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1、动词不定式用法要点讲解一、作主语 动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种： (1)把不定式置于句首。如： To get there by bike will take us half an hour. (2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如： Itbe名词to do Its our duty to take good care of the old. It takes sb+some time+to do How long did it take you to finish the work? Itbe形容词for sbto do It
2、is difficult for us to finish writing the composition a quarter of an hour. Itbe形容词of sbto do It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says. It seems(appears)形容词to do It seemed impossible to save money. 二、作宾语 不定式作宾语 以下动词后，只能跟不定式作宾语。如：agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,
3、fail ,help,hope,lean,longmanage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wish等，这些词大部分可接th at引导的从句。如： When our visit to the farm was over, we expected to start back on foot. When our visit to the farm was over, we expected that we would start back on foot. 当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语it代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后，即：主
4、语动 词it补语to do句式。 He feels it his duty to help the poor. 介词but,except,besides+to do(do) 在这种句型中，如介词前有动词do，后面应接不带to的不定式；如无do，则接to不定式，即带do不带to， 带to不带do。如： The enemy soldiers had no choice but to give in. 部分动词后面，既可接动词不定式，也可接动名词作宾语，意义不变。如：begin,continue,start,hate,like,love,need,require,want等。在need,requir
5、e,want后接-ing形式，表示被动意义，也可接不定式，但要用被动形式，如：Your handwriting needs improving(tobe improved). hate,love,like接不定式表示特定的未来事件，接动名词表示目前 正在进行的活动或一般的行为。 在下列情况下，一般要用不定式： hate,like,love前有would(should)时，如：Id like to have a cup of coffee. 当谓语动词begin,continue,start等是进行式时，如：Thestudents are starting to work on the diff
6、icult maths problem. begin,continue,start与know,understand等状态动词连用时，如：I soon began to understand what was happening. 3advise,allow,encourage,forbid,permit等动词后接动名词作宾语，或带不定式作宾语补足语。如： Our teachers dont permit our/us swimming in the lake. Our teachers dont permit us to swim in the lake. 4部分动词后接不定式或动名词时，意义
7、差别较大，应根据句子语境选择使用。 forget,remember,regret后接不定式，表示现在或未来的动作，接动名词表示动作已经发生。如： We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited to attend the meeting. They regretted ordering these books from abroad. mean to do 打算做某事 ;mean doing 意味着 try to do 设法尽力做某事; try doing 试着做某事 stop to do 停下一件事去做另一件事（不定式作目的状语）;
8、 stop doing 停止做某事 cant help doing 禁不住; cant to do不能帮助干 go on to do 做不同的事或不同内容的事; doing 继续不停地做某事，指同一动作的继续 leave off to do 离开某地去干什么（目的状语）; leave doing停下某事 三、做表语 To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. 四、作定语 不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。如： Have you anything to be taken to your sister? Would yo
9、u please give me some paper to write on? 不定式短语作定语和被修饰词之间表示以下关系： (1)表示尚未发生的动作。 (2)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，如是不及物动词，则需加介词。 (3)与被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主位关系。 (4)不定式作定语时，一般可转换为定语从句。 五、不定式作补足语 作宾语补足语 一些及物动词除要求按宾语外，有时还需要有宾语补足语，说明宾语的行为、状态、特征，这时意思才相对完整。 (1)常要求不定式作宾补的动词有：allow,ask,advise,beg,cause,drive（强迫），encourage,expect,forbid,f
10、orce,get,would like(love,hate), order,permit,persuade,teach,tell,want,warn,wish等。如： I expect you to understand the whole passage clearly. (2)部分动词后常接to be形容词、名词短语等形式，有时to be可省略，如： consider,imagine,judge ,prove,suppose等。 I consider him(to be)one of the best biology teachers .但当不定式是完成式时，to不能省略，如：We con
11、sider him to have been foolish. (3)感觉动词和使役动词后用作宾补的不定式须省略to。 I didnt hear anyone say anything about it. They make the students do too much homework every day. 这种句式在变为被动语态时，to不能省略，如第句：The students are made to do too much homework every day. (4)部分短语动词后，常接不定式作宾补，如： The Party calls on us to increase prod
12、uction and practise economy. 常这样用的短语动词有：ask for,care for,call on ,depend on,wait for,long for（渴望），prepare for等。 作主语补足语 不定式作主语补足语，和主语构成一种逻辑上的主谓关系。如： He was not allowed to enter the classroom for being late. The young university student is considered to have great promise. 六、不定式作状语 作目的状语 (1) I stayed
13、there to see what would happen. (2)有时为了强调，不定式前可加in order或so as。如： Bob took down my telephone number so as(in order)not to forget it. 有时为强调目的状语可把in order to或不定式置于句首，但so as to不能这样用。在这种句式中不定式部分可转换为so that,in order that,成为目的状语从句，如： I stayed there so that (in order that)I could see what would happen. (3)
14、在部分表示感情色彩的形容词、过去分词或动词之后可接不定式，如：astonished,glad,happy,laugh ,pleased, sad,smile,sorry,surprised等。 We are glad to hear the news. I was surprised to see that a three-year-old baby could write so well. 在部分形容词后接不定式，用主动形式表示被动意义，这种句型中的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语。如：The question raised by the student is difficult to answer.
