进行） doing的变化规则：1 .直接+ing helping walking studying2 .以 e 结尾的去掉 e+ing leave_ leaving living bit
11、ing3 .以重读闭音节结尾末尾只有一个辅音字母的先双写其辅音字母再+ingput _ putting stop _stopping begin_beginning肯定句：主语 +is/am/are+doing+ We are studying English now.我们现在在学英语。Look! They are playing football.看！他们在踢足球。否定句：主语 +is/am/are+not+doing+ I am not watching TV now.我刚才没有看电视。It isnt raining now.现在没下雨。一般疑问句：Is/Am/Are+主语+doing+？
12、肯定回答：Yes,主语+be否定回答：No,主语+be+not.Are you reading newspapers?Yes, we are./No, we arent.你在看报纸吗？是的，我在看。/不，我没有。特殊疑问句：疑问词 +be+主语+doing+？What are you doing ?你在干什么？Where is he going?他去哪里？How are you getting on （with your study）?你（的学习）怎样？吊考点：a. always, constantly, continually等副词用于进行时态给句子带上感情色彩比较下面句子不同的含义：1 .
13、 He always comes late. .（他总是迟到）。此句只给别人传递一个信息：他总是迟到这个事实。He is always coming late.（表示不耐烦）（他总是迟到）。此句就表明说话者的一种情绪了，不高兴不耐烦。2 . They always work hard.（他们学习总是用功）。此句仍然只是给别人传递一个信息。别人听后知道他学习的状况。They are always working hard.（表示赞赏）（他们学习总是用功）。从此句我们就可以想象说话者的高兴、赞赏、开心的那种那觉。从平时的教学来看：这种语法常出现在（湖北卷的）完成句子中考时态、在听力和阅读中就让学生
14、猜说话者和作者的心情状况。b.表性质、品质的形容词作表语，be动词用于进行时态，表示一时的表现。I.Tom is being a little polite.（汤姆还有点懂礼貌）。此句的内涵是：汤姆平时是一个不怎么有礼貌的人，此时表现得有礼貌。3 .Why are you being foolish?（你为什么一时糊涂了？）。此句传达的信息是：你一直都还聪明的，怎么一时傻了呢？4 .You are being quick-minded.（你这时反应还快）。此句要表达的意思是：你一直反应都较慢，这次还快。5 .The sales girl was being kind to me, but wh
15、en I failed to buy a piece of clothing ,her attitudechanged quickly.（那个营业员对我一时还友好的，但当我没有买衣服的时候，她的态度很快就变了。）从这个例句我们能进一步体会到be动词进行时态的用法。四、过去进行时：由 was/were +doing 构成提前）was/were 疑问句将 not,后面加 was/were 否定句在（1.表示过去某一特定时间正在进行的动作。(this time yesterday,昨天这个时候at eight（此时主要是和一般过去时区别分析，因为时间状语是你昨天做了些什么？你昨天在做什么？我上个星期
16、写了一封信。我上个星期在写一封信yesterdayevening 昨天晚上八点，)1) I was studying English this time yesterday.昨天这个时候我在学英语。2) Were you watching TV at nine yesterday evening? 昨天晚上九点你在看电视吗？3) They were not playing basketball that time last week.上个星期那个时候他们没有打篮球。4) What were you doing at 3.pm yesterday?昨天下午三点你在干什么？2.表示过去某一段时间正
17、在进行的动作一样的)1) What did you do yesterday?2) What were you doing yesterday?3) I wrote a letter last week.4) I was writing a letter last week.5) He a book last year, but I dont know whether he has finished it.A. wrote B. was writing C. writes D. will write解析：答案是B这道题学生容易选A,因为看见有个时间状语last year ,就会以为是一般过去时
18、态，但由于后面还有一句是“我不知道他是否已经写完了”就得知应该是他去年一直都在写一本书。3.表过去某一动作发生的时候另一动作正在进行。（过去某一动作用一般过去时，另一动作用过去进行时）（when）1） When the teacher came in ,we were watching TV.老师进来的时候我们正在看电视。2） What were you doing when your mother left yesterday? 昨天你妈妈离开的时候你在干什么？常考点：要注意语境题：1. Did you notice him come in just now?was looking out
19、of the window. Sorry, I didnt. I刚才你注意到他进来了吗？一对不起，我没有注意到。我在看窗户外面。解析:根据上下文应读表达的是:（当他进来的时候）我在看窗户外面。3. He gave you a book a few minutes ago.I didnt know. I was reading a magazine.他几分钟前给了你一本书。我不知道呢。我在看杂志。解析：根据上下文表达的是：（当他给我书的时候）我在看杂志。4. They have left.was playing football. Have they? Sorry, I他们已经离开了。.一离开了
