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1、英语四级练习题及答案 2017题目不能做过就忘，一定要善于总结，发现规则。以下整理的练习题及答案，希望对 大家备考有所帮助，更多信息请关注网!Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Precious Water. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:1. 举例说明水对人类的重要性2. 举例说明我国所
2、面临的水资源问题3. 为了生存和发展人们要Precious WaterPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)
3、,B),C) and D). For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Pollution: A Life and Death IssueOne of the main themes of Planet under Pressure is the way many of the Earths environmental crises reinforce one another. Pollution is an obvious example-we do not have
4、 the option of growing food, or finding enough water, on a squeaky-clean planet, but on one increasingly tarnished and trashed by the way we have used it so far.Cutting waste and clearing up pollution cost money. Yet time and again it is the quest for wealth that generates much of the mess is the fi
5、rst place. Living in a way that is less damaging to the Earth is not easy, but it is vital, because pollution is pervasive and often life-threatening.Air: the World Health Organization (WHO) says three million people are killed worldwide by outdoor air pollution annually from vehicles and industrial
6、 emissions, and 1.6 million indoors through using solid fuel. Most are in poor countries.Water: diseases carried in water are responsible for 80% of illnesses and deaths in developing countries, killing a child every eight seconds. Each year 2.1 million people die from diarrhoeal (痢疾的) diseases asso
7、ciated with poor water.Soil: contaminated land is a problem in industrialized countries, where former factories and power stations can leave waste like heavy metals in the soil. It can also occur in developing countries, sometimes used for dumping pesticides. Agriculture can pollute land with pestic
8、ides, nitrate-rich fertilizers and slurry from livestock. And when the contamination reaches rivers it damages life there, and can even create dead zones off the coast, as in the Gulf of Mexico.Chronic ProblemChemicals are a frequent pollutant. When we think of chemical contamination it is often ima
9、ges of events like Bhopal that come to mind. But the problem is widespread. One study says 720% of cancers are attributable to poor air and pollution in homes and workplaces. The WHO, concerned about chemicals that persist and build up in the body, especially in the young, says we may be conducting
10、a large-scale experiment with childrens health.Some man-made chemicals, endocrine (内分泌) disruptors like phthalates (酞酸盐) and nonylphenol-a breakdown product of spermicides (杀精子剂), cosmetics and detergents-are blamed for causing changes in the genitals of some animals. Affected species include polar
11、bears-so not even the Arctic is immune. And the chemicals climb the food chain, from fish to mammals, and to us.About 70,000 chemicals are on the market, with around 1,500 new ones appearing annually. At least 30,000 are thought never to have been comprehensively tested for their possible risks to p
12、eople.At first glance, the plastic buckets stacked in the corner of the environmental NGO office look like any others. But the containers are an unlikely weapon in one poor communitys fight against oil companies which they say are responsible for widespread ill-health caused by years of pollution. T
13、he vessels are used by a network of local volunteers, known as the Bucket Brigade, to gather air samples in neighborhoods bordering oil refineries, as part of a campaign to monitor and document air pollution which they believe is coming from the plants.In South Africa, as in many developing and newl
14、y industrialized countries, legislation on air pollution has failed to keep pace with mushrooming industries. So local residents, like many in poor communities around the globe, have faced the problem of investigating their claim that industries on their doorsteps are making them sick.Trade-offBut t
15、he snag is that modern society demands many of them, and some are essential for survival. So while we invoke the precautionary principle, which always recommends erring on the side of caution, we have to recognize there will be trade-offs to be made.The pesticide DDT does great damage to wildlife an
16、d can affect the human nervous system, but can also be effective against malaria (疟疾). Where does the priority lie?The industrialized world has not yet cleaned up the mess it created, but it is reaping the benefits of the pollution it has caused. It can hardly tell the developing countries that they
17、 have no right to follow suit.Another complication in tackling pollution is that it does not respect political frontiers. There is a U.N. convention on trans-boundary air pollution, but that cannot cover every problem that can arise between neighbors, or between states which do not share a border. P
18、erhaps the best example is climate change-the countries of the world share one atmosphere, and what one does can affect everyone.For One and All.One of the principles that are supposed to apply here is simple-the polluter pays. Sometimes it is obvious who is to blame and who must pay the price, but
19、it is not always straightforward to work out just who is the polluter, or whether the rest of us would be happy to pay the price of stopping the pollution.O ne way of cleaning up after ourselves would be to throw less away, designing products to be recycled or even just to last longer.P revious gene
20、rations worked on the assumption that discarding our waste was a proper way to get rid of it, so we used to dump nuclear materials and other potential hazards at sea, confident they would be dispersed in the depths.We now think that is too risky because, as one author wrote, theres no such place as
21、away, and theres no such person as the other.Irritating AirDespite recent improvements, however, the health problems are still there. A 2002 medical study, carried out by Durbans Nelson Mandela School of Medicine and a U.S. university, found that an abnormally high 52% of students and teachers at a
22、primary school bordering the Engen plant suffered from asthma (哮喘). It found that increases in air pollution tended to aggravate asthma symptoms in children.The petrol producers do not dispute the findings but argue that researchers were unable to establish a causal link between air pollution and th
23、e high prevalence of asthma among the school population.For the community, the next step is to take legal action. But, according to internationally recognized environmentalist Bobby Peek, targeting the companies would be difficult as it wouldbe near-impossible to prove that illnesses suffered were c
24、aused by pollution coming from a particular plant.Mr. Peek, who grew up beneath Engens stacks, says the activists are now considering taking action against the authorities. We are now looking at suing the government on constitutional grounds, for failing to ensure our right to protection from a harm
25、ful environment as stipulated in the constitution, he said.Legislative ChangeA new batch (批) of environmental laws, the National Air Quality Management Act, has just been passed by the South African parliament to replace outdated 1965 legislation with tighter controls and tougher sanctions.Martinus
26、van Schalkwyk, the minister of environmental affairs and tourism, visited the south Durban basin earlier this year and said there were measures in place to improve the situation. I share the anger and frustration of this community. It is long overdue, he told the South African Broadcasting Corporation.The local authorities have also established a Multi-Point Plan for the area. They say it is a powerful model for tackling pollution and points to a 40% reduction in sulphur dioxide emissions in recent years.