非谓语动词教学案.doc

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1、离石区江阴高级中学高二英语备课组 Book5 M 3 Grammar 编号：NO4B5M3 Grammar 非谓语动词概述1.谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词2. 非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分非谓语动词使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.She got off the bus, but /and left her handbag on her seat.动词不定式判断下划线部分充当什么成分。 1. T

2、o see you is glad. =Its glad to see you. _ 2. I want to see you. _ 3. I want him to see you. _ 4. My hope is to see you. _ 5. He is the man to see you. _ 6. Im glad to see you. _ 7. I went to see you. _ 8. He went home, only to find the bus had gone. _ (1)不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 不定式做主语时，常用it 作形式主语，构成It is

3、 adj. for/of sb. to do 句型。To help others is a pleasant thing. （用it 做形式主语）_（2）不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质。His job is to guard.(说明内容)The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,it more difficult.A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not makeHaving a trip abroad is certainly good for the old c

4、ouple, but it remains _whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seenbe + to do sth.(表示按计划要做的事，或必将发生的，或表示命令等口吻)（3）带不定式作宾语的词语，构成v.+ to do 形式。下列词语常用不定式作宾语：afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determi

5、ne、desire等。We agreedhere but so far she hasnt turned up yet. A. having metB. meeting C. to meetD .to have metI dont know whether you happen , but Im going to study in the U.S.A. this September . (2004高考辽宁卷)Ato be heard Bto be hearing Cto hear Dto have heard 下列动词后可接疑问词+不定式，构成decide what to do .,wonde

6、r how to deal with sth.等形式：teach、decide、wonder、show、learn、forget、ask、find、out、advise、discuss等。示例:1). Ive worked with children before, so I know what _in my new job.Aexpected Bto expectCto be expecting Dexpects2). It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows_. A. it what to do

7、 with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it3). The mother didn t know _to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out. A. who B. when C. how D. what（4）不定式作宾补。 动词see、watch、notice、hear、listen to、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、have等的宾补用动词原形时，变被动时要加to,此时的不定

8、式就是主语补足语。Paul doesnt have to be made.He always works hard.A. learnB. to learnC. learnedD. learning常用带to不定式作宾补的情况：主语 + ask / require / tell / order / force / get / want / like/advise/allow/cause/consider/ encourage/forbid/force/intend/order/permit/persuade/remind/request/require/urge/warn/ask/wish+sb

9、. to (not) do. sth. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him. A. not toB. not to do C. not do itD. do not toThe patient was warnedoily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eatingMy advisor encouraged _ a summer course to improve

10、my writing skills.A. for me takingB. me taking C. for me to takeD. me to take 主语 + think / judge / suppose / believe / consider /imagine/consider + sb. + to be/to do/to be doing/ to have done注意：不定式的一般式、进行式以及完成式做宾语补足语的区别，同时要 注意不定式被动语态的使用。Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer.A.

11、 to have inventedB. inventingC. to inventD. having inventedRobert is said _abroad. but I dont know what country he studied in.A. to have studied B. to study Cto be studying Dto have been studying主语 + call on / upon / depend on / wait for / ask for + sb.+ to do sth.（5）不定式作定语下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance、wish、

12、right、courage、need、promise、time、opportunity、way、the first、the second、the last、the only等。I have _(一个出国留学的机会)。He is _(第一个上学的)and _(最后一个离校的)不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。There is no one to look after her.不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系 。She is now looking for a room to live in.（6）不定式作状语不定式作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示目的、结果、原因。only to d

13、o表示出人意料的结果。To sleep well, I turned off the alarm clock. _We hurried to the classroom , only to find none there. _in order(not)to,s o as(not)to用来引导目的状语,enough to, so as to do, such + 名词 as to do作结果状语，如:The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus.Im not such a fool as to believe that.You w

14、ere silly not _ your car. (2004高考湖南卷)A. to lockB. to have lockedC. lockingD. having lockedHelen had to shout _ above the sound of the music. (2004高考广西卷)A. making herself hear B. to make herself hearC. making herself heard D. to make herself heard（7）不定式的完成时的特殊用法。表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。The nove

