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1、Module 1 Unit 2 Reading核心知识点的衔接江苏省通州高级中学林红梅一、本单元语法知识的衔接与处理(1)注意事项在初中阶段，学生已经学习过定语。定语主要用来修饰名词、代词，表示该 名词、代词具有某一特征，形容词、介词短语、及非谓语结构都可以充当定语。 初中阶段也涉及少量定语从句，但没有对此进行详细讲解。进入高中阶段，我们 将学习定语从句的定义及组成部分。定语从句的关系代词和关系副词使用规则还 有定语从句和名词性从句和强调句型的联系与区别。(2)回顾第一单元重点讲解了关系代词 who, whom, whose, that, which引导的定语从句，在本单元首先和学生一起回顾这
2、部分内容。请看下列例句：The man who refused to support his own mother was condemned by the public.该句 中，the man 是先行词部分； who refused to support his own mother 是定语从句，其中who是关系代词/关联词，在从句中做主语The bike which I bought yesterday is of high quality.该句中，the bike 是先行词；which I bought yesterday是定语从句部分，其中which是关系代词/关联词，在句中做宾语由
3、此看出：定语从句都是先行词的后置定语，关系代词在定语从句内部充当 主语或宾语，其实做宾语时，关系代词可以省略。请看下表：使用说明关系代词which 指代事物类的先行词。指代前文一句话。（在从句中做主语或宾语）只能用于句中，不能用于句首。也可用于非限制性定语从句。that 指代事物类的先行词。 指代人充当的先行词。（在从句中做主语或宾语）先行词被最高级修饰时。先行词被序数修饰时。先行词是-thing的合成词时。先行词被 all, every, any, little, no, few, some, each, the only, the very, the last修饰时。先行词既有人，又有物时
4、。先行词部分已经是一个疑问句时。（只能用于限制性定语从句）who指代人的先行词（在从句中做主语或宾语）whom指代人的先行词）（在从句中做宾语）whose所修饰的名词与先行词间有属于关系。，whose cover= the cover ofwhich，whose son= the son of whom（3）衔接第一单元中讲到关系代词在定语从句中充当主语， 宾语和定语，那么如果定 语从句不缺少主语，宾语或定语，缺少的是状语，那么该如何处理？（一）关系代词和关系副词的选用定语从句中用关系代词还是关系副词引导是根据定语从句所缺成分确定的。1）先行词是表示时间的名词时，不一定都用when引导，关键要
5、看从句所缺 的成分。当从句中缺时间状语时才用when引导。如：I still remember the day that/which we spent together.I still remember the day when I came here.2）先行词是表示地点的名词时，不一定都用where引导。关键要看从句所缺的成分。只有缺地点状语时才用 where引导。如：I went to the factory that/which we visited ten years ago.I went to the factory where we worked ten years ago.3）
6、先行词是表示原因的名词时，不一定用why引导。只有缺原因状语的时候才用why引导。如：This is the reason that/which he gave.This is the reason why he was late.（二）“介词+关系代词”结构的定语从句关系代词作介词宾语，不论是在限制性定语从句中，还是在非限制性定语从 句中，当介词前置时，只能用 whom指人，which指物。注意选定介词的三个原则：1）看从句选介词：介词与定语从句中的动词、形容词构成固定搭配。Do you like the book on which she spent $10?Do you like the
7、 book for which she paid $10?He referred to many books with which I am not very familiar.2）看先行词选介词：介词与先行词构成固定搭配。I remember the day on which I joined the League.I remember the days during which I lived here.I remember the month in which I stayed there.3）根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定介词。Water, without whichman can t
8、 live, is really important.注意：“介词+关系代词”前或后还可有some, any, none, all, both,neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词。如： He loves his parentsdeeply, both of whom are very kind to him.（4）巩固结合高考考点，巩固定语从句的用法。1. Many countries are now setting up national parksanimals（2013北京）and plants can be protected.A. whenB.
9、 whichC. whoseD. where2. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those lives were affected. （2013 福建）A. whose B. that C. who D. which3. Happiness and success often come to those are good at recognizing their ownstrengths. （2013 湖南）A. whomB. whoC. whatD. which4. Finally he reache
10、d a lonely island was completely cut offfrom the outside world. （2013 山东）A. when B. where C. which D. whom5. When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house I would be staying.（2013新课标II卷）A. what B. whenC. whereD. which6. The children, had played the whole day long, were worn out. （2013浙江）A. all of w
11、hat B. all of which C. all of them D. all of whom7. Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, made one of the Chinese people s long -held dreams come true. （2013 安徽）A. it B. that C. what D. which8. We live in an age more information is available with greatease than ever before.（2012
12、浙江）A. why B. when C. to whom D. on which9. Maria has written two novels, both of have been made intotelevision series.（2012山东）A. them B. that C. which D. what10. Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from you received gifts? （2012 上海）A. which B. them C. that D. whom（答案：DABCC DDBC D二、本单元知识点的
13、衔接与处理方法我们以 frightened, annoyed, worried, confused 为例：1）回顾初中阶段学生已经学过部分情感类使动词的用法，比如 excite, interest, surprise等等。首先和学生回顾这部分内容，帮助学生总结归纳情感类使动词的 用法。单词例句excite vt. 使激动excited adj. 激动的exciting adj. 令人激动的Dont excite yourself./、要激动.The excited children forgot to take the presents to the party.孩子们兴奋得忘r把礼物带到聚
14、会上了.an exciting story使人激动的故事interest vt.使感兴趣interested adj.感兴趣的interesting adj.有趣的Having lost his job, hed begun to interest himself in local voluntary work.他失业接便开始关注 地方的志愿，作了 .I tried to tell him about it, but he just wasnt interested.我想把这件事告诉他，可他简直 不感兴趣.Its interesting that no one remembers seeing
15、 the car. 真后趣, 没人记得见过那辆汽车。surprise vt. 使吃惊 surprised adj. 感到吃惊的surprising adj.令人吃惊的Shes over 80? You surprise me!她80多岁了？真想/、到！Im surprised at you, playing with dolls at your age!想/、到你这年龄还玩玩具娃娃！Its surprising they lost.他们竟然失败了，真没想到.2）衔接本单元中出现了 frightened, annoyed, worried, confused 这四个以-ed结尾的生词，分别是使动
16、词 frighten, upset, annoy, worry, confuse 的形容 词，表示人的情感感受，和 excite, interest, surprise 一样，如果表示“令 人觉得”，应该用它们的-ing形式，分别是frightening, annoying, worrying, confusing.He got very annoyed with me about my carelessness.我太粗心大意 , 使Y 他很生气.j How annoying, Ive left my wallet at home!多讨厌，我把钱包落在家里了./ He looked very
17、frightened as he spoke. 他说话时显得非常恐惧.I It is frightening even to think of the horrors of nuclear war.核战争的恐怖状况连想都不敢想.C I was worried that you wouldnt come back.我担心你不回来了 .I It was a very worrying time for them.那时他们十分忧虑 .All your changes of plan have made me totally confused.你把计戈 U改来1改去，我都糊涂了 .The instru
18、ctions on the box are very confusing.盒子上的使用说明含混不清.3）巩固在高考单项选择题和完形填空题中都曾多次出现使动词这个考点。1. -Why is the little girl crying?-She was by the scene.A. frightening; frightening B. frightened; frightenedC. frightened; frightening D. frightening; frightened2. After forty minutes of aimlessly walking in the field, we still needed twenty dozen. I was completely frustrated and . （2013天津卷完形第22空）A. surprisedB. nervousC. angryD. frightened