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1、新人教版八年级英语下册知识点归纳Unit 1What s the matter?重点短语:have a cold have a fever agree to (do sth.) take risks get out of give uplie downgo to a doctor get into trouble run out (of)be in control ofhave a stomachachetake one s temperature to one s surprise be used tocut offkeep on ( doing sth.语言知识归纳：1. What s t
2、he matter (with you)?此句用来询问别人的病情。类似的句子还有：What s wrong with you?/ What s the trouble?matter作动词用，意为 要紧”有关系”，主要用于疑问句和否定句What does it matter? It doesn t matter.【例题】Does it if we can t finish it today?A. mind B. minds C. matter D. matters2. I have a sore throat.have患病”，常用“have a /an铭词”.have a coldhave a
3、feverhave a sore backhave a stomachache have a cough-Yes. He also a cough and a sore【例题】( )-Does he often have cold?throat.A. a; has B. /; has C. a; have D. /; have3. Lie down and rest!躺下休息 lie down 躺下单词词义过去式过去分词现在分词lie说谎liedliedlyinglie躺，平放laylainlying4. That s probably whyiB可能就是原因。probably意为 很可能，大
4、概”，表示的可能性很大，是一种近乎肯定的意思。5. hurt v.使受伤；伤害；疼痛He hurt his leg when he fell.他摔伤的时候伤了腿。My feelings were hurt when he didn t ask me t砒he布arty.参加聚会使我很伤心。6. The bus driver, 24-year-old Wang Ping.公交车司机，24 岁的王平24-year-old是用连字符连接数字和名词所构成的一个形容词结构，意思是“2核的(名词必须用单数，常用在名词前做定语)【例题】 A girl named DongXinyi looked after
5、 her disabled father.A. three-year-old B. three-years-old C. Three years old7. expect vt.期待；预期；期盼 expect的常见用法：expect+名词/代词The old man is expecting his daghter visit.expect to do sth.I expect to get a birthday present from my dad.expect sb. to do sth.Do you expect him to teach you English?八年级英语下册知识点第
6、1页共17页expect + 从旬I expect that you will get there soon.【辨析】expect与 look forward to两者都有期待的意思look forward to doing sth.I m looking forward to seeing Tom.8. But to his surprise.但是令他吃惊的是 to one s surprised 泠人惊奇的是 ”，相当于 主语+be+surprised ”To his surprise, he found the girl was bind.=He was surprised to fin
7、d the girl was blind.令他惊奇的是，他发现这个女孩是个盲人。【拓展】in surprise表示惊奇的”，相当于副词性短语，用来修饰动词。The two girls looked at each other in surprise.那两个女孩惊奇地互相看着。be surprised a诔示 对感到惊讶”。We are very surprised at the news.听至U这个消息，我们彳艮诧异。surprising表示使人惊奇的”，作表语时，主语是事物。9. They don t want any trouble.们不想惹麻烦。trouble用作名词，意为 烦恼，困难，
8、麻烦，疾病等His life is full of trouble.他的生活充满了 烦恼。What s the trouble恋么了 ？trouble用作动词，意为 麻烦，打扰”。I m sorto trouble you.抱歉打扰你。【拓展】与trouble相关的短语in trouble处于困境中get into trouble陷入困境Have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难【例题】-How is your English study? -Not bad. But I learning English grammar.A. am interested B. am
9、good at C. have a little trouble D. have no trouble 10.辨析 used to do sth. 与 be used to sth. / doing sth.过去常常习惯于某事/做某事We used to draw pictures badly.You will get used to the weather here.In the end, I got used to doing hard work.11. 辨析 run out 与 run out of人 + run out ofThey have run out of the water.
