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1、高二英语阅读理解提高训练含解析一、高中英语阅读理解1阅读理解Eighty-five-year old Chinese pharmacologist(药理学家) Tu Youyou became Chinas first winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine when it was announced that she was one of three scientists awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in develo
2、ping effective drugs against parastic diseases.Tu was honored for developing artemisin（青蒿素）,a drug for malaria that has saved millions of lives across the globe,especially in the developing world,the Nobel Assembly at karolinska Institue disclosed on its website on Monday.Tu,a Chinese trained pharma
3、cologist and a researcher at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences in Beijing, went to Stockholm, Sweden in December to receive her award, according to Cao Hongxin, the science and technology department head of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine.She was calm and said sh
4、e has received lots of congratulatory calls. Cao told China Daily on Monday after he telephoned Tu to congratulate her. Its an overdue （迟来的）honor for Tu and the worlds recognition of traditional Chinese medicine, he said.Tus breakthrough in winning the Nobel Prize in a natural science is the pride o
5、f the whole nation and the whole Chinese scientific community, said Zhou Dejin, spokesman of the Chinese Academy of Science, Chinas national research body that consists of more than one hundred research insistutes, universities and research branches,The achievement of discovering artemisinin was mad
6、e in the 1970s, but it only received international recognition in later years, which suggests that we might have more achievements that have reached the Nobel Prize level but have not been recognized. Zhou said.（1）Why was Tu Youyou awarded the Nobel Prize?A. She made a breakthrough in the Chinese sc
7、ientific community B. She came up with a revolutionary theory about medicineC. She devoted her whole life to medicine research D. She developed a very effective drug in the 1970s（2）What do we know about Tu Youyou ?A. She secretly accepted the Nobel Prize by herself B. Shes the second Chinese to win
8、the 2015 Nobel PrizeC. She has an ordinary heart though winning the Nobel Prize D. She won the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with three scientists（3）What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. China lacks talented scientists like Tu Youyou. B. Tus achievement was recognized by the worl
9、d a long time ago.C. Chinese scientists should work harder to win more Nobel Prizes. D. More Chinese scientific achievements should be acknowledged.（4）What type of writing does this passage belong to?A. A scientific report B. An official documentC. A news report D. A medical record【答案】（1）D（2） C（3） D
10、（4） C【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇人物传记，讲述了诺贝尔奖得主屠呦呦，她致力于中医药研 究，开发出了很多有效的药物。（1） 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“ Tu was honored for developing artemisin （青蒿素）,a drug for malaria that has saved millions of lives across the globe, especially in the developing world”可知，屠呦呦获得诺贝尔奖是因为她在 20 世纪 70 年代发明了一种非常有效的药 物。故选 D。（2） 考查推理判断。根据第三段中的 Sh
11、e was calm and said she has received lots of congratulatory calls.可知，尽管获得了诺贝尔奖，她还是有一颗普通的心。故选 C。（3） 考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的 The achievement of discovering artemisinin was made in the 1970s,but it only received international recognition in later years ,which suggests that we might have more achievements that
12、have reached the Nobel Prize level but have not been recognized. Zhou said.”可知，建议更多的中国科学成就应该得到承认。故选 D。（4） 考查推理判断。纵观全文，根据第四段中的Tus breakthrough in winning the Nobel Prize in a natural science is the pride of the whole nation and the whole Chinese scientific community,可知，这是一项医学纪录。故选 C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理
13、判断两个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，考生需 要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解Whether you are a national or an international student, we welcome you to Middletown University. Our reputation is built on providing high-quality education in both academic and vocational (职业的) subjects. As well as priding ourselves on ou
14、r traditional face-to-face learning, we have recently introduced a range of distance-learning courses.What do they cost?Costs for our coursers vary considerably. Click on each departments homepage for more information. Scholarships and bursaries an available for certain courses, particularly for tho
15、se in the sciences and education.SAMPLE COURSE OVERVIEWBA in English Language and LiteratureThe main purpose of this course is to develop your ability to describe, analyze and manipulate features of the English language, and to see how these are expressed in literature. As well as taking core module
16、s which cover these areas, students will be able to specialize in their fields of interest.Duration: three-year courseCourse: Choose 12 out of 20 modules.Weekly timetable: eight hours of lectures/four hours of seminarsAssessment: essays, exams and an 8,000-word dissertation at the end of the third y