20、？对不起，我在踢足球。解析：（当他们离开的时候我不知道）我在踢足球。固定的句型：was/were doing.when. 正在做突然1 .我正在街上行走，突然遇到了我的一个老同学。I was walking in the street when I met with an old friend ofmine.2 .昨天晚上他们正在看电视，突然灯熄灭了。Yesterday evening they were watching TV when lights went out.3 . Li Ming was playing games when there was something wrong w
21、ith his mouse. 李明正在玩游戏突然他的鼠标出了毛病。五、一般将来时常与表将来的时间状语连用。 tomorrow, soon, next year,表示将要发生的动作或者存在的状态，the dayafter tomorrow, from now on疑问句将will提前。）1 . will +do（否定句在 will后面力口 not, will not=wont,1）他下星期要买辆自行车。He will buy a bike next week.2）我们明天不扫教室。We wont clean our classroom tomorrow.3）他们明年会修房子吗？-会的./不会.W
22、ill they build a house next year?Yes, they will./No, they wont.5）你什么时候给他写信？When will you write to him ?2 .be going to do （be -is/am/are）（准备、打算做某事）否定句在be后面加not,疑问句将be提前。1） 我打算明天写200个单词。I am going to write 200 words tomorrow.2）他们不打算下星期开会。They arent going to have a meeting next week.3）你打算今天晚上看电视吗？-是/不。
23、Are you going to watch TV this evening?Yes, I am./No, I am not.4）小芳打算什么时候结婚？When is Xiao Fang going to get married?will do 与 be going to do的区另 1:1）be going to do是事先考虑/打算做某事，而will do表示事先未考虑的意图Im sorry .I have forgotten to post your letter.It doesnt matter. I will post it myself.一对不起，我忘了给你寄信。没关系，我将自己去
24、寄。解析：我一直都是指望别人帮我寄信，只有当我知道信没有寄出去时，我才临时决定自己去 寄.2）有某种客观迹象预示即将会用 be going toLook at the cloud ! It is going to rain heavily.看那云！要下大雨啦！解析：乌云是下雨前的征兆。3）按自然规律必然会用willWe will die when we are old./Man will die.我们老了就会死。解析：人终将死去是自然规律.4）be going to do可用于条件句中表将来。If you are going to catch the early bus, youd bette
25、r go now.was/were going to do:原本打算做某事而没有做且后来也不会做。1） Did you watch the TV play yesterday evening?I was going to, but I had to finish my homework.你昨天晚上看了那部电视剧吗？一我原本打算要看的但我要完成家庭作业。2） Can you tell me why you carried so much money last week?I was going to buy a TV set, but my cousin sent one to me.你能告诉我你
26、上个星期为什么带那么多钱吗？一我原本打算买台电视机的，但我表妹给我送了一台。3） Why you took the second arrow?I was going to use it on you.你为什么拿出第二枚箭？我原本打算用它射你的。3. 表示位置移动的动词（或者说表来、去、始、末的动词）经常用进行时态代替将来时。come, go leave, fly, take off, stay, move, arrive, start, meet, see off/send off1）我星期天将动身去武汉。I am leaving for Wuhan on Sunday.2）她下星期要搬到一所
27、新学校去。She is moving to a new school next week.3）我要去机场接我朋友。I am meeting my friend at the airport.4）你要在那里呆多久？How long are you staying there?4. be to do1）表示（按计划、安排）打算、将要做 A new hospital is to be built here.计划在这里修一家医院。You are to visit the Great Wall first.你们先参观万里长城。2）相当于情态动词 should, must, have to, can/ma
28、y （ 可能）You are to finish your homework before you go home.有应该/必须回家前做做完家庭作业。This kind of flower is to be found in the forest over there.这种花在那边的森林中可能找得到。3）（用于条件句）想；想要做 If you are to find a good job, youd better try to do it well.常考点：was /were to have done=should have done本应该做某事（但实际上没有做）You were to hav
