重点解析:When的用法小结 .docx

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1、重点解析:When 的用法小结一、作为副词,它有以下的用法:1. 作为疑问副词,引导特殊疑问句,意为“什么时候;何时”。如: ( 1 ) When will they come back?( 2 ) What time will they come back?回答 when 引导的从句,不一定指出具体的时间点。如回答句( 1 )可用 tomorrow,next month 等。而回答 what time 引导的问句,则必须说出具全的时间点,如 at two oclock, at five past ten 等。2. 作连接副词,引导名词性从句或不定式,意为“什么时候”。从句使用陈述句语序, 时

2、态根据实际情况而定。如: ( 1 ) Id like to know when they will come. 我想知道他们什么时候来。( when 引导宾语从句)(2) Can you tell me when the bank opens? 你能告诉我银行什么时候开门吗? ( when 引导宾语从句)(3) When shell be back depends much on the weather.她何时回来在很大程度 上取决于天气。( when 引导主语从句)(4) Have you decided when to go sightseeing? 你们已经决定什么时候去郊游 了吗?(

3、when 引导不定式结构)3. 作疑问代词,常和介词 since, till, up to 等连用,意为“什么时候”。如: ( 1 ) Since when have they had the house? 他们从什么时候起有这幢房子 的?( 2 ) Till when is the library open? 图书馆开放到几点呢?4. 作关系副词,引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。如: ( 1 ) The days are gone forever when the Chinese people were looked down upon. 中国人民被人轻视的日子一去不复返了。(2) T

4、he main school holidays are from mid-December till early February, when the days are long and warm.学校的主要假期是从 12 月中旬到 2 月初,这段时间里白天 长而且很温暖。(3) Considering (the time) when these paintings were done, they are in excellent condition. 考虑到这些油画的创作时期,它们保存的状况是极好的。(4) Do you remember (the time) when the three

5、of us went on a picnic? 你 还记得我们三个人去野餐的那段时光吗?在定语从句中, that 在某些条件下可用来代替 when ,这时其先行词通常是 time, day, moment, year 等。如: ( 1 ) His mother died on the evening that he was born. 他母亲死于他出 生的那晚。( 2 ) I stay at home on the days that I am not busy.在我不忙的时候,我就呆 在家里。在某些含有“时间”的名词词组后面,由于该名词不表示时间,或整个名词词组已用作 连词,所以不用 whe

6、n 引导。如: the moment, the instant, the minute, the second 等等,意为“一就”,引导时间状语从句。如: ( 1 ) The first time I went to China, I visited Beijing. 我第一次来中 国就游览了北京。( 2 ) I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her. 我第一次见到她时就认为她很诚实。( 3 ) The instant I saw him I knew he was my brother. 我一看到他就知道他是 我兄弟。二、作

7、为从属连词,引导状语从句,表示多种语法意义:1. 表示时间,意为“当时;在的时候”。A. 在时间、条件等状语从句里,用一般现在时表示将来时;当需要表达将来完成的意义 时,必须使用现在完成时来代替。如: ( 1 ) When you see him, please say hello to him. 见到他时,代我问他好。 ( 2 ) When you have finished your experiment, please tidy the lab and puteverything back in the cupboards. 当你们做完实验后,请把实验室整理好并把物品放回 柜子中。B.

8、表示过去发生的事情,在 when 引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中,动作发生在先 的用过去完成时,在后的用过去时。如: ( 1 ) When I was in Japan, I bought some beautiful pearls. 我在日本时, 买了一些漂亮的珍珠。( 2 ) When I reached the station, the train had left. 当我到达火车站时,火 车已经开走了。2. 表示前面的叙述所没有提到过的信息。它总是对所描述的事件予以引人注目的强调, 意为“这时;突然”;当位于句末的分句具有引种用法时,大致有以下三种情况:A. when 分句前面的分句

9、使用过去进行时。如: ( 1 ) He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in. 他 正笑着的时候,门突然开了,他妻子走了进来。( 2 ) I was thinking of this when I heard my name called.我正想着这件事时, 突然听到有人叫我的名字。B. when 分句前面的分句使用 was (were) about to, was (were) on the point 等。 如: ( 1 ) We were about to start when it began to ra

10、in.我们刚要出发就开始下雨了。( 2 ) He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door.他刚 要走就有人敲门。C. when 分句之前的分句用过去完成时,其中 sb had hardly / scarcely /barely when 已成为固定词组。如:(1) We had hardly fallen asleep when the bell rang. 我们刚刚入睡,铃声就 响了起来。(2) He had scarcely arrived when he had to leave again. 他刚刚到达就

11、又要 离开了。3. 表示条件,相当于 if ,引导条件状语从句。如: How can I get a job when I cant even read or write? 如果我连读和写都不 会,我怎么能找到工作呢?4. 表示对比,主要有以下两种情况:A. 相当于 whereas, while, since, 意为“既然;然而”。如: ( 1 ) How can I help them to understand when they wont listen to me? 既然他们不愿听我的,我又怎么能帮助他们弄明白呢?( 2 ) They have only three copies whe

12、n we need five.他们只有三本,而我们却 需要五本。B. when 从句中使用虚拟语气,意为“本来却”。如: ( 1 ) She paid when she could have entered free. 本来可以免费入场,而 她却付了款。(2) She stopped trying when she might have succeeded next time. 她本来下 次有可能获得成功,但她却不再尝试了。(3) They were gossiping, when they should have been working. 他们本该工 作,却在那里说别人的闲话。5. 由 w

13、hen 等引导的状语从句,如果主语与主句的主语一致或是 it ,谓语动词又含 be 动词时,主语和 be 动词常常被省略,就变成“ when + V-ing/ V-ed/ adj/ 介词词组”的 结构。如: ( 1 ) When in Rome, do as Romans do. 入乡随俗。(2) When (we are ) young, we are full of hope. 年轻时,我们大家总是充 满希望。(3) Dont reach sideways when standing on a ladder. 站在梯子上时,不要侧 着身子去够东西。备注说明,非正文,实际使用可删除如下部分。

14、本内容仅给予阅读编辑指点:1、 本文件由微软 OFFICE 办公软件编辑而成,同时支持 WPS。2、 文件可重新编辑整理。3、 建议结合本公司和个人的实际情况进行修正编辑。4、 因编辑原因,部分文件文字有些微错误的,请自行修正,并不影响本文阅读。Note: it is not the text. The following parts can be deleted for actual use. This content only gives reading and editing instructions: 1. This document is edited by Microsoft of

15、fice office software and supports WPS.2. The files can be edited and reorganized.3. It is suggested to revise and edit according to the actual situation of the company and individuals. 4. Due to editing reasons, some minor errors in the text of some documents should be corrected by yourself, which does not affect the reading of this article.

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