17、ear Requirements: academic experience and interest in the subject; good school-exam grades Diploma in teachingIn the first term, you will learn about the theory of teaching and how to be an effective teacher. In the second term, you will also begin teaching in a school. The third term is completely
18、practical.Duration: one-year courseCourse: Choose six out of ten modules (three are compulsory).Weekly timetable: six hours of lectures/ two hours of seminars/ six hours of classroom teaching Assessment: combination of essays and classroom observationRequirement: first degree in specific subject are
19、a（1）What is Middletown University famous for?A. Academic and vocational education. B. Traditional teaching methods.C. Distance-learning courses. D. Face-to-face communication.（2）What do the two sample courses have in common?A. They both last for three years.B. They both require students to hand in e
20、ssays.C. They both offer total freedom to choose modules.D. They both favor students with interest in the subject.（3）What is the main purpose of the text?A. To advertise certain online courses.B. To stress the need for distance learning.C. To introduce distance-learning techniques.D. To suggest a wa
21、y of pursuing further education.【答案】 （1）A（2） B（3） A【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇应用文，一所大学就该校最近开设的在线课程就行了简单的 介绍，包括课程目的，时长，评价，要求等。（1） 考查细节理解。根据第一段中的 ”Our reputation is built on providing high-quality education in both academic and vocational ( 职业的) subjects.“可知，这所大学因为在学术和职 业课程上提供高质量的教学而获得名誉，即它以高质量的学术和职业教学而出名。故选 A。（2）
22、 考查细节理解。根据 BA in English Language and Literature 部分中的 ”Assessment: essays, exams and an 8,000-word dissertation at the end of the third year“和 Diploma in teaching 部分中的”Assessment: combination of essays and classroom observation“ 可知这两门课程的共 同点是都需要提交文章。故选 B。（3） 考查推理判断。根据第一段中的”As well as priding ou rsel
23、ves on our traditional face-to- face learning, we have recently introduced a range of distance- learning courses.“我们在提供传 功课程的同时也提供了大量的在线课程，以及下文所叙述的两种课程的课程内容，时长，评价和要求等，可推测本文的主要目的是为一些在线课程打广告。故选 A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需 要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。3阅读短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选
24、项。Many people have long dreamed of being able to fly around as simply as riding a bicycle. Yet the safety and strength of a flying bike was always a big problem. Over the past 10 years, developments in technology have moved the dream of personal flying vehicles closer to reality. Now, two groups of
25、inventors say such vehicles may be available soon.The British company Malloy Aeronautics has developed a prototype ( 原型) of its flying bicycle. Grant Stapleton, marketing sales director of Malloy Aeronautics, says the Hoverbike is able to get in and out of small spaces very quickly. It can be moved
26、across continents very quickly because it can be folded and packed, he adds.Mr. Stapleton says safety was the companys main concern. He says the designers solved the safety issue by using overlapping rotors to power the vehicle.The company is testing a full-size prototype of the Hoverbike, which wil
27、l most likely be used first by the police and emergency rescue teams.In New Zealand, Martin Aircraft Company is also testing a full-size prototype of its personal flying device, called the Jetpack. It can fly for more than 30 minutes, up to 1, 000 meters high and reach a speed of 74 kilometers per h
28、our.Peter Coker is the CEO of Martin Aircraft Company. He said the Jetpack is built around safety from the start. In his words, Reliability is the most important element of it. We have safety built into the actual structure itself, very similar to a Formula One racing car.The Jetpack uses a gasoline
29、-powered engine that produces two powerful jet streams. Mr. Coker says it also has a parachute that would be used, if there should be an emergency. It starts to work at very low altitude and actually saves both the aircraft and the pilot, he adds. Mr. Coker says the Jetpack will be ready for sale so
30、on.（1）We can learn from the passage that the Hoverbike _.A. can hardly get in and out of small spaces quicklyB. can fly for over 30 minutes, up to 1, 000 meters highC. has been used by the police and emergency rescue teamsD. can be transported quickly after being folded and packed（2）Peter Coker uses
31、 the example of Formula One racing car to show that _.A. the Jetpack is very safe and reliableB. the engine of the Jetpack is powerfulC. the actual structure of the Jetpack is uniqueD. the Jetpack can reach a great speed and height（3）The underlined word It in the last paragraph refers to _.A. the je
32、t stream B. the engine C. the Jetpack D. the parachute（4）What is the authors main purpose of writing the passage?A. To describe the problems of inventing flying vehicles.B. To introduce the latest development of flying vehicles.C. To show the differences between two flying vehicles.D. To advertise t
33、he two personal flying vehicles.【答案】 （1）D（2） A（3） D（4） B【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述一种个人飞行工具很快就会应用于现实，然而 安全性和强度一直是个大问题，文中介绍了两家研发飞行器的公司的最新的产品，新产品 把安全放在首位，并对产品进行了改进。（1） 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“the Hoverbike is able to get in and out of small spaces very quickly. It can be moved across continents very quickly because i
