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1、Module 1 Unit 1 Grammar Direct Speech and Indirect SpeechLearning aim: 理解和熟记引语转换的语序,连词,人称,时态和状语等变化的规律,并认真练习一. 直接引语与间接引语概述 引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。直接引用别人的原话，一般放在引号内，称作直接引语（Direct Speech）；用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号，称作间接引语（Indirect Speech）。间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个宾语从句。二. 直接引语与间接引语的转换直接引语变间接引语时，句子的结构，人称，时态，状语等都会发生变化。对应变化规则直接引语间
2、接引语人称Iwehe, she, it, theyhe(she)theyhe, she, it, they时态一般现在时现在完成时一般过去时现在进行时一般将来时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时或一般过去时过去进行时过去将来时过去完成时（不变）指示代词thisthesethatthose时间状语nowtodaytonightyesterdaytomorrowlast month (week)next month(week)the day before yesterdaythenthat daythat nightthe day beforethe next(following) dayt
3、he month (week) beforethe next month (week)two days before地点状语herethere动词comebringgotake1. 直接引语为陈述句 直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，由从属连词that 引导，that 在口语中可省略。引述动词常用say, tell等,语序不变。基本结构：sb. + say/tell + (that) + 宾语从句 “I am going to hide from the Germans,” said Anne.Anne said (that) she was going to hide from the Ge
4、rmans.”Ill let you know as soon as I get the tickets,” he told me. He told me that he would let me know as soon as he got the tickets.John said, “I like reading adventure stories.” John said that he liked reading adventure stories.2.直接引语为一般疑问句 若直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，谓语动词是say或said时，要改为ask或asked,并在动词后加上i
5、f或whether.疑问语序要变为陈述语序。 基本结构是：sb. + ask/asked + sb. + whether/if + 宾语从句（陈述语序） He said to me, “Have you done your homework?” He asked me if/whether I had done my homework.注意：如果原问句中没有简接宾语的，可以根据情况加上。例如 He said, “Are you interested in English?” He asked (me) if I was interested in English.3.直接引语为特殊疑问句若直接
6、引语为特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时仍保留原来的疑问词，再把语序变为陈述语序，基本结构：sb.+ ask + sb. + 疑问词（when/who/what）+ 句子（陈述语序） “What do you want, Sarah?” Mr. Li asked. Mr. Li asked Sarah what she wanted. “When do you get up?” he asked me. He asked me when I got up.4.直接引语为祈使句直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时，引述动词常为ask, tell, order等，间接引语一般用“名/代词+不定式”结构。 基本
7、结构： sb. + tell/order/ask/. + sb. + (not) to do“Dont play in the street, ” our teacher said.Our teacher told us not to play in the street. (要在不定式to前加not)“Come to see me tomorrow,” said my teacher. My teacher told me to come to see her the next day.三. 直接引语变间接引语的特殊情况1. 主句的时态是一般现在时或一般将来时，变为间接引语时态不变。He s
8、ays, “I am very happy.”He says that he is very happy.2. 如果直接引语中有确定的过去时间状语，变为间接引语时时态不变。He said, “The story took place in the 1930s” He said that the story took place in the 1930s.3. 有时就在原来的地方，或就在说话的当天转述，就不必改变指示代词，时间状语，地点状语等。She said, “It will snow here tomorrow.” She said that it will snow here tomor
9、row.4. 直接引语中含有某些情态动词时，间接引语可用原来形式，也可用其他情态动词表示，但要保持原来的意义。He said, “You must be very fond of art.”He said that I must be very fond of art.四 巩固练习.把下列含有直接引语的句子改成间接引语1. A: He asked me, “Will you go to the park this evening.”B: He asked me _ I _ go to the park _ evening.2. A: She said to me, “Is there any
10、water there?” B. She _ me_ there was any water.3. A. She said “My brother left home three years ago.” B. She said _ brother _ _ home three years _.4. A. His parents said to him, “You must be in by ten tonight.”B. His parents _ him that he _ _ be in by ten _ _5. A. He warned me “you had better not sa
11、y anything about this.” B. He warned me that I _ _ not say anything about _.单选。1. I asked them _ they got married. A. who B. that C. which D. when 2. She asked me _ I would like to go to see a film with her. A. that B. if C. what D. which 3. What did she think of the film？ She said she _. A. had nev
12、er seen a better one B. had never seen so better one C. has never seen a so good one D. has never seen such a good one 4. Jack said _to meet the American friends. A. which he pleased B. how he is pleased C. that he was pleased D. what he was pleased5. Tina told me that she had visited the park_, so
13、she didnt want to go with us. A. last week B. a week ago C. two weeks before D. before two weeks6. Would you like to tell me _the key to her bicycle? A. where Selina had put B. where had Selina put C. where has Selina put D. where Selina has put7. Joe asked me _a Grade One student or a Grade Two stu
14、dent. A. am I B. whether I was C. was I D. whether was I8. My father asked me _ for my aim, Harvard or Cambridge. A. where I would choose B. which school I would choose C. what would I choose D. what I would choose9. Can you tell me _ the bus station ? A. how I can get to B. how can I get to C. where I can get to D. where can I get to10. The teacher said that _. A. practice made perfect B. practice would made perfect C. practice makes perfect D. practice will make perfect