10、物 + run out (不可用于被动语态)The money is running out.【例题】选出能代替句中画线部分的一项()Yesterday I used up all the salt to cook dumplings. I need to buy some now.A. ate up B. run out of C. ran of D. ran out of12. make decisions = make a decision作出决定decision为decide的名词形式make a decision to do sth. = decide to do sth.13. b
11、e in control of 管理；控制A teacher should be in control of his class.重点语法：情态动词should的用法(1) should后接动词原形，变否定句在 should后加not,变一般疑问句时将should提前。(2) should常用于以下两种情况：提出建议You looked tired. You should lie down and rest.八年级英语下册知识点第2页共17页八年级英语下册知识点第11页共17页表推测，意为该，按理应当”。Wait a minute. I think he should come in a mi
12、nute.Unit 2 I ll help to clean up the city parks.重点短语:clean up put off used to set upby oneselfgive out give away make a differencecheer up put on take after care forcome up with语言知识归纳：1 . give out分发，发放【拓展】give构成的短语还有：give away赠给，赠送give in屈服，投降give up放弃give off发出（气味、光、热等）2 .come up with 提出，想出表示想出或提出
13、，相当于think ofI think she can come up with a good idea（2）come up with还可表示赶上“相当于 catch up with.We should study hard to come up with them【例题】（）We must a plan to improve your math.A. pick up B. catch up with C. come up with D. make up3. I run out of it.我已经把它用完了。run out of表示 用完，用光”，其主语一般是人。【拓展】run out of还
14、可表示 从跑出来”。Bill ran out of the room. Bill 从房间里跑出来。run构成的短语还有run away 逃走run after 追赶run into difficulties 遇到困难【例题】（）When your money, please come to me for some.A. runs out of B. runs out C. is running out of D. is run out4. I take after my mother我长得像我妈妈。【辨析】take after 与 look liketake after意为长得像，行为、性格等
15、像”尤其是像自己的长辈。The boy takes after his father.这个男孩长得像他爸爸。look like可以用于所有场合，既可指人也可指物，仅指外表看上去像。The man looks like our teacher.这个男的看起来像我们的老师。The rainbow looks like a bridge.彩虹看上去像一座桥。【拓展】take构成的短语take uptake offtake placetake one s timetake care【例题】（ ）-You ve really beautiful blond hair. -Thank you. I my
16、mother.A. look after B. take after C. take from D. look for5. set up创办，建立set up为副词短语，与 start, establish同义They ve set up a company.们仓办了一家公司。与set相关的短语还有：set out动身，开始(做某事)set off出发，引起，激发6. You helped to make it possible for me to have lucky.对我来说,有了你的帮助，我才有可能拥有 Lucky.it是形式宾语You made it possible for me t
17、o catch up with others.你让我有可能赶上其他人。【例题】()He found hard to go to sleep with the light on.A. it B. that C. he D. him7. Lucky makes a big difference to my life. Lucky 对我的生活产生了很大的影响。 make a big difference意为 对产生很大的影响，difference在此为 影响”的意思。【例题】( )The heavy snow didn t the international airlines.A. pay atte
18、ntion to B. add to C. make a difference to D. keep to8. imagine v.想象，假想；以为,认为imagine (v.想象) imagination (n.想象) imaginative (adj.富于想象力的)9. help. out帮克服困难，帮分担工作The teacher often helps his students out那位老师经常帮他的学生解决问题。10. be excited about.对兴奋I m excited about the game of Li N我对李娜的比赛感到兴奋。 exciting修饰物 重点语
19、法：动词短语动词短语主要有以下四种构成形式：动词+介词这类动词短语主要有： agree with, ask for, arrive at, hear of, look at, take after, listen tor0 这类动词后的宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。I m looking for my pen.Don t laugh at the poor man.(2)动词+副词这类动词短语有： find out, give out, look up, put on, turn on/off, wake up, work out 等。这类动词后面的宾语是名词时，名词可放在副词前面
20、或后面；宾语是代词时，代词只能放在 副词前面。Please pick up the pen.= Please pick the pen up. It took him two hours to work it out. (3)动词+名词+介词这类动词短语有：have a look at, make friends with, pay attention to, take care of, look forward to在这类动词短语中，宾语都放在介词之后。You should pay more attention to your pronunciation.(4)动词+形容词+介词这类动词短语
21、有：be angry with, be busy with, be good for, be different from, be interested in,be good at等。【例题】(1) ( ) When you don t know a word, you can in the dictionary.A. look it up B. set it up C. give it up D. pick it up(2) ( ) We will have dinner at the restaurant, which is famous its sea food.A. of B. to
22、C. for D.asUnit 3 Could you please clean your room?重点短语:take out the rubbish borrow some money a waste of timetake care ofmake the bedhelp with housework in order toin surpriseall the time hang out with.asas do the dishesas a result语言知识归纳：1. work on 从事于；着手干The writer is working on a new book.那位作家正在写
23、一本新书。She is going to work on her physics project.她打算从事她的物理项目。【例题】（ ）The scientists are inventing some methods of producing electricity.A. working on B. working out C. working at D. working for2. at least 至少at least修饰时间、距离、长度等，以加强语气。翻译短语位at most意为至多，最多”。He kept me waiting at least an hour.There were
24、fifty people there at most.3. all the time 一直；总是Things are changing all the time 事情一直在变化。in time及时【拓展】time相关的短语on time 准时at the same timeR时From time to time 偶尔 the first time 第一次 【例题】选出能代替句中划线部分的一项。（）I always go shopping on Friday.A. all the time B. all the same C.all along D. all the way5. I m just
25、 as tired as you are!和你样累。 as.as意为 和一样”表示同级比较。as.as中间要用形容词或副词原级。This story is as interesting as that one 这个故事和那个一样有趣。否定式为not as/so.asB为 不如The garden is not so beautiful as you thought.【例题】（ ）He speaks French well, but of course not a person born in France.A.as clear as B. clearer than C. as clearly
26、as D. the more clearly6. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did廿个星期，她不做家务，我也不做家so,neither倒装句型j So +助动词/ be动词/情态动词+主语Neither +助动词/ be动词/情态动词+主语这两种结构常用来说明前面所说的情况，后面某人（物）也是这样。助动词/ be动词/情态动词在形式上与前句的谓语保持一致，而其单复形式由后句的主语决定。So依附于肯定句，neither依附于否定句。Bill watched TV last night. So did Ann.Li
27、ly isn t a teacher. Neither is Mary.【例题】（）-I never drink coffee. -.A.So do I B. So did I C. Neither did I D. Neither do I7. 辨析 borrow 与 lendborrow sth. from sb.向某人借（入）某物lend sth. to sb. / lend sb. sth.把某物借给某人【注】borrow,lend都是非延续性动词，如果要表示借多长时间”要用keepo【例题】（ ）Although you like the book, you may only it
28、for two weeks.A. borrow B. keep C. lend D. stay8. spendv.花费（金钱；时间） spend +钱/时间+ on sth. 在上花费时间或金钱spend +时间+（ in） doing sth.花时间做某事【例题】（）Yang Feng every Saturday afternoon volunteering in an old peopleA. costs B. takes C. pays D. spends9. provide v.提供；给予provide sth.& provide sb. with sth.provide sth.