29、e studied hard last term, otherwise your English wouldnt be so bad now. 上个学期你本来应该努力学习的，要不然你的英语现在就不会这样差。5. be about to do表示即刻就做，正要做，不和表将来的时间状语连用。We are to play volleyball this afternoon.我们计划今天下午打排球。We are about to play volleyball.我们即刻去打排球。常考点：常用于下列句型：was/ were about to do when- - =was/ were on the po
30、int of doing when 正要做突然1）我正要出去突然电话响了。I was about to go out when the telephone rang.=I was on the point of going out when the telephone rang.2）他正要玩游戏突然他妈妈进来了。He was about to play games when his mother came in.=I was on the point of playing games when his mother came in.6 .按照时间表、时刻表、计划表将要发生的动作常用一般现在时代
31、替一般将来时。1）我去武汉的飞机下午三点起飞。My plane to Wuhan takes off at 3p.m.2）第四节课要11:15才上。The fourth class begins at 11:15.3）我们将在第二十周进行期末考试。We have the final-examination in the twentieth week.解析:为什么按时间表和时刻表要发生的动作是用Tg现在时而不是用其它的时态代替一 本将来时呢？因为虽然我们在说话的时候其动作还没有发生.但其实在这种情况下其动作天 天都是那个时候发生，所以是用一现在时，包含着蹲常性的动作。7 .be due to d
32、o ( 按时间表、旅行安排)预定、预期、预计做1)The visitors are due to arrive here this afternoon.游客们预计今天下午到达这里。2) Mr. Li is duo to give us a lecture tomorrow.李先生预计明天给我们演讲。3) The meeting is due to be held next week.会议安排下星期开。4) His train is due at 7:00.火车七点到。due另外的两个常用点：1) The bank loan is due this month.( 到期的)银行贷款本月到期。2)
33、 due to由于、因为(常作表语)His absence is due to his illness.他没有来时因为他病了。8.在时间状语和条件状语从句中只能用一般现在时代替一般将来时1) When you finish middle school, what are you going to do?你中学毕业的时候打算做什么？解标中学毕业这个动作还没有发生，但由于是在时间状语从句中所以就用T现在时 finish代瞽的一般将来时fiuish.2)As soon as I get to Wuhan, I will phone you.我一到达武汉就将给你打电话。解析二和上题一样，虽然arriv
34、e这个动作还没有发生.但因在时间状语从句中就用 一艇现在时 arrive代替一艇将耒时311 arrhe.3) If you have time next week, please come to my house.如果你下个星期有时间请到我家来。解析：下个星期这个时间还没有到，但由于是在条件状语从句中，所以用一般现在时have代替的一般将来时 will have.考点：注意下列句子的不同含义：1） If you help me, I will be very glad.如果你帮我，我会非常高兴。代替一般help但因在条件状语从句中所以用一般现在时这个动作虽然还没有发生，“帮助”解析:将来时w
35、ill help.2） If you will help me, I will be very glad.解析：此句为什么用的将来时态will help 呢？不，在这里不是一般将来时，而will是情态动词表“意愿”。此句的意思是：“如果你愿意帮我，我会非常高兴”。更多的例句：1） If you will study hard from now on, we teachers will help you.从现在起，如果你 愿意刻苦学习，我们老师就会帮你。2） If they will lend me some money , I will go to buy a house tomorrow.如
36、果他们 愿意借给我一些钱，我明天就去买套房子。注意：并不是所有的动词都能这样用。如：我们就不能说：If you will have a house , I want to board at your family.因为此句我们不可能翻译成：“如果你愿意有房子，我想搭伙住在你家”。因为是否有房子是不以人们的意志 为转移的，并不是你想有房子就有，而不想有就没有。六、将来进行时：由will +be +doing 构成。表将来某一个特定的时间正在发生的动作。否定句在will后面加not,疑问句将will提前。1）没有下午三点不要给我打电话。我在开会。Dont call me up at 3 tomor
37、row . I will be having a meeting .2）我相信明天晚上我去你家的时候你在玩游戏。I believe you will be playing games when I go to your house tomorrow evening .3）下个星期的这个时候你会在干什么呢？What will you be doing this time next week ?七、现在完成时（have/has+过去分词构成）（否定句在 have/has后面+not,疑问句将have/has提前。）1 .表过去发生的某一个动作对现在造成的影响或者结果。（做了）常与just, alr
