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1、International Business EnglishLesson 1International BusinessBusiness Knowledge:The major differences between international business and domestic businessA. Differences in legal systemsB. Differences in currenciesC. Differences in cultural backgroundD. Different in natural and economic conditions The
2、 major types of international businessA. Tradea. Commodity tradeb. Service tradeB. Investmenta. Foreign direct investmentb. Portfolio investmentC. Other typesa. Licensing and franchisingb. Management contract and contract manufacturingc. Turnkey project and BOTTrade Terms:1. Customs area 关税区 :2. Con
3、version 货币兑换3. Visible trade 有形贸易 : The form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another. (including cash transaction-by means of money and market, and counter trade)4. Invisible trade 无形贸易 : The form of transpor
4、tation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc. is called invisible trade or service industries.5. FDI 外国直接投资 : Foreign direct investments. Returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in a host country. / P.256. One country acquires assets in a foreign coun
5、try for the purpose of controlling and managing them.6.Portfolio investment 证券投资 : Purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling.7. Stocks 股票 : Capital stocks or bonds.8. Bonds 债券 : The papers issued by a government or a firm with promise to pay back the money lent or in
6、vested together with interest.9. Maturity （票据等）到期10. Certificate of deposit 大额存单11. Licensing 许可经营 : In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country. They choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to stat business, and can sim
7、ply receive income inthe form of royalty.12.Franchising 特许经营 : Under franchising, franchisee is allowed to operate in the name of another, franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos and operating techniques for royalty.13. Trade Mark 商标14. Patent 专利15. Royalty 专利（许可）使用费，版
8、税16. Copyright 版权17. Licenser 许可方18. Licensee 被许可方19. Franchiser 特许方 : A firm who provides the franchisee with trademarks, brand names, logos and operating techniques for royalty.20. Franchisee 被特许方 : A firm is allowed to operate in the name of another.21. Management contract 管理合同 : Under a manageme
9、nt contract, one company offers managerial or other specialized services to another within a particular period for a flat payment or a percentage of the relevant business volume.22. Value chain 价值链.23. Turnkey project “交钥匙” 工程 : For an international turnkey project, a firm signs a contract with a fo
10、reign purchaser and undertakes all the designing, contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion.24. BOT 建设、经营和移交: Build, Operate, Transfer25. Expertise 专门知识26. Bonus 红利、奖金、津贴27. Royalty 许可使用费28.International investment 国际投资 : Supplying capital by residents o
11、f one country to another.29. Contract manufacturing 承包生产30. GATT 关贸总协定 : General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade31.Internationalbusiness 国际商务 : Transaction between parties from differentcountries. Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of thesame country is also regarded as
12、import and export.32.Intellectual property 知识产权33.Oil deposit:石油储备 = oil reserves34. the reserves of natural resources 自然资源储备35. Personal advancement 个人的晋升，个人素质的提高以及个人事业的进步等。Answer the following questions:1. What does international business refer to? Please tell the difference between international
13、business and domestic business.A: International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries. Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export.Some major differences between international business an
14、d domestic business is following:(1) Differences in legal systems(2) Differences in currencies(3) Differences in cultural background(4) Different in natural and economic conditions.2. Please explain the differences between visible trade and invisible trade. Which is becoming more and more important
15、and accounts for an increasing proportion in international trade?A: Visible trade is the form of commodity trade. The form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc. is called invisible trade or service industries. The later is become more and more important.3
16、. Can you cite some examples to illustrate cultural differences in international business?A: Cultural differences including language, customs, traditions, religion, value, behavior etc.4.Please elaborate on the two categories of international investment. What is their major difference?A: FDI (Foreig
17、n direct investment) is made for returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in in a host country. Portfolio investment refers to purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling. Such financial assets may be stocks, bonds or certificates of deposit.5. Wh
18、at is licensing? Why do firms sometimes choose it as a means of entering a foreign market?A: In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country. They choose licensing because they do not have to make cashpayments to stat business, and can simply recei
19、ve income in the form of royalty. Besides, they can benefit from locational advantages of foreign operation without any obligations in ownership or management. The use of licensing is particularly encouraged by high customs duty and non-tariff barriers on the part of the host country.6. What is fran
20、chising? How is it different from licensing?A: Under franchising, franchisee is allowed to operate in the name of another, franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos and.operating techniques for royalty. In comparison with the relation between the licenser and the license
21、e, the franchiser has more control over and provides more support for the franchisee.7. What is a management contract? Under what conditions is it most applicable?A: Under a management contract, one company offers managerial or other specialized services to another within a particular period for a f
22、lat payment or a percentage of the relevant business volume. When a government forbids foreign ownership in certain industries it considers to be of strategic importance but lacks the expertise for operation, management contracts maybe a practical choice enabling a foreign company to operate in the
23、industry without owning the assets.8.What is an international turnkey project? In what way is its variant BOT different from it?A: For an international turnkey project, a firm signs a contract with a foreign purchaser and undertakes all the designing, contracting and facility equipping before handin
24、g it over to the latter upon completion. For a BOT project, a firm operates a facility for a period of time after building it up before finally transferring it to a foreign company. Making profit from operating the project for a period is the major difference between BOT and the common turnkey proje
