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1、现在分词（the present participle ） 和过去分词（the past participle ）。虽然它们在句子中都可作名词修饰语、接系动词补足语、宾语补足语等，但是它们形式不同，而且语义也有差别。现在从四方面举例说明。1.现在分词表示动作是主动的和正在进行的（例-）；过去分词的动作是被动的和完成的（例-）： The boiling water is hot. A sleeping baby is good to look at. She ha s a smiling face. You can use the boiled water to make tea. Where
2、is my lost key? A broken mirror cannot be repaired.有时，由于两个动词“异词同义”，其分词也跟着不同，如： a. Have you seen the man wearing a T -shirt?b. Who is the man dressed in a blue shirt? a. His new book consisting of useful data has been well received.b. Do you like the book made up of untrue stories?2.在语义上，现在分词和过去分词反映的
3、心理状态不同。前者有 “令人”的含义（见例）；过去分词则有“感到”的意思（见例）： The soccer match last night was thrilling.（令人紧张） The soccer fans were delighted.（感至。高兴）其他例子有： amazing: amazed; annoying: annoyed; boring: bored; confusing: confused; surprising: surprised; terrifying: terrified试比较11a和b以及12a和b:11a. This is the most confusing
4、system I have ever seen.11b. The children will get confused if asked to learn too much at atime.12a. David came with some surprising news.12b. All were surprised at Sams sudden resignation.3.在作宾语补足语时，如果宾语是有关分词逻辑上的主语，就用现在分词， 如：13. The teacher found a student dozing off.14. Dont keep the visitor waiti
5、ng.如果宾语和有关分词有“动词+宾语”关系，那么这个分词就要是过去分词 了，如：15. Where did you get your book printed?16. You should have your office whitewashed.在13里，正在打瞌睡的是宾语“ a student ” ；在14里，宾语是“thevisito r” 。 15里，“printed ” 的宾语是 “books” ； 16里， “whitewashed”的宾语是“ his office ”。4.分词短语相当于副词从句，但现在式表示的是主动的行动，如例，过去 式表小被动的行动，如：17 Entering the room, she found the wall newly painted.18 Written in haste, the essay had some errors.19 20