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1、Complex SentencesJunior ThreeThe Complex Sentences in Junior English:初中英语教材中涉及到的复合句主要有：The Object Clause （宾语从句）、The Adverbial Clause （映语从旨）和 The Attributive Clause （定语从句）。其它诸女口 主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等形式的 复合句尽管在教材中也有出现，但在中考中 没有被列为重点考查范围0I. The Object Clause （宾语从句）宾语从句是主从复合句的一种。宾语从句是英 语中用来充当宾语的句子。带有宾语从句的那个句
2、子叫主句。宾语从句一般由引导词+主语+谓语+ 其它构成，其语序是陈述句语序。重点和堆点由不同引导词引导的翼语从句化3、对寺不同引导词引导的宾语从句由从属连词th或引导的宾语从句由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which, what 和 连接副词 where, how,why,when昶J导的宾语从 句由从属连词whether, if引导的宾语从句A) Introduced by that主申的谓语动词是 say, think, tell, know, hear, seSAfeel, mean, hope, wish, remember, forget 等 时/或 主句的谓语动词是由开
3、彳容词afraid, glad, sure, sorry 等作衾语的系表结构时，后面常接that引导的宾语 从句。e.g. He says that he wants to speak to theheadmaster Pm sorry (that) he isn Y here right now.Note:1 . that的省略:统LFJ目的宾语从句用来陈述事实,th址本身无词义,在从句 中壬何成分，在口语中或非正式文体中常常可被省略。a ess (that) somebody else has borrowed it. IAm afraid (that) you 11 have to wa
4、it.2 .宾语从句的否定转移： 主句是I/We think/suppose/guess/believe等时f从句中的否定 耳惯上Pj游泳。要转移到主句中。如：我认为鸡不会 误：I think chickens can not swim.正：I don 光 think chickens can swim 此外，上述情况在变成反意疑问句时，附加疑问句要看从句，如果主 句的主语不是第一人称，则附加疑问句要看主句。试比较：I think he is wrong, isnAt he? He thinks he is righty doesnAt he?e.g.1 t i/k he will be ba
5、ck in an hour z【口匕 4、人 厂土、1. I hear (that) (一小时后他会回来)2. He said (that) he missed us very much .(他非常想念我们)3. The teacher told US (that) the earth moves around the sun（地球围着太阳转）BackU-SWOE.22QqsZQOCJO sod 0 5 合口 / y5总仝 SAOUA QUO o oj Jam f i s M J A nW A 1 Y、3r D111 2 1)(制ffl绘卑，oj o6XawA* QAt z E M 交宇 2
6、2 = g non p_no(mi ) s- JE5 asozfH AS-S Fuop - llsK+j j Jp-Ss Q a W 空 ,TiDn 3D2 u 1赐耳廿一 n 一nnnTD= r 094K君13 s w i K 就箱世由连接代词 what , whom, whose, which, what及连接 副词 when, where, how, why引导的宾语从句HI asked Wl 2FUtMnswethe quest）就回一燮）2. Do you know whom they are waiting fQ r （他们在等谁）3. He asked whose handwri
7、ting was the best in the class楼（谁的书法是班上最好的）探 5- Do you know Which is smallest 恤朋喷知垛审6. Please tell me When we will have the me 甲卿什么肘候开会）7. Can you tell me where h is .（他在颇 L ）8. could you tell me how I can get to the statiOQ 我该怎么去车意志）9. Would you tell me why the train is late （为什么火车迟到了）BackB) Introd
8、uced by if/whether占彳即屁仇0/都可作宾语从句的引导词/意为 愫 否，在一般情况下可以互换。if多用 于口语和 非正式文体中,whethei 贝! J多用于 比较正式的 文体中。如：e.g. She asked me if/yvhether I could help her with her English.I dont know if/yvhether it is going to rain.Note:只用whether的五种情况：1 .在介词后Pm thinking of whether we should go fishing.2理林讹迂用时I dont know wh
9、ether they will come to help us or not.3 .在动词discuss或者其他介词后面的宾语从句中 We discussed whether we would have a sports meeting next week.4 .宾语从句提前时只能用whether Whether this is true or not, I cant say.5 . whether后可以接动词不定式We dont know whether to go there tomorrow . BackRack由从属连词whether, if引导的宾语从句eg1.1 want to k
10、nowif （whether） he will go t。the park with us（他是否跟我们一起去公园）2. Ask him whether （if） he can come （他是否能来）3.1 doif t know whether it is coins to rain or not （是否 要下 雨）直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系陈述句变为引导的宾语从句eg.He said, You are younger than IHe said that I was younger than him.Tom said that he was mending his canThe
