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1、宜接引语变间接引语引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话把人家 的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语。例如：John said, I m going to London with my father. 约翰说：我要和父亲到伦敦去。（引号内是直接引语）John said that he was going to London with his father.约翰说他要和他父亲去伦敦（宾语从句是间接引语）一、如何变人称：下面有一句顺口溜 上随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新工随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果 从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称
2、要按照主句中主语的人称。如：She said. My brother wants to go with me. fShe said her brother wanted to go with her.上随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若 从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：He said to Kate. How is your sister now? f He asked Kate how her sister was then 。第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及
3、宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修 饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化。如:Ben said: He is a good worker. Ben said he was a good worker.二、时态变化如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态。如果主句谓语动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化：（1） 一般现在时变为一般过去时；（2）现在进行时变为过去进行时；（3） 一般将来时变为过去将来时；（4）现在完成时变为过去完成时；（5）一般过去时变为过去完成时；（6）过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时注意（1）如果直接引语是表示客观真理时，变为间接引语，一般
4、现在时不改为一般过去时。如：The teacher said The earth goes round the sun.fThe teaCherat the earth goes round the sun.直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：Jack said. John, where were you going when I met you in the street? fJack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。（2）如果直接引语中有明确表示过时间（有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语）的状语，变为间
5、接引语 时，一般过去时不改为过去完成时。如：He said to me, I was born in 1973. fHe told me that he was born in 1973.（3）如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效，变为间接宾语时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：He said, I m a boy, not a girl.fHe said that he is a boy ,not a girl.（4）如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯动作，在变为间接引时，一般现在时不改为一般过 去时。如:The girl said, I get up at six ever
6、y morning.fThe girl said that she gets up at six every morning.（5）如果直接引语中含有since, when, while引导的表示过去时间的状语从 句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变。如：He said to me, I have taught English since he came here .f He told me that he had taught English since he came here.（6）如果直接引语中含有情态动词 must, need, had better
7、, ought to , used to ,以及情态动词的过去式 could, might, should, would ，在变为间接引语时，这些情态动词没有时态的改变。例如：He said , I could swim when I was only six .fHe said that he could swim when he was only six.Peter said. You had better come have today.fPeter said I had better go there that day 。The teacher said to me . You mus
8、t pay more attention to your pronunciation.fThe teacher told me that I must （have to ） pay more attention to my pronunciation.（7）如果是在当时、当地转述，时间、地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词等也可不变。如：He said, “I came here three days ago. f He said he came here three days ago.(8)如果是说话人自己引述自己的话，有关的人称代词不用变化。人称代词的转换规则不是固定的，只要符 合逻辑就行
9、。如：I said, “If you don t keep quiet, I will get you out. 我说：如果你不保持安静，我将让你出去。” f I said to him if he didn t keep quiet, I would get him out. 我对他说如果他不保持安静，我将让他出去 三、如何变状语：直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规津，时间状语由 现在”改为 原来”(例：now变为then, yesterday。 变为the day before )地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由 此改为 彼(例：this 改为 that),如：
10、He said, These books are mine. fHe said those books were his.代词等一般地应作相应的变化。指示代词this -thatthese- those表示时间的词 now - then today- that dayyesterday -the day beforethis week(month ,etc) -that week (month ,etc) ast week(month) - the week(month) before three days(a year)ago-three days(a year)before tomorro
11、w the next (following ) daynext week(month)-the next(following)week(month)表地点的词here -there动词bring - takecome -go四、如何变句型：直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。主句的引述动词主要有 say ,tell, repeat, explain, think 等。如： She said, Our bus will arrive in five minutes.f She said that their bus would arrive in five minute
12、s.直接引语如果是 反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句 ，间接引语应改为 由whether或if引导的宾语从 句。 主句的谓语动词 say 改为 ask,或 wonder, do not know, want to know, be not sure, be puzzled。如：Do you go to school by bus or by bike? fHe asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.He said, Can you swim, John? fHe asked John if he could swim.Yo u have
13、 finished the homework, haven t you? my mother asked.f My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.直接引语如果是 特殊问句，间接引语应改为 由疑问词引导 的宾语从句(宾语从句必须用陈述句语序)。She asked me, When do they have their dinner?f She asked me when they had their dinner.直接引语如果是 祈使句，间接引语应 改为tell(ask, order, beg , warn, advise
14、 等)sb (not) to do sth. 句型。如：Bring me a cup of tea, please, said she.fShe asked him to bring her a cup of tea.Don t make any noise, she said to the children.fShe told (ordered) the childremaiket any noise.直接引语如果是以“Let好头的表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用asuggest + 动句词(或从句)或 insist 。 ”如：He said, Let s go to the film.f He suggested going to the film. 或 He suggested that they should go to see the film.4.直接引语是感叹句时，间接引语为what或how引导，也可以用that引导，转为一般陈述句。She said, What a lovely day it is !f She said what a lovely day it was. 或 She said that it was a lovely day.