15、l was said to have been published.I regret to have been with you for so many years.seem、appear、be said、be supposed、be believed、be thought、be known、be reported等动词常用于上面句型。Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer.A. to have inventedB. inventingC. to inventD. having inventedRobert is

16、 said _abroad. but I dont know what country he studied in.A. to have studied B. to study Cto be studying Dto have been studying此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时，但要注意与一般时的区别。Im sorry _ for a minute.对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等）Im sorry _for so long.对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）不定式的完成时还可表示“过去本想做某事但

17、未做”的虚拟语气。（A）should like to / would like to / would love to + 不定式的完成时。（B）was / were to + 不定式的完成时，表示该做某事或想做但未实现。（C）expect / hope / mean / promise / suppose / think / want/ wish + 不定式完成时，表示过去未曾实现的愿望。注意：表示“过去本想做某事但未bout to做”的虚拟语气还可以用：was/were going to do 或was/were a I would love to_ the party last night

18、 but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone- -Alice, why didnt you come yesterday? - -I _, but I had an unexpected visitor. A. had B. would C. was going to D. did （8）不定式的省略。 同一结构并列由and或or连接。I want to finish my homework and (to )go home.Im reall

19、y puzzled what to think or (to)say.注意：表对比时，第二个不定式中的to不能省略。特例：To be or not to be,this is a question.He is better to laugh than to cry.(表示对比)不定式作表语，其前面的主语从句中含有do时，后面的to省略。What he did was(to) lose the game.句中含有动词do时，but、except、besides、such as等后面to可省略。即“前有do,后省to”。Dont do anything silly, such as marry h

20、im.比较：have nothing to do but do /have nothing but to dohave no choice but to do /cant (help) but do 主句含有不定式，后面有rather than, rather than后省to。Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers_ a bicycle.A. ride; rideB. riding; rideC. ride; to ride D. to ride; ridingWhy not、had better、would rather、cant

21、 but等词后省to。如：He could not but walk home.（9）不定式的替代。多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，作宾语或主补，宾补的不定式再次出现时，to后的内容常承前省略（只保留to即可）。但如果承前省略的不定式有助动词have或be任何形式，后应该保留原形be或have。如：The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him. A. not toB. not to do C. not do itD. do not toSusan is not what she

22、used to be.You came late last night. You ought to have finished your homework.I know I ought to have.常见的有：Id like / love / be happy to.动名词判断下划线部分充当什么成分。 1. Swimming is his favourite sport. _ 2. He enjoys swimming. _ 3. His favourite sport is swimming. _（1） 动名词作主语 Respecting others is a virtue. _动名词作

23、主语，可用于”Its no use / good / useless +动名词”句型中。Its no use talking with him. _动名词做主语表示一般的或抽象的多次的行为，而动词不定式作主语则表示具体的或一次性的动作。I like swimming but I dont like to swim today.（2） 动名词作宾语。下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest, finish, avoid, stop, cant help, mind, enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider,

24、imagine, keep, appreciate, escape, permit。下列动词短语接动名词：leave off, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, have trouble / difficulty(in) doing sth. devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be fond of, be worth。介词后要接动名词。what about、how about、without、be fond of、be good at等介词后接动名词。注意on / upon doing

25、sth. = as soon as 引导的从中。作此意讲时on / upon后也可以接名词。如on his arrival。动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别：begin, start, continue, like, love, dislike, hate, prefer, cant stand例 句解 析1. It began to rain. It began raining.2. It was beginning to snow.3. I love lying (to lie)on my back.4. I like listening to music, but today I d

26、ont like to.5. I don t prefer to swim in the river now.1. 意思无差别，但谓语动词用进行时，后面只跟不定式。2. 表示一种倾向多接动名词作宾语，如果表示某一特定的或具体的行动，多接不定式。remember, forget, regret, try例 句解 析1. I remember to meet her at the station.I remember seeing her once somewhere.2. I forgot giving it to you yesterday. I forgot to tell you abou

