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1、DAILY GRAMMAR - - - - by Mr. JohansonLessons 1-5 Lesson 1 Parts of Speech - VerbsVerbs are the most important words in a sentence. Verbs are the first of the eight parts of speech that we will be studying. Most verbs are action words, but a few verbs indicate state of being or existence. The first l
2、essons will be about verbs, and how they are recognized and used.Find the verbs in the following sentences. They are action verbs.The wolf ran across the sand.Sit down.The dog barked at the man. Answer:The verbs in the sentences are ran, sit, and barked. All three verbs are action verbs since they s
3、how action. Action verbs are the most common verbs.Lesson 2 Parts of Speech - Verbs Find the verbs in these sentences. These verbs will be state of being verbs.My uncle is a pilot.The pie looks good.You seem upset. Answer: The verbs in the sentences are is, looks, and seem. These verbs are state of
4、being or linking verbs. Some common linking verbs are is, am, are, was, were, be, being, been, seem, look, feel, and become. They do not show action. They just show that something exists. Lesson 3 Parts of Speech - Verbs Pick out the verbs in these sentences and tell whether they are action verbs or
5、 linking verbs.Suddenly someone sneezed loudly.There are holes in my shirt.He appears happy.The image appeared in the mirror. Answer:The verbs are sneezed, are, appears, and appeared. Sneezed and appeared are action verbs. Are and appears are linking or state of being verbs. Some verbs like appear c
6、an be either action or linking verbs. It depends on whether it shows action or not. Appears above is like saying seems which shows no action while appeared above shows the action of the image.Lesson 4 Parts of Speech - VerbsSometimes a verb can be more than one word. When a verb is more than one wor
7、d, it is called a verb phrase. Verb phrases can be two, three, or four words. Verb phrases are made by using auxiliary or helping verbs. What are the verb phrases in these sentences?You are going to Seattle.You have been resting too much.We must be early.I will be finished shortly. Answer:The verb p
8、hrases are are going, have been resting, must be, and will be finished. These sentences all have what are called auxiliary or helping verbs. I will refer to them as helping verbs. There are twenty-three (23) helping verbs that should be memorized since they are used so often. If you memorize them, i
9、t will make knowing and understanding verbs much easier. They are usually grouped in the following five groups: Group 1: is, am, are, was, were, be, being, beenGroup 2: has, have, hadGroup 3: do, does, didGroup 4: shall, will, should, wouldGroup 5: may, might, must, can, could Lesson 5 Parts of Spee
10、ch - VerbsSome of the helping verbs can be used alone as the main verb. Is, am, are, was, and were can be used alone as linking or state of being verbs. Has, have, had, do, does, and did always show action when used alone. Be, being, and been can be used with other verbs either to show action or sta
11、te of being. The other helping verbs cannot be used alone but only as helping verbs.Find the verb or verb phrases in these sentences.She has too many friends.You do beautiful work.I was in Canada last week.You are being very stubborn. Answer:The verb and verb phrases were has, do, was, and are being
12、. Has and do are action verbs, and was and are being are state of being verbs.Quiz for Lessons 1-5List the verbs or verb phrases in the sentences, and tell whether they are action verbs or state of being verbs. For extra credit, find the helping verbs.1. Jim plays basketball.2. They will return on t
13、he airplane.3. Badger is a funny dog.4. I have been here a long time.5. I should have been playing the drum.6. Go home. Answers:1. plays - action2. will return - action3. is - linking or state of being4. have been - state of being5. should have been playing - action6. go - actionThe helping verbs ar
14、e will, have, should, have, and been. The been in sentence 4 is not a helping verb because it is the main verb. The last verb in a verb phrase is always the main verb. Lessons 6-10Lesson 6 Parts of Speech - VerbsPick out the verb phrases in the following sentences. Watch for the helping verbs.I can
15、understand his concern.She must have told you ten times.We shall go tomorrow.The wind was howling all night. Answer:Can understand, must have told, shall go, and was howling are the verb phrases.Lesson 7 Parts of Speech - VerbsThe use of helping verbs causes certain changes in verb phrases that we n
