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1、英语中的修辞Figures of speech （修辞）are ways of making our language figurative. When we use words in other than their ordinary or literal sense to lend force to an idea, to heighten effect, or to create suggestive imagery, we are said to be speaking or writing figuratively. Now we are going to talk about so
2、me common forms of figures of speech.1） Simile：（明喻）It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic （特性）in common. To make the comparison, words like as, asas, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with
3、 one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country.2） Metaphor：（暗喻）It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage.3） Anal
4、ogy: （类比）It is also a form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance.4） Personification: （拟人）It gives human form of feelings to
5、 animals, or life and personal attributes（赋予） to inanimate（无生命的） objects, or to ideas and abstractions（抽象）. For example, the wind whistled through the trees.5） Hyperbole: （夸张） It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. For instance, he almost died laughing.1） Unde
6、rstatement:（含蓄陈述）It is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. It achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately（故意地） understating it, impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement. For instance, It is no laughing matter.1）
7、 Euphemism: （委婉） It is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive （无冒犯） expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. For instance, we refer to die as pass away.2） Metonymy （转喻） It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that
8、 of another. For instance, the pen（words）is mightier than the sword （forces）.3） Synecdoche （提喻） It is involves the substitution of the part for the whole, or the whole for the part. For instance, they say theres bread and work for all. She was dressed in silks.4） Antonomasia （换喻）It has also to do wi
9、th substitution. It is not often mentioned now, though it is still in frequent use. For example, Solomon for a wise man. Daniel for a wise and fair judge. Judas for a traitor.5） Pun: （双关语） It is a play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning of words. For instance, a cannon-ball took off
10、his legs, so he laid down his arms. （Here arms has two meanings: a persons body; weapons carried by a soldier.）6） Syllepsis: （一语双叙） It has two connotations. In the first case, it is a figure by which a word, or a particular form or inflection of a word, refers to two or more words in the same senten
11、ce, while properly applying to or agreeing with only on of them in grammar or syntax（句法）. For example, He addressed you and me,and desired us to follow him. （Here us is used to refer to you and me.）In the second case, it a word may refer to two or more words in the same sentence. For example, while
12、he was fighting , and losing limb and mind, and dying, others stayed behind to pursue education and career.（Here to losing ones limbs in literal; to lose ones mind is figurative, and means to go mad.）13） Zeugma: （轭式搭配） It is a single word which is made to modify or to govern two or more words in the
13、 same sentence, wither properly applying in sense to only one of them, or applying to them in different senses. For example, The sun shall not burn you by day, nor the moon by night. （Here noon is not strong enough to burn）备注说明，非正文，实际使用可删除如下部分。本内容仅给予阅读编辑指点：1、 本文件由微软 OFFICE 办公软件编辑而成，同时支持 WPS。2、 文件可重新
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