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1、高三语法复习之一-冠词【学习目标】1. To master the grammar rules and important points about the article firmly.2. To be able to use them flexibly by self-study and cooperation.【使用说明】 自习：25 分钟自学语法规则，15 分钟完成能力训练。【考纲要求】1. 明确定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词的使用情况.2. 能分清特指、泛指、与冠词有关的固定搭配的记忆.3. 冠词是在高考新题型语法填空和短文改错中是必考项目，能够做到灵活使用。【冠词的分类】冠词分为不定冠词
2、“a，an”、定冠词“the”和零冠词三种，零冠词指的是不用冠词的情况。3. 用以复述上文提过的人或事物：（第一次提到用“a 或 an”，以后再次提到用“the”）Once there lived a lion in the forest. Every day the lion asked small animals to look for food for him.4. 用在序数词和形容词最高级前：January is the first month of the year. Marry is the most beautiful girl in our class.但在表示“又；再”的含义
3、时用不定冠词：He failed in the experiment, but he tried it a second time.a most beautiful girl 一个非常漂亮的女孩5. 表示宇宙中或世界上独一无二的事物：the sun the moon the earth the sky the world6. 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前： the West Lake the Great Wall the United States the United Nations 联合国7. 用在表示方向、方位的名词前：in the east in the west in the fr
4、ont at the back at the top at the bottom on the right8. 用在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脉、海峡、海湾等地理名词前：不定冠词表示泛指，定冠词表示特指。泛指是指首次提到的人或事物。特指是指在上文已提the Pacific Ocean 太平洋 the Huanghe River 黄河the Taiwan Straits 台湾海峡到的人或事物，也可以是指说话双方心目中所默认的特定的人或事物。 【冠词基础知识】9. 在姓氏复数前，表示一家人： The Bakers came to see me yesterday.10. 和某些形容词连用，使形容词名词化
5、，代表一类人或物：谓语动词用复数一、不定冠词的用法:the poor 穷人the rich 富人the sick 病人the wounded 伤员元音前用 an，辅音前用 a。判断加 a 还是 an，要根据发音而不是根据字母。11. 用在表示阶级、政党的名词前：例如：She is an honest girl who has a gift for painting.the working class 工人阶级the Chinese Communist Party 中国共产党1. 用于可数名词单数前，表示一：There is a tiger in the zoo.2. 表示一类人和东西：A ti
6、ger can be dangerous.3. 表示某一个的意思：A（Some）gentleman wants to see you.4. 表示同一的意思: They are nearly of an age. 他们几乎同岁。The two shirts are much of a size. 这两件衬衫大小差不多。5. 表示每一的意思：We go swimming four times a week.6. 用在作表语的单数可数名词前表示身份职业：My mother is a teacher. 7. 第一次提到的人或事物，但不特别指明是哪一个：12. 用在 the very 强调句中：This
7、 is the very book I want. 这就是我想要的那本书。13. 在 the more, the more比较级的句式中：The more you drink, the more you like it. 你越喝就越爱喝。14. 乐器名词前面要加 the： play the piano / violin15. the 加单数可数名词可以表示一类人或事物：The horse is a useful animal= A horse is a useful animal= Horses are useful animals.马是一种 有用的动物。16. 在句型“动词+sb.+介词+t
8、he+身体某一部位”中要用 the，而不用物主代词：Long long ago there was an old king who had a very beautiful daughter. 二、定冠词的用法:take sb. by the arm 抓住某人的手臂 be red in the face 脸红hit sb. in the face 打某人的脸 be lame in the right leg 右腿瘸1. 用以特指某人或某事物：This is the house where Lu Xun once lived.2. 用于指谈话双方都明确所指的人或事物：Open the door,