16、eed to be able to recognize. One change is the use of contractions. List the contractions in the following sentences.Ive done it again.You arent going with us.Shes staying to tend the kids. Answer:Ive, arent, and shes are contractions.As mentioned before, its a good idea to memorize the helping verb
17、s. If you havent memorized them, take a few minutes to learn them.Group 1: is, am, are, was, were, be, being, beenGroup 2: has, have, hadGroup 3: do, does, didGroup 4: shall, will, should, wouldGroup 5: may, might, must, can, could Lesson 8 Parts of Speech - VerbsA helping verb may be connected with
18、 another word in a contracted form. The following sentences have verb phrases using contractions. Find the verb phrases in each sentence. Determine if the verb phases are action verbs or state of being verbs.Ive done it again.You arent going with us.Shes staying to tend the kids. Answer:The verb phr
19、ases are ve (have) done, are going, and s (is) staying. Have and is are in contracted form. Are is connected to the contracted form of not. All three verb phrases are action verbs. Lesson 9 Parts of Speech - VerbsIn sentences that are questions, the verb phrase is often separated by another word. Fi
20、nd the verb phrases in these sentences. Be sure to watch for another word separating the helping verb from the main verb. Have you been driving long?Where was the car parked?Can I be of assistance? Answer:The verb phrases in the sentences are have been driving, was parked, and can be. The words sepa
21、rating the verb phrases are nouns and pronouns. This is very common in sentences that are questions. The first two verbs are action verbs, and the last verb is a state of being verb. Lesson 10 Parts of Speech - VerbsSometimes verb phrases are separated by words called adverbs. We will learn more abo
22、ut adverbs in later lessons. They are used often with verbs; however, they are not considered part of the verb phrase. What are the verb phrases in the three sentences? Are the verbs action verbs or state of being verbs?You have not helped your father today.I will soon be home.The child had suddenly
23、 choked on the food. Answer:The verb phrases are have helped, will be, and had choked. The first and third sentences are action verbs, and the second sentence a state of being verb. Quiz:List the verb phrases in the following sentences.1. My wife is reading in the hammock under the tree.2. The messa
24、ge cant be altered.3. Somewhere a party is being planned.4. Shouldnt I be a clown for Halloween?5. Ive run out of time.Now write down as many of the twenty-three helping verbs as you can. Answer: The verb phrases are is reading, can be altered, is being planned, should be, and ve (have) run.The twen
25、ty-three helping verbs are is, am, are, was, were, be, being, been, have, has, had, do, does, did, shall, will, should, would, may, might, must, can, and could.Lessons 11-15 Lesson 11Parts of Speech - VerbsNot and its contracted form nt are never part of the verb. Pick out the verb phrases in these
26、sentences.The game will not be finished for another hour.The horse shouldnt have been worked so much.Wouldnt you give me another chance? Answer:The verb phrases are will be finished, should have been worked, and would give. Not and nt are not part of the verb phrase. Verb phrases can have one, two o
27、r three helping verbs in them. Lesson 12Parts of Speech - VerbsVerb phrases with two or more helping verbs always keep a definite order. Most helping verbs can combine with other helping verbs but will not combine with all of them. Look at the examples below which are good combinations.is being said
28、, has been said, will be said, could have been said, may have said, had been said.Now arrange the following helping verbs with the word in parentheses into a verb phrase. One of the helping verbs will not combine and must be left out.Example: was, have, may (gone) = may have gone - was will not comb
29、ine in this group.1. am, will, being (fired)2. been, could, does, have (learning)3. might, do, have, been (sleeping)4. must, were, be (discovered)5. be, has, should (sold) Answer:1. am being fired2. could have been learning3. might have been sleeping4. must be discovered5. should be sold Lesson 13Pa
30、rts of Speech - VerbsWe can change the form of a verb. (These changes in form are used in conjugations. We will talk about conjugations in later lessons.) For example, a verb can have an s added to it as in eat, eats or run, runs. Other changes could be eating, ate, or eaten for the verb eat. Run co