15、 The room is really comfortable to live in. 常这样用的形容词有：comfortable,easy,dangerous,difficult,expensive,fit,impossible等。 作结果状语 We came home after our holiday to find our garden neat and tidy. 不定式作结果状语还常用在下列句式中。如： soas to; suchas to Im not so stupid(a fool) as to put it in writing.我不至于愚蠢到会把它写下来。 enought
16、o The speed is high enough for us to catch up with the first liner. only to Jane hurried back only to find her mother dying in the hospital. tooto Im too tired to stay up longer. 但在下列结构中，tooto并非是“太而不能”之意。如： Im only too glad to have passed the exam.考试及格我太高兴了。（too修饰glad to have，相当 于very） 不定式短语还可作独立成分，
17、用于句首、句中或句末。如： To tell the truth,the play was a great disappointment tome. 常见的短语有to be exact（确切地说），to begin with（首先），to be sure（真的）等等。 七、动词不定式的其它用法 疑问词不定式结构 疑问词who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表 语等。如： When and where to go has not been decided yet. 以上例句中疑问词不定式部分，均可转换为相应的从句形
18、式。经常在这种结构中使用的动词有：consider,decide,discover,explain,find out,forget,hear,know,learn,observe,understand,wonder等。 动词不定式的时态、语态 (1)时态 一般式：动词不定式一般式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之后，有时表示同时发生。如： I returned home to find my house broken in. 完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。如： Im sorry to have kept you waiting. 进行式：表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生。如： They
19、 pretended to be thinking deeply ,when I came back.完成进行时：表示的在谓语动作之前一直进行的动作。She is said to have been writing the novel about New York for years.(2)语态 如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式一般要用被动语态形式。如： It was impossible for lost time to be made up.（不定式作主语） Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?（不
20、定式作定语） 在There be结构中，修饰主语的不定式可用被动，也可用主动。如：There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of).但有时两种形式表达的意思不同，如：These is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.) 3.在口语中，为避免重复，常用to代替不定式结构，有时甚至可以把to省略。如： Did you go to visit th
21、e Great Wall? No,I wanted(to),but there wasnt enough time. 另外，be going to,ought to,used to等也常用于这一结构中。 在why引起的问句中，省略to。如： Why dont we spend such a lot of money buying things?Why not wait for a couple of days? 当两个或更多作用相同的不定式并列使用时，只在第一个不定式前加to。如： Its quite necessary for us to read more and have more pr
22、actice.to在下列短语中是“介词”，后接动名词或名词形式。如： devoteto, look forward to（盼望），object to（反对），take to（养 成习惯，对感兴趣；开始从事某种活动），be used to（习惯于）,be devoted to ,pay/draw attention to ,get down to, treatto, be addicted to, make contributions to ,oweto, look up to, relateto,等。不定式专题：1.Is_necessary to change trains at Beijin
23、g?A. thisB. thatC. itD. he2. _ is easier than to do .A . Saying B . To say C . Said D . To having said3. He found it important _ the situation all over the world. A. study B. to study C. studies D. to be studied4_late in the morning ,Bob turned off the alarm.A To sleep B Sleeping C Sleep D Having sl
24、ept5.It was foolish his car unlocked.A.for him to leaveB.of him to leave C.for him leave D.him to leave 6. The boy refused _ for climbing the tall tree. A. to pay B. to be paid C. being paid D. paying7. I happened _ the article when he asked me about it. A, having read B. to have read C. to be read
25、D. reading8. Talking about the future career, Id prefer _ a teacher _ be a secretary. A. being, to B. to be, to C. to be, rather than D. being, more than9. The young man persuaded his father _ smoking A. to give up B. giving up C. being given up D. give up10. They would not allow him _ across the en
26、emy line. A. to risk going B. risking to go C. for risk to go D. risk going11. Believe it or not, he was seen_upstairs just now. A.to go B.to going C.having gone D.go12. Paul doesnt have to be made _ . He always works hard .A .learn B .to learn C .learned D .learning13. His wish _ a doctor came true
27、. A. becoming B. become C. to become D. became14There are five pairs_, but I am at a loss which to buy.A to be chosen B to choose from C to choose D for choosing15. The doctor did everything he could _ the patient. A. save B. to save C. saving D. saved16. I was just about _ the office when the phone
