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1、不定式用法及高考链接一、不定式的句法功能不定式在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语和状语：1. 作主语，如：To smoke is a bad habit. 吸烟是一个坏习惯。2. 作表语，如：Our work is to clean the windows. 我们的工作是擦玻璃。When he _ the door, he found his keys were nowhere.（2009湖南卷）A. would open B. opened C. had opened D. was to open【解析】答案D。考查非谓语动词。动词不定式的用法。句意为：当他要打开门的时候,他发现他
2、的钥匙不见了。动词不定时表示将要发生的动作。3. 作宾语，如：She wanted to learn more. 她想多学些。- What s the matter with Della?- Well, her parents wouldnt allow her to go to the party, but she still _.（2009江苏卷）A. hopes to B. hopes so C. hopes not D. hopes for【解析】答案A。考察固定搭配，hope to do sth。David threatened _ his neighbour to the poli
3、ce if the damages were not paid.（2009上海卷）A. to be reported B. reporting C. to report D. having reported【解析】答案C。考查非谓语的用法。threaten to do sth.威胁要做某事。因为该句是主动关系所以答案为C。4. 作宾语/主语补足语：如：Would you like anybody to help you? 你想找个人帮忙吗？John was made to wash the truck for a week as a punishment. 作为惩罚，约翰被迫洗车一周。She
4、wished that he was as easy _32_ （please）as her mother，who was always delighted with perfume. （2009广东卷）【解析】答案to please。在形容词后作主补，只能用动词不定式。Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, _ reduce unemplo
5、yment pressures. （2009江苏卷）A. help B. to have helped C. to help D. having helped 【解析】答案C。China are expected to help reduce unemployment pressures. to help 与to hire 位置相同，都做主补。5. 作定语，如：Be quiet, please. I have something important to say. 请安静，我有重要事要说。The play _ next month aims mainly to reflect the loca
6、l culture.（2009安徽卷） A. produced B. being produced C. to be produced D. having been produced【解析】答案C。本题考查非谓语动词作定语的用法,句中已明显给出将来时间的标志next week,因此作定语应该选择动词不定式来表达将来。With the world changing fast, we have something new _ with all by ourselves every day.（2009重庆卷） A. deal B. dealt C. to deal D. dealing【解析】答案C
7、。考查不定式做定语的用法。deal with的动作发出者是句子的主语，所以要用主动表示被动。6. 作状语（目的、原因和结果），如：To see clearly, she stood up.为了看得更清楚，她站了起来。（目的状语）We were all pleased to hear the good news. 听到这个好消息，我们都很高兴。（原因状语）She hurried to school, only to find that it was Sunday and there was no school. 她匆忙赶到学校，却发现那天是星期天，不上学。（结果状语）The children a
8、ll turned _ the famous actress as she entered the classroom.（2009全国卷I） A. looked at B. to look at C. to looking at D. look at【解析】答案B。考查非谓语动词。后句意思是“这位著名女演员一走进教室”，可以猜测前句意思是“孩子们都转身去看她”。turn意思是转身，后面跟不定式作状语，表示目的。_, you need to give all you have and try your best.（2009辽宁卷）A. Being a winner B. To be a winn
9、er C. Be a winner D. Having been a winner 【解析】答案B。考查不定式作目的状语。根据后句你需要付出你的一切和努力，前面应该是后句的目的，意思“为了当冠军，”buy 意思是“obtain at a sacrifice”符合句意，选B。二、不定式的时态和语态形式不定式的时态分为三类：一般式、完成式、进行式；语态分为：主动语态和被动语态。现以动词build为例，将动词不定式的时态和语态列表如下：主动语态被动语态一般式to buildto be written完成式to have writtento have been written进行式to be writ
10、ing1. 一般式：动词不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，或者发生于谓语动词所表示的动作之后。如：I was glad to see you. 见到你时我很高兴。（to see和was glad同时发生）They invited me to attend their party. 它们邀请我参加他们的晚会。（to attend发生在invited之后）【高考链接】_ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.（2009天津卷）A. Competing B. Having completed C. To
11、 have completed D. To complete【解析】答案D。考查非谓语动词不定式做目的状语用法。由后句the staff were working at weekends.可知在周末一直在工作的目的就是按时完成工程，故选D符合。2. 完成式：动词不定式的完成式所表示的动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作发生，如：He was said to have gone back. 据说他已经回去了。（to have gone发生在was said之前）3. 进行式：动词不定式的进行式表示其动作正在进行，而且与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。如：They seem to be discussing
12、 your problem. 他们好像正在讨论你的问题。4. 被动形式如果不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的执行者，不定式用主动语态；如果不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式用被动语态动语态。如：He asked to be sent to work in the countryside. 他请求被派往农村工作。（一般式的被动语态）He thought it an honor to have been invited to the party. 被邀参加晚会他感到很荣幸。（完成式的被动语态） 【高考链接】Nowadays people sometimes separate
13、their waste to make it easier for it _.（2009湖南卷）A. reusing B. reused C. reuses D. to be reused【解析】答案D。考查动词不定式的用法。句意为：现在人们有时把他们的废物分开，以便很容易被重复利用。重新再利用是指将来发生的动作，而且是被动的。故选D。We are invited to a party _ in our club next Friday.（2009山东卷） A. to be held B. held C. being held D. holding【解析】答案A。本题考查非谓语动词的用法，由n
14、ext month可知时间是在将来，party是被举行，故选A。三、不定式的省略形式如果句子前面已经出现过同样的动词，为了避免重复，句子后面的不定式常省去动词原形，只留下不定式符号to。如：I thought Tom was going to attend the meeting, but in fact he didnt really want to.我认为汤姆要去参加那个会议，但事实上，他并不真想去。（to后省略了前面已出现过的 attend the meeting）注意：如果不定式符号to之后的动词原形是be 或have时，在省略句中通常要保留be 和have，但随后的成分仍可省略。如：
15、Mary is a fine singer, as her mother used to be.玛丽和她母亲过去一样，是一个很好的歌手。（to后省略了前面已出现过的a fine singer ，但保留了be）四、疑问词+ to do此外，不定式还可以与疑问词构成“疑问词+ to do”特殊结构，其句法功能相当于一个名词性从句，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等。如：He told us whether _ a picnic was still under discussion.（2009四川卷）A. to have B. having C. have D. had【解析】答案A。考查非谓语的用法，分析句子可知whether +to do sth. 做了宾语从句的主语, He told us 后省略了宾语从句的引导词that5 / 5