11、teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun二难点一避立量复出现连接代词或连接副词； e,g, *1 cantsee that what is over there.（应去掉that）2 .从句中的语序为陈述语序；e.g. *Do you know how old is she?（应改 为：.how old she is）3 .从句中的时态与主句时态前后呼应。e.g. * She didnt tell me when she will come.（应改为 ：.when she would come）二转换：T 1）宙连接代词和连接副词引导的
12、宾语从句 审疑问代旨和疑问副词+动词不定式替代,进 行句 型上的转换。Fve no idea what WQ re going to do next.=Fve no idea what to do next.Could you tell me how I can get to the post office?=Could you tell me how to get to the post office!三、转换：11 ） find .think等动词后面的宾语从句也可以用复合宾语（即宾语+宾语补足语）来代替。 He found that it was difficult to fall as
13、leep because of the noise upstairs. =He found it difficult to fall asleep because of the noise upstairs.The radio says it will be cloudy tomorrow (be)The headmaster hopes everything ges well, (go) Tom says that they were DlavinQ (play) basketball at six oclockyesterday evening.I hear they has return
14、edfreturn) it alreadyHe said that they had been members of the Party since 194& (be)He asked what they were doing at eight last night, (do) The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound (travel)I think you talkinci about the relay race now. (talk)I didnt know whom the letters were
15、from, (be)I (write)10 I didnAt know what time he wrote theletter.11. Miss Wang told me that the earth moves(move) 12. Could you tell me whoround the eart眄 taken away the book already? (take) 113 Ling Feng told me he has been to several times, (be)丈114. Our teacher told us in class the sun Jrises in
16、theeast, (rise)15. Can you tell me what they J! 丫越俩讹川也际才再加讹yesterday? (do)将下列句子合并一句:1. Where do they stop on the way? I asked. | I asked where they stopped on the way.2. What will you speak at the meeting? Could you tell me? Could you tell me what you will speak at the meeting?3. Do they like to mak
17、e friends with us? He asked. He asked if they liked to make friends with them.34b I am doing my homework. He said.缸词He said that he was doing his homework.y J 15. will come back/9 Tom said.I Tom said that he would come back. iviz-tiifim-JMn以HT VtiljY-A I -. 111Atl-.liAJI|11 11Iba Tl 二 6. Is he doing
18、 his homework?” Jim asked. I Jim asked if he was doing his homework.7. When will he come back? Tom asked.Tom asked when he would come back.8. “How can I get to the station?Could you tell me?Could you tell me how I can get to the station?9. Why is the train late? Would you tell me?Would you tell me w
19、hy the train is late?10. Where is Tom? They asked.They asked where Tom was.IH. The Attributive Clause (定语从句)篡合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语庆品修 饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后， 对其先行词起限定作用。This is Tom.Tom gave us a talk yesterday.This is Tom who (that) gave us a talk yesterday.先行词定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词有：who, whom , whos
20、e , that , which引导定语从句的关系副词有：where, when, why、who, whom, w/zo血引导的定语从句#.wh。在从句中作主语，不可省略；它所引导的定事句 所衫饰的先行词必须是人。e.g. This is the doctor who came her yesterday 2. whom在从句中作宾语z它所引导的定语从句所修饰 的先行词必须是人，可以省略。e.g. The man (whom) you saw last week has left the town.:在从句中作介词宾语时f介词一般可放在whom 也可放在原来的位置上。在含有介词的固定动词 介
