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1、 To Arouse College Students Intrinsic Motivation in English LearningAbstract English learning motivation is closely related with the learners study performance, and it promotes the language learning effectively. The foreign language learning motivation can be divided into extrinsic motivation and in
2、trinsic motivation, which have different influences upon the learners. Because the intrinsic motivation is superior to extrinsic , there is no doubt that initiating and developing the college students English learning motivation is severely important and necessary. In view of this, teachers and stud
3、ents need to work together . Teachers need to foster the students interest consciously, giving them appropriate comments, adopting diversified methods to evaluate their performance. Students need to be self-conscious and confident ,establishing long-term goals and short-term goals, eliminating unfav
4、orable factors in the English learning process, studying conscientiously and adopting scientific studying methods.Key Words extrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation, inspire the interest,Introduction Motivation is a kind of psychological cause, which inspires people to take actions. All of the hum
5、ans activities result from some specially designated motivation. According to the study on the learning theories, it is the learner himself who plays a decisive role in his achievements. However, in the final analysis, thelearning behaviors are the learners bussiness. Putting aside these natural tal
6、ents,such as, intelligence, personality,etc, it is the learners learning motivations that influence the differences between learners. What are the current college students motivation in English learning.? How to inspire and develop their intrinsic motivation? This text will probe into these question
7、s in three areas ,including the definition of motrivation and its types as well as its influences.Besides, the text will put forward some methods about how to inspire and develop learners intrinsic motivation in English learning, that is ,what the teachers should do and what messures the students sh
8、ould take. I The Introduction of Motivation People are always motivated . In fact, they are never unmotivated. They may not be motivated to do what we would prefer they do, but it can never be truly said they are unmotivated .1 In psychology, motivation is a force that energizes and directs behavior
9、 toward a goal.2 Just as a force moves an object , motivation moves a person . More visualized, if individuals are machines, motivation is as the very engine that powers and directs individuals behavior. Motives serve three important functions:1) energizing us; 2) directing us; 3) helping us to sele
10、ct the behavior most appropriate for achieving our goals.3 In a word, motivation is an inner state that arouses individualsdesires for a goal and maintain their efforts. In English learning, motivation is not only an intensive desire for learning and acquiring knowledge of English, but also an inner
11、 cause that push students forward in English learning with enthusiasm and willingness. It is an inner power to drive and persevere students in English learning. One of the most complicated problems of English learning and teaching has been defining and applying the construct of motivation. On the on
12、e hand, it is an easy catchword that gives teachers a simple answer to the mysteries of language learning. Some people say that “Motivation is the difference between success and failure. If they are motivated, they will learn ,and if not, they will not.”4（I）The Definition of MotivationMotivation is
13、the extent to which you make choices about goals to pursue and the effort you will devote to that pursuit.5 （II）The Classification of Motivation There are two kinds of motivation- intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation. Edward Deci defined intrinsic motivation: Intrinsically motivated activit
14、ies are ones for which there is no apparent reward except the activity itself. People seem to engage in the activities for their own sake and not because they lead to an extrinsic reward . Intrinsically motivated behaviorsare aimed at bringing about certain internally rewarding consequences, namely,
15、 feelingsof competence and self-determination.6 Intrinsic motivation is a response to needs that exist within the learners ,such as curiosity, the need to know and feelings of competence or growth.7 This has a great value and importance in English learning. For the inward interest makes them self-st
16、arting and self-perpetuating. Extrinsically motivated behaviors, on the other hand , are carried out in anticipation of a reward from outside and beyond the self. Typical extrinsic rewards are money, prizes, grades, and even certain types of positive feedback. Behaviors initiated solely to avoid pun
17、ishment are also extrinsically motivated . Which form of motivation is more powerful? The huge stockpile of research on motivation strongly favors intrinsic orientations, especially for long-term retention.II The factors impacting on college students English learning motivation English learning is a
18、 very complicated process that is influenced by many factors. Besides the intelligent factor, the non-intelligent factors- motivations, attitudes, interests, methods, will and characters, which are all the direct and the most important factors to English learning.(I) Positive factors1. Good classroo
19、m atmosphereGood classroom atmosphere refers to the exchanges, communication and impact between teachers and students, between students and students. Stevick said that, the classroom atmosphere teachers creat has an great effect on students learning motivations and attitudes. It is helpful to make t
20、hem concentrate their energy , heighten their confidence,and participate actively in relaxed and harmonious classroom atmosphere. It is the most effective way to stimulate and mobilize students learning motivation. Treating every student sincerely, respecting their personalities and listening to the
21、ir voices ,so that teachers can establish a good relationship with their students. Using encouraging words as much as possible when teachers talk to their students, seriously as well as kindly, which will make students feel relaxed. Besides, flexible teaching methods and a variety of activities help
22、s to stimulate students interests in English learning.2. A sense of achievement in the process of learningThe sense of achievement influences the learning motivation directly. Those students who have ever experienced this sense will be more confident in their learning abilities. When students did we
23、ll in the speeches or the tests, they felt pride and confident . For them, that is a big success.(II) Negative factors1. The frustration of the learning processAs the learners failed to achieve the desired goals or met difficulties, they couldnt overcome, they always felt frustrated. As time goes by
24、, they will be passive or have an evasive attitude, which hinders them from learning English confidently and actively and finally has an bad impact on their learning effectiveness. Whats worse, someone gives up their study.2. Incorrect attitudesSome college students have incorrect attitudes towards