28、 rang. A. leaving B. leave C. to leave D. to leaving17. At last the enemy soldiers had no choice but _ their guns. A. to lay down B. lie down C. laying down D. lay down18. Do let your mother know all the truth . She appears _ everything .A .to tell B .to be told C .to be telling D .to have been told
29、 19.When and where to build the new power station_yet.A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided20. All I did was _ him a little push . I didnt mean to harm him .A .give B .given C .giving D .to giving 21. The library needs _,but itll have to wait until Sunday.A. to clea
30、n B. to be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned22.He made a long speech _ his ignorance (无知) of the subjectAonly to showBonly showing Cshowing Denough to show 23Ive worked with children before, so I know what _in my new job.A expected B to expect C to be expecting D expects24. Tom _ when they spoke ill
31、 of him. A. happened to be passed B. happened to be passing by C. happened passing by D. happened to passed25. To master a foreign language,_.A. a lot of practice is needed B. it needs a lot of practiceC. practice is in need of D. one needs a lot of practice26 What do you think of the book? Oh, exce
32、llent. Its worth _a second time.A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read27. The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself_ (NMET91 34) A.hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard28. On afternoon, Mrs Green went to the market, _ some bananas and visited her cousin. (NMET91 23) A. bou
33、ght B. buying C. to buy D. writing29. -I usually go there by train. -Why not _ by boat for a change? (NMET92 14) A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going30. _ a reply, he decided to write again. (MET92 39) A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not re
34、ceived31. How about the two of us _ walk down the garden? (MET93 17) A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking 32. _ down the radio - the babys asleep in the next room. (MET93 24) A. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D. Turn33. Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer. (MET93 34) A
35、. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented 34. -I must apologize for _ ahead of time.-Thats all right. (MET94 21) A. letting you not know B. not letting you know C. letting you know not D. letting not you know35. Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers_a bicycle.(NMET9
36、4 22) A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding36. The missing boys were last seen _ near the river.(NMET94 25) A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play37. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. (NMET94 34)A.having
37、 written B. to be written C. being written D. written38. -You were brave enough to raised objections at the meeting. -Well, now I regret _ that. (NMET95 26) A. to do b. to be doing C. to have done D. having done39. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him_ (NMET95 35
38、)A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to40. -What do you think made Mary so upset? -_ her new bicycle. (97上海 13) A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing41. She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake. (97 上海12) A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned4
39、2. She looks forward every spring to _ the flower-lined garden. (95 上海20) A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in43. While shopping, people sometime cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. (96上海14) A. to pursue B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded 44. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.(NMET99 21) A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make45. A computer does only what people _. (99上海19) A. have it do B. have it done C. have done it D. having it done