34、t can be folded and packed.” 可知，Hoverbike 能够很快地进出小空间。它可快速地在大陆上移动，因为它可以折叠和包 装。可知，选 D。（2） 考查推理判断。根据第六段 Peter Coker 说 Jetpack 从一开始就围绕安全进行的，安全 可靠性是最重要的因素。我们在车的现行结构中植入了安全性，非常类似于 Formula One 赛车。，故选 A。（3） 考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的“Mr. Coker says it also has a parachute ( 降落伞) that can be used should there be an emer
35、gency. It starts to work at very low altitude ., ”Coker 先生 说 Jetpack 上也有降落伞，可以在紧急情况下使用。“在海拔非常低的情况下开始用它”。 可知，Jetpack 上的降落伞（它）是在海拔低时才用。由此可知 it 指的是 parachute (降落 伞)。故选 D。（4） 考查主旨大意。根据第一段可知，许多人一直梦想能像骑自行车一样简单的飞来飞 去，科技的发展让这个梦想很快实现。然而飞行自行车的安全性和强度一直是个大问题。 接着下面叙述了两家研发飞行器的公司的最新的产品，新产品把安全放在首位。故选 B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细
36、节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅 读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推 理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4阅读理解Scientists found that sleeping considerably improves our creativity. After taking a nap people are able to think faster and put more imagination into their thinking. Besides, if we dream, the thinking abilities
37、 are improved even more.Researchers consider that sleeping on a problem in most cases leads to elucidation( 解释). They say when a person enters a phase called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) during sleep, it increases the effect. Such phase takes place right before we awake and according to scientists it he
38、lps our brain make links between unrelated subjects.In the study, led by Professor Sara Mednick, scientists made a conclusion that the REM was important for assimilating(消化) new information into past experience in order to find solutionsto creative problems.Prof. Mednick is a psychiatrist at the Uni
39、versity of California. Her study involved the analysis of 77 adults. Each participant was given several word-associated creative tasks. All tasks were given in the morning, with participants being shown a number of groups of 3 words, for example: cookie, heart and sixteen. They were asked to come up
40、 with a word that would be associated with all three given terms like sweet. Sometime later, after some participants were allowed to sleep, they were asked to perform the same tasks and some new ones. It is worth mentioning that while some people slept, researchers used brain scans to see the type o
41、f sleep each participant entered.When given the same tasks, participants, who took a nap, were able to give more varied solutions, some of which were much better than they gave earlier. But when given new tasks, researchers found that those who entered REM sleep had a 40 percent better result compar
42、ed to the performance they showed in the morning.（1）What does it refer to in the second paragraph?A. The effect. B. REM. C. Sleep. D. A problem.（2）Why do the researchers study the REM?A. Because REM takes place just after you sleep.B. Because REM can store more information.C. Because REM can help fi
43、nd creative solutionsD. Because REM can make a creative invention.（3）What can we know from this passage?A. Taking a short nap is good for your thinking during the day.B. Sleeping has three processes which is good for creativity.C. Each adult was allowed to sleep after the task was given.D. REM is a
44、process taking place right after we awake when we nap.（4）The important stage in the study is_.A. to think of a creative word B. to show a group of 3 wordsC. to give participants time to think D. to let some participants sleep for a while【答案】 （1）B（2） C（3） A（4） D【解析】【分析】文章讲述了科学研究发现，睡眠能大大提高我们的创造力。( 1 )
45、 词义猜测题。根据前一句 They say when a person enters a phase called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) during sleep 可知，it 指代 REM，选 B。(2) 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段 scientists made a conclusion that the REM was important for assimilating(消化) new information into past experience” in order to find solutions to creative problems.可知，科学家
46、之所以研究这个时期是因为这个时期对于找到创造性问题的解题办 法是重要的，这个时期会将新信息消化为经验，故答案为 C。(2) 细节理解题。根据最后一段 When given the same tasks, participants, who took a nap, wereable to give more varied solutions, some of which were much better than they gave earlier.可知，小睡一会之后会让人有更好的表现。故选 A。( 4 ) 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段 It is worth mentioning that wh
47、ile some people slept, researchers used brain scans to see the type of sleep each participant entered. 可知，研究很重 要的一个阶段就是要让参加者睡一会，然后来扫描他们大脑看看他们进入的睡眠阶段。选 D。5阅读理解Every year in America, high-school students who want to go to college take a national examination called the Scholastic Aptitude Test, or SAT
48、in a shortened way. Their score is an important factor in determining which colleges will admit them or whether any will be admitted at all. The Scholastic Aptitude Test measures ones mathematical ability and use of the English language. Traditionally, the English part involved grammatical questions and paragraphs that test reading comprehension.But the SAT folks have added a single question, to be answered in an essay, hand-written on the spot. Thats an inter