25、their school records. They always compare their grades with others to judge whether they are successful or failure. If they fall behind in some areas, they will be upset, worried and frustrated . There are many subjects for college students to study and it will take them a lot of time if they want t
26、o master these subjects well. So, for some students, they are overanxious for quick results and just treat English learning as a task.III Ways to inspire and develop college students intrinsic motivation in English learning“You can lead a horse to water, but you can not make him drink.” Motivating s
27、tudents is a little like that. It involves not only leading them to English, but also making them thirsty for knowledge and understanding of English. English learning has its own characteristics that needs the learners to remember more, practice more,and communicate more. Learners motivation is crit
28、ical for English learning ,especially the intrinsic motivation. So, teachers have responsibility to increase their students inclination to perform willingly and actively on English learning.1. Enriching curricular and extra-curricular activities It is effective and functional to apply various and in
29、teresting activities to attract students to arouse their curiosity in English learning. English learning need students to develop roundly in four skills of listening, speaking, reading and writing by remembering plenty of vocabulary ,sentences and grammar, practicing and speaking more in class. They
30、 are willing to participate in English learning by combining English with recreation and to realize that English learning can be interesting and fun with their involvement in which is the key to maintaining motivation throughout a lesson. Games are welcomed in English teaching. As Aydan Ersoz explai
31、ns: Well-chosen games are invaluable as they give students a break and at the same time allow students to practice language skills. Games are highly motivating since they are amusing and at the same time challenging. There are so many games which are practical, interesting and effective, such as, gu
32、essing games, gap filling, chain story games, in-role plays, songs and summer English camping trips. To carry out a wide range of extra-curricular activities is an effective way to stimulate and develop students learning motivation. Language learning and use of classroom alone is not enough. In view
33、 of that, to creat a broad extra-curricular English learning environment, to creat more opportunities for students to communicate in English, teachers can carry out an English speech competition, Englisn drama, or set up an English corner. Students can also chat ang cook with their foreign teachers.
34、 All these activities can not only increase the opportunities for the students to practice oral English, expand their eyesights, stimulate their interests in English, but also can enhance their confidence in learning English and improve their abilities of “listening, speaking, reading, writing”. Tur
35、ning to the role of intrinsic motivation in English learning, in particular, considering a few activities that capitalize on the intrinsic appealing to learners self-determination and autonomy:l teaching writing as a thinking process in which learners develop their own ideas freely and openlyl showi
36、ng learners strategies of reading that enable them to bring their own information to the written wordl language experience approaches in which students creat their own reading material for others l oral fluency exercises in which learners talk about what interests them and not about a teacher-assign
37、ed topicl listening to an academic lecture in ones own field of study for specific information that will fill a gap for the learnerl communicative language teaching ,in which language is taught to enable learners to accomplish certain specific functionsl even grammatical explanations, if learners se
38、e their potential for increasing their autonomy in English8 Various and interesting activities encourage students to involveas much of the time and effort as possible and as well as enhance their intrinsic motivation in English learning.2. Adopting new and effective techniquesWith the development of
39、 high-tech, there are more choices and methods for teachers to stimulate students intrinsic motivation, such as, CALL (computer assisted language learning), multimedia, using internet and educational software. These methods are innovative, interesting, practical, and effective with colorful pictures
40、, vivid voices, plentiful information and effective interaction that arouse students curiosity and interest and as well as promote their intrinsic motivation, which can motivate students to start self-study effectively and improve their listening, speaking, reading and writing.3. Giving appropriate
41、recognition , high expectation,and praise Giving appropriate recognition, high expectation and praise is an effective method as outward power to stimulate students in English learning. Sometimes our expectations about people cause us to treat them in ways that make them respond just as we expected t
42、hey would. 9 Students need to be refueled by outward energy, such as teschers high expectations, recognitions, praise and some rewards. Researches demonstrate that teachers high expectations influence students achievement-higher expectation can yield better performance.Giving students appropriate re
43、cognition and praise can significantly improve students English learning motivation. Just as a famous educational psychologists said , praise is the cheapest, most user-friendly,and effective method to inspire students learning motivation. The praise can be materials,can also be a smile, a nod or ju
44、st some words like “Very good!”,“Well done!”, “Great!”.“I know that you can all solve these problems if you work at it. Now get started and I will help you if you run into some problems.” These words show the teachers emotional support and confidence in the students abilities and as a result , these
45、 students who are especially introversive and shy to speak in class will try their best to overcome the problems.Moreover , in the class, teachers can ask students to answer questions more often and give more encouragement to stir up their interests. Besides, teachers can offer more positive feedbac
46、k or evaluations to students about their performance after the exams, cooperative activities and home assignments4. Creating a relaxed and positive learning climateClimate is important because it creats an environment that encourages both achievement and motivation.10 In a friendly atmosphere, stude
47、nts can feel secure and relaxed and their sense of understanding and learning motivation can be promoted. Thus, make them feel relaxed and comfortable and away from criticism and being laughed at when they make mistakes. Meanwhile, teachers should allow students to discuss broadly without the fear o
48、f expressing their own thoughts different from others. When students make some mistakes, teachers should give them warm comments, such as, “It is a good experience for you. When you finally get it, you will have improved a lot.”With more smiles and encouragements, teachers can have more interactions
49、 and stand closer to their students. Teachers should present tasks that are neither too easy nor too difficult that beyond the students capacity. That is because , tasks that are too easy produce boredom and decreased feelings of competence and self-efficacy; tasks that are too difficult discourage them from trying.115. Carrying out