《英语简单句的五种基本句型(讲解、练习、打印版)精品资料.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语简单句的五种基本句型(讲解、练习、打印版)精品资料.docx（5页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、 简单句的五种基本句型讲解及习题一、句子成份英语句子成分有主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语等。顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。1、主语：表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：Country musichas become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词）One-
2、thirdof the students in this class are girls.（数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The richshould help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English teshtas not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign languag.e（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面
3、的不定式）2、谓语：谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。1)简单谓语： We study for the people.2)复合谓语： I can speak a little English. We are reading books. He has gone to Beijing.3、表语: 它位于系动词(比如 be)之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。My sister is a nurse.Is it yours?（代词）The weather has turned cold.（形容词）The speech is exciting.（分词）Three tim
4、es seven is twenty one?（数词）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）The ruler must be in your box.（介词短语）Time is up. The class is over.（副词）The truth is that he has never been abroa.d（表语从句）4、宾语: 宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，We like English.How many dictionaries do you have? I hav
5、e five.（数词）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）It began to rain.（不定式短语）I enjoy listening to popular musi.c（动名词短语）I think（that）he is fit for his office（. 宾语从句）有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。He gave me some ink.有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如：We make him
6、 our monitor(班长).5、宾补: 就是宾语补足语，就是补充说明宾语的 I see you crossing the street His father named him David.（名词）They painted（涂漆） their boat white.（形容词）Let the fresh（新鲜的） air in.（副词）You mustnt force him to lend his money to you（. 不定式短语）We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）We found everything in the lab in good o
7、rder.（介词短语）6、定语: 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。 He is a new student.但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。The bike in the room/over there/ is mine.Guilin is a beautifulcity.（形容词）China is a developing（发展中）country; America is a developed（发达）country.（分词）There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词）His progress（进步）in
8、English made us surprised.（代词）Our monitor（班长） is always the first to enter the classroo.m（不定式短语）He is reading an article(文章) about how to learn Englis.h（介词短语）7、状语: 修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。 He lives in London.Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）He has lived in
9、 the city for ten years.（介词短语）He is sorry to trouble(麻烦) you.（不定式短语）He is in the room making a model plane（. 分词短语）Once（一旦0 you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）状语种类如下：How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）I shall go there if it doesnt
10、 rain.（条件状语）Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）She came in with a dictionary in her han.d（伴随状语）In order to catch up with the other,sI must work harder.（目的状语）He was so tired that he fell asleep immediatel.y（结果状语）She works very hard though sh
11、e is old.（让步状语）I am taller than he is.（比较状语）一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. His job is to train swimmers.5. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.6. His wish is to become a scientist.7. He
12、wants to finish the work in time.8. Tom came to ask me for advice（建议）.9. He found it important to master English.10. Do you have anything else to say?11. Would you please tell me your address?12. He sat there, reading a newspaper.13. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.14. He noticed
13、（注意到） a man enter the room.15. The apples tasted sweet.简单句的五种基本句型 英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下：S十 V主谓结构主语 不及物动词S十 V十 P主系表结构S十 V十 O主谓宾结构主语 连系动词 表语主语 及物动词 宾语S十 V十 O1十 O2 主谓双宾结构S十 V十 O十 C 主谓宾补结构判断类型和句子成分：She cameShe likes English.She is happyThe t
14、eacher asked me to read the passage.She gave John a bookShe bought a book for me.My head aches.The moon rose.She makes her mother angry The sun was shining.They talked for half an hour.他们谈了半个小时。The dinner smells good. 午餐的气味很好。Everything looks different. 一切看来都不同了。His face turned red. 他的脸红了。He is grow
15、ing tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮。Who knows the answer? 谁知道答案？He enjoys reading. 他喜欢看书。I want to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。He bought you a dictionary.She ordered herself a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她给丈夫煮了一餐美馔。I showed him my pictures.I gave my car a wash. 我洗了我的汽车。He s
16、howed me how to run the machine. 他教我开机器。 What makes him think so? 他怎么会这样想？The children are playing happily.The Greens enjoy living in China.He became a famous doctor.他成为了一名著名的医生。The apple pie tastes really delicious.苹果派吃起来真是好吃。基本句型一： S十 V主谓结构这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词：appear, apologize, arrive, come, die, dis
17、appear, fall, happen, rise,如： 学生们学习很努力。_基本句型二:S十 V十 P主系表结构常见的系动词有：be(是)； get(变得), become(成为), turn(变得),look(看起来), feel(感到), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), sound(听起来), seem(似乎)A. 表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。1) We should _ _ any time.我们在任何时候都应该保持安静。2) 这种食物尝起来很
18、糟糕。_.B. 表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如：1) Spring comes. It is _. 春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。2) Dont have the food. _.不要吃那种食物，它已经变质了。基本句型三: S十 V十 O主谓宾结构1) 我昨天看了一部电影。_.2）They have _ _ _ of the children这些孩子他们照看得很好。 基本句型四: S十 V十间接宾语“人”十直接宾语“物”结构 间接宾语前需要加 to 的常用动词有： bring,give, hand,
19、lend, offer, pass, pay, read, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。间接宾语前需要加 for 的常用动词有： buy, choose, make, order, paint, play(演奏)， sing,等。1）Yesterday her father _ _ _ _ as a birthdaypresent.昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。2) The old man _ _ _ _ _ in the Long March. (正在给孩子们讲故事)这种句型还可转换为： 动词 直接宾语 for/ to s
20、b.3) Please show me your picture. =Please _ _ _ _ _.请把你的画给我看一下。4) I _ _ the salt. = I _the salt _ _.我把书递给他。基本句型五:S十 V十 O十 C 主谓宾补结构 此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语。call（叫）, choose（选）, find（发现）,make, name(命名)1）Keep _, please.2）They painted _ _ _.3) We must _ _ _ _.4) He asked
21、 me _ _ _ soon.请让孩子们安静下来。他们把门漆成绿色。我们必须保持我们的学校洁。他要我早点回来。5）我们发现他是一个懒惰的人。_.注意：动词 have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面接动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如：6）The boss _ _ _ all day. (迫使他劳动)7) We saw _ _ _. (他出去)。考点突破训练1. I am sorry to have kept you_2. I felt somebody _ me.3. He taught me _ speak English.4. I
22、shall make your dream _.5. He told _ home.A to wait B wait C waited D waitingA touch B touched C to touch D touchesA how should B how C how can I D how toA coming truly B come true C to come true D comes trueA us not to go B we not go C us not go D us to not go6. I think _ a good habit to get up ear
23、ly.7. Roses in bloom smell _.8. The weather _.A this B it C that D itsA sweeten B sweetly C sweet D sweetnessA. wet and cold9. The apple tasted _.A. sweets B. sweetly10. He got up _ yesterday morning.A. lately B. late11. _ were all very tired, but none of _ would stop to take a rest.A. We, us B. Us,
24、 we C. We, our D. We, we12. I think _necessary（必要的） to learn English well.A. its B. it C. that13. The dog _ mad（疯的）.B. is wet and coldC. not wet and coldD. were wet and coldC. nicelyD. sweetC. latestD. latterD. that isA. looksB. is lookedC. is being looked D. was looked判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句： 1. We oft
25、en study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3. There is a chair in this room, isnt there?4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in theevening.5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it?9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.