9、 please.17. 比较级前加 the 表示“两者中更的那个”：The younger of the two brothers came into the room.18. 某些固定表达：in the morning / afternoon / evening all the year around一年到头 比较：on a Sunday morning. 在一个星期天的早晨。（表示某一个。）in the hospital（因事）在医院go to the school（因事）去学校go to the bed 在床上 go三、零冠词的用法：1. 专有名词前一般不加冠词：China Europe
10、 William Shakespeare 威廉 莎士比亚to the hospital 去医院 case of 就.来说take the place of 代替out of the question 完全不可能in the place of 在.的地方in the注意：The book is a Shakespeare. （莎士比亚的作品）a strong China 一个强大的中国不定冠词 a/an: after a while 过了一会儿all of a sudden 突然2. 月份、周日、节日前一般不加冠词：January Sunday Thanksgiving Christmas Da
11、y Nationalas a rule 通常as a result 结果，因此as a matter of fact 事实上Day 国庆节May Day 劳动节as a whole 大体上at a loss 不知所措in a hurry 急忙in a way 在某种程度上注意: 民族节日前要加 the 如: the Spring Festival 春节in a word 总而言之Its a pity that 令人遗憾的是 put an end to 结束3. 四季前一般不加冠词：Summer is the best season for e to an end 结束come to a con
12、clusion 得出结论have a good time 玩得愉快比较：I will never forget the summer we spent in Hawaii.（表示特指）have a rest 休息一下have a cold 感冒have a word with 和谈一谈4. 球类运动前不加冠词: play basketball / volleyball / footballhave words with 和某人吵架keep an eye for 对有鉴赏力5. 没有特指的物质名词前不加冠词: This cart is made of wood.比较：The wood outsi
13、de was all wet. 外面的那些木头都湿了。（表示特指）零冠词的用法口诀：月，季，星期，节假，洲，称呼，头衔，职务前；三餐，球类，惯用语，学科， 棋类名词前。6. 没有特指的抽象名词前不加冠词: Time is precious. 时间是宝贵的。高考中常考的纯不可数名词有：baggage, luggage, furniture, health, wealth, fun, space, advice,比较：The time of the play was 1990s. 这个剧本以 20 世纪 90 年代为背景。（表示特指） 7. 没有特指的可数名词复数形式前不加冠词：I like to
14、matoes. 我喜欢西红柿。8. 固定词组：go to bed go by train / boat at noon / at night / midnight in town 在城中9. 独立主格结构中的名词不加冠词：A boy came in, book in hand. 男孩进来，手上拿着书。10. 泛指人类：Man is mortal. 人必有一死。11. 在kind of名词 和 sort of名词句式中：What kind of flower is it? I like this sort of book.12. 指职位、头衔的词，如king，captain，president，
15、chairman 等。在作主语补足语、宾语补足语、 同位语和表语时前不加冠词。 He is captain of the team. 他是球队的队长。13. 冠词和三餐的搭配： 三餐名词单独使用时，之前通常不加冠词。 三餐名词之前若加形容词时 则除外： We have breakfast at eight我们 8 点钟吃早饭。H e gave us a good breakfast 他请我们吃了一顿丰盛的早餐。H was invited to dinner他们邀请我吃饭。I was invited to the dinner given to welcome the new ambassado
16、r我被邀参加欢迎新大使的宴会。 14. turn 用作系动词时，后面作表语的单数名词前不用冠词。He turned writer many years later. = He became/made a writer many years later.四、固定搭配：word(=news), progress, information, news, luck, wealth等，以上名词永远不能与不定冠词连用。【高考链接】Challenge I: Filling in blanks1. I just heard _ bank where Dora works was robbed by _ gun
17、man wearing a mask.(2015 重庆)2. Life is like_ ocean: Only the strong-willed can reach the other shore.(2014天津)2. I cant tell you _ way to the Wilsons because we dont have _ Wilson here in the village. (2014 重庆)2. The paper is due next month, and I am working seven days _ week, often long into_ night.
