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1、高考英语：改错题解题技巧 一、 命题特点短文改错的语言材料通常是考生的文章或类似于考生习作的文章。所选材料 篇幅较短，约 100 个单词，10-12 个句子；难度不大，基本上无生僻的词汇和语 法结构。短文改错的错误类型有多词、缺词和错词三种，在文章的 10 个错误中，其 比例一般为 1:1:8，即 1 个多词、1 个缺词和 8 个错词。二、 设题特点短文改错的设题通常从三个方面入手：词法错误、句法错误和行文逻辑错误。 1. 词法错误错误类型通常有以下几种：冠词使用不当，名词的单复数使用错误， 形容词与副词的混用，代词的误用，介词的误用等。（1）冠词使用不当。 不定冠词 a 和 an 混用，不定
2、冠词 a 和 an 和定冠词 the 混用，不定冠词多余或缺失。习题：1. They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.1. I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen.（ 2）名词的单复数使用错误。 错误类型：复数错用成了单数，单数错 用成了复数，不可数名词用了复数形式。习题：Mom has a full-time job, but she has to do
3、most of the houseworks. （3）形容词、副词。主要考查形容词和副词的误用以及其比较级和最高 级的误用等。习题：My mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so I decided to ask her for help.（4）代词的误用：考查各类代词的用法，错题类型涉及多词、缺词和错 词三种。习题： Five minutes later, Tony saw parents.（5）介词的误用：此类改错题主要考查介词的意义、用法及固定搭配。 涉及动词时，如果动词是及物动词，其后直接接宾语，不需要介词，如果其后有 介词，那这个介
4、词就是多余的；而不及物动词不可以直接接宾语，如果接宾语需 借助恰当的介词，如果缺少了这个介词，就会出现错误。及物动词：see, watch, eat, drink, do, take, beat, buy, cut, carry, drive, fry, give, hit, kick, lend, make, open, read, study, try, use, wash不及物动词：look ,wait, cry, smile, laugh, go, come习题：My soccer coach retired in last week.2. 句法错误句法错误的主要类型是：动词时态、语态
5、的错误；非谓语动词使用错误； 主谓一致错误；名词性从句中连词的误用；定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的误 用等。这类错误通常与句子成分的分析紧密相关，所以难度较大。（1）动词的时态、语态错误。近几年主要考点为一般现在时和一般过去时 的混用。一般来说，短文改错中必有一个时态错误。习题：Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.（2）非谓语动词使用错误。 该错误类型主要体现在以下几个方面：动词不 定式的符号 to 赘余或残缺，过去分词和现在分词的混用等。习题
6、：Weve been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars.（3）主谓一致错误。 主谓一致错误类型主要是：主语是复数形式，而谓语 使用了单数形式；或者是主语是单数形式，谓语使用了复数形式。习题：He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us.（4）主从句连词误用。a.状语从句类别地点状语从句时间状语从句 as,etc.原因状语从句目的状语从句结果状语从句条件状语从句让步状语从句比较状语从句方式状语从句连词where,whereverwhen, whenever, while, as, bef
7、ore, after, since, till, once, as,soonbecause, since, as, for, now that, etc.in order that, so that, that, etc.sothat, so that, suchthat, that, etc.if, unless, as(so)long as, etc.though, although, even if, even though, however, whatever, as,etc. asas, soas, than, etc.as, as if, as though, etc.b. 定语从
8、句的连词：关系代词：that, which, whose, who(m)关系副词：when, where, whyc.名词性从句的连词：从属连词：that, whether, if连接代词：what, who(m), which, whose, who(m)ever, wherever, whichever 连接副词： when, where, why, how习题：1.The question is what they have signed the contract.2. He failed in the exam made his parents disappointed.3. This
9、 is the best movie which I have watched this years.4. This is a book which cover is green.3. 行文逻辑错误改错的过程中，如果词法和句法均没有错误，则须从行文逻辑来判断句子的 合理性。行文逻辑错误常见的有代词的指代错误，连词的逻辑意义错误等。（1）代词的指代错误。带刺的指代错误常见的是代词的指代对象、单复数及 代词的格与文章的逻辑意义不一致，此外还有反身代词的错用。习题：Every time he arrived home at the end of the day, wed greet her at t
10、he door. （2）连词的逻辑意义错误。习题：In fact, I dont like to go anymore, so Im afraid Ill lose their friendship. 改错练习：一、单句改错1. Now people get a lot of informations from TV.2. German is a European country.2. They didnt want me to do any work at family.3. Yesterday I met an old friend of my father.4. Boys and gir
11、ls, dont lose hearts. Do better next time.5. They are of different size.6. It is so beautiful place that you must visit it.7. What a terrible weather we have been having!8. It took place in France, an European country.9. Suddenly I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd.10. What good time
12、 we had last night!11. We shall spend three-day holiday together.12. I came to understand that was not easy to earn money.13. Some parents think useless for girls to go to school.14. When he bought a chocolate cake, he put them in a secret place.15. One day I wrote a little story and showed to my te
13、acher.17. Its important that we should think over before doing anything.18. The truck was moving so fast that the driver couldnt control.19. I apologized and controlled me at my best till the dinner started.20. We must take part in the social practice to prepare us well for our future.Test one:As we