38、eady 连用.1）他们已经回来了。They have （already） come back.2）飞机到了吗？Has the plane arrived （yet）?3）我们还没有扫教室。We havent cleaned our classroom.4）我买了一本书。你什么时候买的？I have bought a book.When did you buy it?5）我父亲刚从武汉回来。My father has just come back from Wuhan.2 .过去发生的某一个动作一直延续到现在而且还有可能继续进行下去。这时常和表一段的时间状语连用.（for/since引导的状语
39、）我在这里住了三年了。1）.I have lived here for three years.2）他在那家工厂上班十天了。He has worked in/at that factory for 10 days.3）自1990年以来我就在这所学校教书。I have taught in this school since 1990.4）自他从武汉回来以来就在这里上班。He has worked here since he came back from Wuhan.注意：在这种用法中主句中的谓语动词必须是延续性的动词。如果是短暂性的动词就必须换成延续性的。1）他的爷爷死了。His grandpa
40、 has died.解析：“死”动作对现在造成的影响是：“他爷爷不在人世了”，所以用现在完成时。2）他的爷爷去年死的。His grandpa died last year.解析.此句是表明死”动作是过去时间.去年用发生的,所以用 般过去时,3）他爷爷死了两年了。His grandpa has died for two years.x解析：此句要用现在完成时，但由于“死”这个动作是瞬间完成的，所以不能和表一段的时间状语连用，故这种翻译不对。而要换成下面的句子，将短暂性的动词“die”换成表状态的“be dead因为处于“死”的这个状态是可以持续的。His grandpa has been dea
41、d for two years.V前面的动F面的动词前面是短暂性的，后面是延续性的， 也就是说如果要和一段时间状语连用, 词就要换成后面的表达法：去/离开 ：go/leave -be away生病：fall川 be川买： buy -have着火： catch fire -be on fire来这里： come here - be here死：die f be dead出去： go out -be out借：borrow f keep 开始： beginfbe on加入：join-be in /be a例如：他入团/入党/参军三年了。He has joined the League/Party/
42、army for 3 yearsx解析：此种翻译就不正确，因为“ join ”是个瞬间完成的动作，不能和表一段的时间状语连用而要用以下几种翻译法：1） He has been in the League/Party/army for 3 years.2） He has been a League member/a Party member/a soldier for 3 years.3） Its/It has been 3 years since he joined the League/Party/army .4） 3 years have passed since he joined th
43、e League/Party/army .5） He joined the League/Party/army 3 years ago.3. have/has gone to 去了地方have /has been to 去过地方1）你曾经去过武汉吗？Have you ever been to Wuhan?2）我从未去过北京。I have never been to Beijing.3）你到哪里去了的？Where have you been?4）我同学去美国了。My classmate has gone to America.考点：现在完成时的固定句型1）用在：Its the first/sec
44、ond/thirdtime that 从句中（是某人第几次做某事）It will be the first/second/thirdtime that 从句中（将是某人第几次做某事 ）a. Its the third time that he has helped me.是他第三次帮我。b. It will be second time that we have bought this kind of sweets. 将是我们第二次买这种糖。但是：如果前面是一般过去时态，后面的从句就要用过去完成时。a. He said it was the fourth time that I hadnt h
45、elp him.他说是第四次我没帮他了。b. We knew earlier that it was the second time that he had robbed the bank.我们早些时候就知道他是第二次抢银行了。2）in/during/within the past/last+一段时间的状语连用时，句子用现在完成时。a.They have built 100 buildings in the past three years.在过去的三年时间里他们修了100栋建筑物。c. I have remembered 60 words in the past 4 hours .在过去的四
46、个小时我记了60个单词。d. Great changes have taken place in the past many years.在过去的许多年里中国发生了许多变化。3）so far到目前为止”，“迄今”，用在句首或句尾（只要句中有so far句子就要用现在完成时）a.So far, she has remembered 50000 words.迄今为止她已记了50000单词了。b. I havent heard from her so far .迄今为止我还没有收到她的信。4）有状语up to now/up till now （到目前为止），句子就要用现在完成时We have watched the TV play three times up to now.到目前为止那部电视剧我们看了三遍了。5）表示反复或者习惯性的动作，