27、t it. Now here it is.3. I regret not having working hard. I regret to hear of your sisters death. 4. Try knocking at the back door. We must try to get everything ready.5. That will mean flooding some land. I had meant to go on Monday.1. remember to do sth.记住要做的事 remember doing sth.回顾过去发生的事2. forget

28、to do sth.忘记要做的事 forget doing sth.忘记做过的事3. regret to do sth.对将要做的事抱歉 regret doing sth.对发生过的事后悔4. try to do sth.设法，试图 try doing sth.试试看，试一试5. mean to do sth.打算做，想要 mean doing sth.意味着，就是 want, require, need, demand, request例 句解 析These desks need repairing.These desks need to be repaired.The patient re

29、quired examinedThe patient required to be examined.1. need doing 需要被做 need to be done需要被做2. want doing want to be done3. require doing require to be doneYou were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. Well, now I regretthat. A. to doB. to be doing C. to have done D. having doneI must apolo

30、gize for _ ahead of time. Thats all right.A. letting you not knowB. not letting you knowC. letting you know notD. letting not you knowVictor apologized for _ to inform me of the change in the plan. (2004上海) A. his being not able B. him not to be ableC. his not being able D. him to be not ableOne lea

31、rns a language by making mistakes and _ them.(2001年春季高考)A. correct B. correcting C. corrects D. to correct 分词判断下划线部分充当什么成分。 1. I found him swimming in the river. _ 2. He is the man swimming in the river just now. _ 3. Swimming in Summer, we can get cool. _（1）现在分词在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语。时间状语（分词作状语前面可加w

32、hen, while等）Hearing the good news, he jumped with great joy.做时间状语的分词，可以改成时间连词连接的主从句，如上面一句可以改成：_Seen from the hill, the city looks like a garden.=When (the city is) seen from the hill, it looks like a garden._ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.A. Having suffer

33、edB. SufferingC. To sufferD. Suffered_ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To waitB. Have waitedC. Having waitedD. To have waited The old man, _abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. (2004高考江苏卷) A. to work B. working C.

34、 to have worked D. having worked原因状语（分词作状语前面可加because,as等）Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave them a noteNot having finished her work in time, the boss fired her.Tired by the trip, he soon fell asleep.= _, he soon fell asleep.in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. LosingB.

35、 Having lost C. LostD. To lose by the beauty of nature , the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm . (2004高考辽宁卷)AAttracting BAttracted CTo be attracted DHaving attracted 做原因状语的分词，可以改成原因连词连接的主从句，如上句可以改成：_伴随状语The girls came in, following their parents.Suddenly, a tall man driv

36、ing a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. A. seizing ., disappeared B. seized ., disappeared C. seizing, disappearing D. seized ., disappearingCant you read it? Mary said _ to the notice.A. angrily pointing B. and point angrilyC. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointingThe

37、 visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here.A. having addedB. to add C. addingD. AddedThe teacher came in, followed by some students.=The teacher came in and was followed by some students.After his journey front abroad, Richard Jones returned hom

38、e, _A. exhausting B. exhausted C. being exhausted D. having exhausted结果状语The poor old man died, leaving nothing to his children.现在分词做伴随状语和结果状语可以根据意思改成由and或or 连接的并列句或改成非限制性定语从句.如可改成 _or _如可改成 _or _European football is played in 80 countries, _it the most popular sport in the world.A. making B. makes

39、C. make D. to make不定式作结果状语与现在分词作结果状语的区别? 注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性。时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时(not) doing，如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式(not) having(been) done。语态性。与句子的主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。遵循的规则“主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词”。人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。作条件状语Given more time, I would have worked out the problem.=_, I would have worked out the problem.Give

40、n more time, I will do better than Tom=_, I will do better than TomThe research is so designed that once_ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all . (2004高考湖北卷)ACompare BWhen comparing CComparing DWhen compared（2）分词作定语1. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door Sorry to miss you；will call later. A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading2. The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew.(2000年春季高考)A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hun