14、 all know, travelling can be an excited experience. Let me give you some advices that you have to pay attention. You can find out more about your destinationby surf the Internet before you set out. You neednt take too many cash. Since it can be very convenient to pay in cash, using cheques is much m
15、ore reliable. In additional, it will be wise of you to take an umbrella in case of it should rain. And if you are totravel abroad, youd better understand the cultural diversity. Keep it in mind that being politely in foreign countries can help you had a wonderful trip.Test two:My uncle is the owner
16、of a restaurant close to that I live .Though not verybig ,but the restaurant is popular in our area .It is always crowded with customers atmeal times .Some people even had to wait outside. My uncle tells me that the key tohis success is honest. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high q
17、uality oilare using for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time. Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady.Test three:Failure is part of our life. Somebody has ever achieved great success without lotsof failures. One experience left lasting im
18、pression on me. Ive been fond of playingthe piano since my childhood. Last year there was a piano competition for teenager inmy city and I take part in it. I couldnt wait to show off. The day finally came.However, when I was on the stage I was very nervous that I made several mistakeswhile playing.
19、My performance was a completely failure!It was only after the competition when I realized my failure resulted in my lackof practice. From then on, I devoted more time to play the piano because I firmly believe that practice make perfect.Test Four:Im glad to hear from you. Now Ill tell you something
20、about my after-school activities.We had many interest groups, such as English, maths, computer, science, singingor dancing. We also have a band and some sports team. Students can be members ofany group according their interest. Every day, we enjoy ourselves by taking a part inall kinds of after-scho
21、ol activities. The most popular ones is ball games and theEnglish corner. More and more students keep come to the English corner because they find of great help to their English study.Im looking forward to receiving your letter so oner.Test Five:In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday,
22、I took driving lessons. Istill remember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I hadlearned the instructors orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes bl ank. I forgotwhat he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speedup!” “Slow down!” “Turn
23、ing left!” I was so much nervous that I could hardly tellwhich direction was left. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.单句改错：1-5 informations-information; German-Germany; family-home; father-fathers;
24、 hearts-heart;6-10 size-sizes; a place; 删除 a; an-a; 删除 a11-15 a good time; a three-day; that 后加 it; think 后加 it; them-it;16-20 showed 后加 it; think 后加 it; control 后加 it; me-myself; us-ourselves;Test one:1. excited-exciting4. surf-surfing7. additional-addition10.had-haveTest two:1. that-where2. advice
25、s-advice5. many-much8. in case 后 of 去掉2. 删掉 but 3. Had-have3. pay attention 后加 to6. Since-Though/Although9. politely-polite4. honest-honesty5. or-and6. using-used 7. Becoming前加 ofTest three:8. The-a 9. our-his 10.steady-steadily1. somebody-nobody4. take-took2. Left 后加 a 3. Teenager-teenagers 5.very-
26、so 6. completely-complete 7.when-that 8. In-from 9. play-playing 10.make-makesTest four:1. my-our 2. had-have 3. or-and 4. team-teams 5. 加 to 6. a 删 7. is-are 8. come-coming 9. find 后加 it 10. sooner-soonTest five:1. eighteen-eighteenth4. goes-went2. First day 前加 the/my 3. So-but/yet5.word-words 6. turning-turn 7. 删除 so 后面的much 8. late-later 9. suddenly-sudden 10.on-of