18、(2014 浙江)3. The parents were shocked by _ news that their son needed_ operation on his knee. (2013 重庆)4. It was_ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across _ night sky.(2013山东) 7. People develop_ preference for a particular style of learning at _ early age and thesepreferences affect
19、 learning.(2013浙江)8. If you want to improve your working efficiency, it will be _ must for you to make _ most of your time.零冠词：at school 在上学 at table 在进餐in class 在上课at desk 在读书 in prison 坐牢9. Here is _ very person we are looking for, one with _ good knowledge of German.in hospital 住院in bed 卧床 go to
20、school 去上学 go to bed 上床睡觉 take place 发生10. It is _ great pleasure for me to give a speech on _ nature of human beings.go to hospital 去看病in place of 代替in case of 万一out of question 毫无疑问11. The viewers will have _ second chance to watch The Voice of China on Channel 4 tonight.定冠词 the: at the table 在桌子旁
21、边 at the desk 在课桌旁 at the school 在学校里in the class12. The young boss couldnt remember when_ story happened exactly, but it might be _ winter在班里面in the bed 在床上in the prison （因事）在监狱morning when he was in London.13. -Our headmaster has put forward _ most challenging question for us to answer.-Yes, it re
22、ally is.Ive never heard _ harder one.14. Once you check _ button, _ email will be sent to you via your email address.15. Animals are obviously _ lower form of life than man.Challenge II: Error Correction1. The “Chinese dream” is the dream to improve peoples well-being and the dream of harmony, peace
23、 and development. (2013 福建)2. You are more than just the second child, more than a girl to match our boy.(2014江苏)3. -Did you enjoy yourself yesterday?-Yes, as you know, a party went on in a pleasant atmosphere.4. I dont know who invent -iphone, but I think it is a useful invention. (2015福建)4. -Its s
24、aid John will be in a job paying over $60,000 a year.-Right, he will also get paid by week.(2011江西)6. Dr. Peter Spence, the headmaster of the school, told us, “A fifth of pupil here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge. (2011 四川)6. The Smith dont usually like staying at hotels, but last summer the
25、y spent a few days at a very nice hotel by sea.(2012 江西)6. I woke up with the bad headache, yet by the evening the pain had gone.(2012辽宁)9. Carl is studying food science at college and hopes to open up the meat processing factory of his own one day.(2012 安徽)10. He missed a gold in the high jump, but
26、 will get a second chance in the long jump. (2012全国) Challenge III: Completing the passageWhen I walked down 1_ Third Avene, as 2_ rule, I used to look into the windows of 3_ old shop that sold old and beautiful things. Since I often took my walk after the closing time, I cupped my hands against 4_
27、windows to get 5_ small look at the treasures inside.Some things looked as if they had not been cared for 6_ long time, but I knew their beauty was still there beneath their own surface. I even thought they were 7_ most beautiful that I had ever seen. That was how I felt about old people, too. I kne
28、w their value, and it hurt me when other people missed it. I was raised by my grandmother and given 8_ deep sense of the value of experience. Taught to behave well, my sister and I respected other people, regardless of their age or color. My grandmother was loved by all_9_ people around her. She was
29、 known to be 10_ wise and kind woman, who was able to do things well even in her last years.Old people should be treated as find gold. They may be gradually tarnished( 失去光泽) by age, but they can be polished with respect. You might be surprised by their bright and shining qualities.Challenge I 1. the
30、,. a 2.an 3. the, a 4. a, the 5. the, an 6. a, the 7. a, an 8.a, the 9. the, a 10. a, the 11. a 12. the, a 13. a, a 14. the, an 15. aChallenge II 1. the dream 都改为 a dream 2. the a 3. a the 4. the iphone5. by the week 6. the 去掉 7. by the sea 8. a bad headache 9. the meata meat10. a goldthe goldChallenge III 1. the 2. a 3. an 4. the 5. a 6. a 7. the 8. a 9. the 10. a