25、ctTranslate the following sentences into English:1.国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而比国内贸易要复杂得多。International business refers to transaction between parties form different countries. It involves more factors and thus is more complicated the domestic business.2.随着经济一体化进程的发展，很少人和公司能完全独立于国际商务之外而存在。因此， 在此
26、方面具有一定的知识是十分必要的，这既有益于企业的发展又有.益于个人的进步。With the development of economic globalization, few people or companies can completely stay away from international business. Therefore, some knowledge in this respect is necessary both for the benefit of enterprises and personal advancement.3.其他参与国际贸易的形式有管理合同、承包
27、生产和“交钥匙”工程。Other forms for participating in international business are management contract, contract manufacturing and turnkey project.4.国际贸易最初以商品贸易的形式出现，即在一国生产或制造商品而出口或进口到另一国进行消费或转售。International business first took the form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufac
28、tured in one country for consumption or resalein another.5.除了国际贸易和投资，国际许可和特许经营有时也是进入国外市场的一种方式。Besides trade and investment, international licensing and franchising are sometimes taken as a means of entering a foreign market.Lesson 2Income Level and the World MarketBusiness Knowledge:(1) GNP and GDP(
29、2) Per capita income and per capita GDP(3) High-income, middle income and low-income countriesA. Standards for classificationB. Representative countries(4) Triad and QuadA. United StatesB. Western Europe.C. JapanD. Canada(5) Other important markets for ChinaTrade Terms:1. GNP 国民生产总值 : Gross national
30、 Product. The market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy.2. GDP 国内生产总值 : Gross Domestic Product. The market value of all goods and services produced within the geographic area of an economy.3. National income 国民收入4. Per capita income 人均
31、收入5.Per capita GDP 人均国内生产总值 : It is calculated by dividing its total GDP by its population, which reveals the average income level of consumers.6. PPP 购买力平价 : Purchasing power parity7. Consumerism 消费主义8. Income distribution 收入分布 : The proportions of its rich, middle income and poor people.9. Infra s
32、tructure 基础设施10. Staple goods 大路货11. Invoice （开）发票12. Creditor country 债权国13.OECD 经 合 组 织 ， 经 济 合 作 与 开 发 组 织 : Organization for EconomicCooperation and Development.14.The Commonwealth of Independent States 独联体，独立国家联合体15.ASEAN 东盟，东南亚国家联盟 : Association of Southeast Asian Nationals.16. NIEs （亚洲四小虎） :
33、Newly Industrialized Economies17. Factors of production 生产要素Answer the following questions:.1. Explain the concepts of GNP and GDP respectively and point out their major difference. Can we use them interchangeably?A: GNP (Gross national Product) refers to the market value of goods and services produ
34、ced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy. GDP(Gross Domestic Product) measures the market value of all goods and services produced within the geographic area of an economy. The difference between them is that GNP focuses on ownership of the factors of production while GDP c
35、oncentrates on the place where production takes place. The difference between GNP and GDP can be ignored since it very small in most cases. Therefore, we can use them interchangeably.2. In what different ways are GDP and per capita income significant in assessing the potential of a particular market
36、?A: Total GDP indicates the overall size of an economy, which is important in market assessment for durable equipment or bulk goods (grain, steel or cement). Per capita GDP reveals the average income level of consumers, which is important when marketing consumer durables.3. What are meant by high in
37、come, middle income, and low-income countries according to the World Bank? Cite some examples for each group.A: High-income countries: those enjoying annual per capita income of $9386 and above. In this group comprise three types of countries; most members of OECD, rich oil producing countries of th
38、e Middle East, small-industrialized countries or regions.Middle-income countries: those with annual per capita income below $9386 but above $765. Included in this category is most East European countries and most members of the Commonwealth of Independent States, six OECD members, quite a number of
39、Latin American countries and some comparatively developed countries in Asia, South Africa and oil-producing countries in African.Low-income countries: those that have per capita incomes of only $765 or even less. Most African countries, some Asian countries and a few Latin American countries are inc
40、luded in this group.4. Why are high-income countries important to trade and investment? Should we neglect low-income countries in international business?A: High-income countries often have good infrastructure, high purchasing power, and advanced technology, efficient management and favorable environ
41、ment for trade andinvestment. They offer prime markets for expensive consumer goods and are both attractive sources and destinations of investment.In international trade the low-income countries should not be neglected, because they constitute markets for lower-priced staple goods, provide cheap lab
42、or and are often rich in resources. Once tapped, the business potential of these countries will one day become real business opportunities.5.Was China a low-income country a few years ago? How about now?A: China with a per capita income of over $1100 is a middle-income country though it was a low-in
43、come country just a few years ago.6.What does the term“Triad ”refers to? What is meant by Quad?A: The term Triad refers to the three richest regions of the world; the United States,the European Union and Japanthat offer the most important business opportunities.The scope of Triad to include Canada a
44、nd name the broadened grouping Quad.7. How much do you know about OECD? Please make a brief account.A: OECD means Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. The organization is included 29 members, 23 of them are high-income countries and 6 are middle-income countries. The headquarters i
45、s in Paris.8. What is the best policy for China to develop business opportunities?A: So far as China is concerned, other markets we should pay particular attention to are those around us: the Four Tigers, the ASEAN countries, Russia, India and a bit farther away Australia. These countries or regions
46、 either have rich consumers and offer good business opportunities or are developing fast with very promising market.potential. And their geographical proximity to China is a great advantage for us in developing business relations with them.Translate the following sentences into English:1. 民生产总值和国内生产
47、总值是表明一国收入的两个重要概念。区别在于前者强调的是生产要素的所属权而后者着重于进行生产的国家。GNP and GDP are two important concepts used to indicate a country s total income. The difference between them is that the former focuses on ownership of the factors of production while the latter concentrates on the country where production takes place.2. 要评估某一市场的潜力，人们往往要分析其收入水平，因为它为那里居民的购买力高低提供了线索。In assessing the potential of a country as a market, people