21、词只能放在原来的位置上。e.g.a ） The man from whom / borrowed the book is Li Lei.=The man whom / borrowed the book from is Li Lei.（前句中的whom不可省略，后句中的whom可省略）b ) The girl whom he is taking care of is ill.（take care of是固定词组）右vhose在从句中作定语,表示所属关系，其所 彳期的先行词既可是人也可是物0e.g. I know the woman whose husband is a doctor.He li
22、ves in the house whose window faces south.二that, which引导的定语从句匚:这两个代词均指物,它们所引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词 也是 道情况下它们可以互换，1that, which在从句中作主语f不可省略。eg Hero is the film that/which was directed by Zhang Yimou.2.that, which在从句中作宾语，可以省略。e.g. Is this the film (that/which) you talked about last week”!注意:关系代词在作介词宾语时,只能用which
23、且不能省略。The house in which he once lived is a meeting-room.=The house (which) he once lived in is a meeting-room.知识拓展：引吉语从句的关系代词that和which ,在一般情况下,尽管口 Jllk换使用，但在下列情况下,只能用that，而不用which :1 .先行词是复合不定代词eveiything, anything, nothing等时。e- g- She didn5t forget anything (that) her mother had told her tobuy.2
24、.先行词被序数词或the last修饰时。e.g. This is the first textbook (that) I studied in the primary school.He is in the last row that is next to the window.3 .先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。e g That is the highest building (that) I have ever seen.4j 先行词被 the only, the very, the same 等修饰时。his is the very novel (that) you want to bo
25、rrow5 .先行词是或被 all, no9 some, any, little, miichAA o时，e.g. L ve written down all (that )the teacher doesn 7 allow us to do.They havenAt got any dictionaries (that) we need.6 .先行词既包含人又包含物时。e.g. He told us many interesting things and persons (that)we had never heard.7主句是以who, which引导的特殊疑|可句时。I IJg. Who
26、 is the man (that) you spoke to just now?Which is the book that was stolen by him ?&先行词是主句的表语或关系代词在定语从句中作表语 时。e.g. China is no longer the country (that) it used to be.关系副词where, when, why引导的定语从句在从句中作状语）旋表示5庶L它引导的定语从句修饰表地点的先行词。e- g- This is the village where he was born.c- f- This is the village (tha
27、t/which) he visited last year.2 . when表示时间,它引导的定语从句修饰表时间的先行词。e.g. r 11 never forget the day when I joined the League.c* f 11 never forget the day (that/which) we spent together.3 .why表示原因，它引导的定语从句修饰表原因的先行词。e- g The reason why he didn 7 come yesterday is quite clear.定语从句专练:(B jMfThe number of people
28、_ lost homes reached as many as 250,000.which B. whoC- whom DJ(D) 2. This is the most beautiful part I have visited-A. which; ever Be that; never C. which; yet D. that; ever(A) 3. My necklace is not the only thing _is missing A. thatB. whichC. whatD. /(B) 4. We9re talking about Tonny,you met yesterd
29、ay.A. with whoB. whomC. whichD. that(C) 5. Is this the very museum _ some Japanese visitors visited last Wednesday?A. oneBe whereCe thatD. which(D) 6 The book _cover is red is Toms.A. whichBe thatG /De whoseL7- The I gOw up is a beautiful town.A. whichBe thatCe where D. from which(D ) 8 I dont think
30、 the number of people_ this happens is very large.A. whoBe to which C. thatD. to whom(C ) 9- Do you still remember one evening a week ago_ I came to your room and borrowed a dictionary?A. before B. which C. when D. as(A )10. Is that the novel about _ they talked in class yesterday?A. which Be thatC. whoD./