31、uld be changed to running, or ran. Irregular verbs which we will cover later have several confusing changes.Find the verb or verb phrases in these sentences. Take note of the different verb forms for come and sent.I am coming in the morning.I came as soon as possible.She comes by every day.Send me t
32、he package in the mail.The new part was sent to me.I am sending Jeff with the neighbors. Answer:The answers are am coming, came, comes, send, was sent, and am sending. Lesson 14Parts of Speech - VerbsIn this lesson pick out only the helping verbs used in the verb phrases.1. He should have tried agai
33、n.2. The dog had suddenly come into the yard.3. Has anyone taken out the trash?4. Could they have been pointing at our car?5. Shes hoping for a call from her sister. Answer:1. should have2. had3. has4. could have been5. s (is) Lesson 15 Parts of Speech - VerbsLets look at some sentences to review wh
34、at we have learned. Remember that verbs either show action or state of being. Using helping verbs, we make verb phrases. Verb phrases may be separated by other words. Verb phrases follow a definite order and change form. Find the verb phrases and tell what kind of verbs they are.I can understand you
35、r concern.Is Mrs. Johanson going with you?The rooms cannot be held any longer.I havent seen him for an hour. Answer:can understand - action is going - action can be held - action have seen - action Quiz Lessons 1-15Answer each question true or false.1. Verbs never change form.2. A verb is never just
36、 one word.3. Verb phrases keep a definite order.4. There are twenty-three helping verbs.5. Helping verbs cannot be the main verb.6. Helping verbs can be action verbs.7. Verb phrases can have three helping verbs.8, Verbs can be in contracted form.9. State of being verbs show action.10. Verbs are the
37、most important words in a sentence. Answers:1. false (lesson 13)2. false (lesson 4)3. true (lesson 12)4. true (lesson 4)5. false (lesson 5)6. true (lesson 5)7. true (lesson 4)8. true (lesson 8)9. false (lesson 1)10. true (lesson 1)Lessons 16-20 Lesson 16Parts of Speech - NounsA noun is a word that n
38、ames a person, place or thing. It also one of the eight parts of speech. Examples: man, city, book, courage. Nouns often follow words like a, an, and the.Pick out all the nouns in these sentences.1. The teacher told the student that a person should always be loyal.2. People with perseverance will be
39、 successful in life.3. I bought a new pen at the drugstore across the street.4. The man said to the policeman that he had not seen the accident. Answers1. teacher, student, person.2. people, perseverance, life.3. pen, drugstore, street.4. man, policeman, accident Lesson 17Parts of Speech - NounsNoun
40、s can be singular as in lesson 16 or be plural in form. Plural means two or more. Plurals are formed by adding s, es, changing y to i and adding es, and with changes in spelling as in man becoming men. Examples: car, cars; fox, foxes; baby, babies, man, men.Find the nouns in the following sentences.
41、 Some are plurals and some are not.1. Computers are making work easier for secretaries.2. Children always require great energies from parents.3. Labors on farms take great effort by workers.4. Alaina doesnt like puzzles or mathematics. Answers1. Computers, work, secretaries.2. Children, energies, pa
42、rents.3. Labors, farms, effort, workers.4. Alaina, puzzles, mathematics. Lesson 18Parts of Speech - NounsNouns are classified into two general classifications, proper and common. Proper nouns name a special person, place or thing and begin with capital letters. All other nouns begin with small lette
43、rs and are common nouns.Common nouns city, man, boat, and radio could be changed to the proper nouns Salt Lake City, Mr. Jones, Santa Maria, and Motorola.Pick out the nouns in these sentences and tell if they are common or proper.1. Becky went with her sisters to Lagoon on Friday.2. My youngest son
44、is in Brazil until September.3. Mr. Smith works with his wife in American Fork.4. Love could bring marriage to Mark and Terri. Answers1. Becky, Lagoon, Friday - proper nouns; sisters - common noun2. Brazil and September - proper nouns; son - common noun3. Mr. Smith and American Fork - proper nouns;
45、wife - common noun4. Mark and Terri - proper nouns; love and marriage - common nouns (love is capitalized because it begins the sentence) Lesson 19Parts of Speech - NounsNouns can also be classified in specific ways. Concrete nouns, abstract nouns, and compound nouns are three such ways. Concrete nouns name things that exist physically as sidewalk, bird, toy, hair and rain. Abstract nouns name ideas, characteristics, or qualities as courage, pride, goodness and success. Compound nouns are made