29、for sb.The restaurant provide the best service.The parents provide the children with food and clothes.The schools provide desks and chairs for the students.t free plastic bags to shoppers【例题】（）To protect the environment, supermarkets donA. take B. show C. provide D. carry10. depend on依靠；依赖；相信depend
30、on为固定短语，不能用进行时态，也不可用被动语态As we know, good results depend on hard work.You can t depend on your parents forever.10. The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future孩子越早学会独立，对他们 的将来就越好。the +比较级.，the +比较级. 越就越”The harder you work at your study, the better grades you will have.
31、【例题】（ ）-There was thick haze零霾）in our city this spring. What do you think of it ?-I think cars we drive,pollution our city will have.A. the fewer; the fewerB. the fewer; the lessC. The more; the fewerD. the more; the less11. in order to 的用法（1） in order to意为 为了”，强调目的，后接动词原形。In order to let the studen
32、ts hear him, he spoke loudly.We have to study hard in order to pass the exam.In order not to be late for school, she took a taxi.（2）含in order to的句子可以转变为由so that或in order that引导的状语从句。She ran quickly in order to catch the bus.She ran quickly in order that she could catch the bus.She ran quickly so tha
33、t she could catch the bus.12. as a result的用法as a result于引出结果，常用于两个句子之间，其中一个是另一个的结果，且前后用标点符号将两个句子隔开，意为 结果是 OHe didn t listen carefully. As a result, he couldn t work out the maths problem.【注】as a result of的意思是 由于，因为， 相当于because ofPeter was late as a result of the heavy rain.= Peter was late because o
34、f the heavy rain.【例题】（）The boy studied hard. , he passed the exam.A. la fact B. On time C. After all D. As a resultUnit 4 Why don t youtalk to your parents?重点短语:get on within one s opinion get into a fightcall sb. uplook throughwork outcut outcomparewitha big dealso thatcommunicate withnotuntilinste
35、ad of 语言知识归纳： 1. Why don t you talk to your parents?Why don t you do sth尸 Why not do sth为什么不 “？” 【拓展】提出建议的句型 What/How about doing sth.?做某事怎么样？ Shall we do sth.?我们做某事好吗？You d better（not） do st的最好（不）做某事。 Why don t you do sth.为什么不做某事呢？ Would you mind doing sth.?你介意做某事吗？ 2. allow v.允许，许可allow sb. to do
36、sth.允许某人做某事 “My parents allow me to play computer game on weekends.allow doing sth. 允许做某事”She doesn t allow smoking in her house.allow+名词We can t allow such a thing.【例题】（）Do you often allow until 11:00 p.m.A. to stay up B. stay up C. staying up D. and stay up3. work out产生效果，进展Things worked out quite
37、 well for us.对我们来说，事情进展很好。He worked out the maths problem.他算出了这道数学题。Can you work out the problem alone?你一个人能把问题搞清楚吗？4. communicatev.交流信息； 沟通I can t communicate with them at the moment亥U我无法同他们进行交流。communication n.交流People can t get on well with each other without communications交流， 人们就无法相处得好。【例题】选出能代替
38、旬中划线部分的一项。（ ）People choose to keep in touch with their friends by e-mail.A. write B. read C.agree D. communicate5. arguevi.争论；争吵argue with sb.与某人争论Don t argue with your parents要和你的父母争论。argue的名词形式是argument ” , have an argument withs人辩论。Alice hand an argument with her best friend.【例题】（）I never argue m
39、y parents.A.in B.to C.for D.with6. insteadadv.代替，顶替If you are busy, you may come another day instead. 【辨析】instead 与 instead ofinstead副词舍前取后，可单独使用，位于旬首或旬末。instead of介词短语舍后取前，后面常跟名词，代词及动词 ing0He didn t answer. He asked his father instead.We eat rice instead of noodles.【例题】（）What a nice day! We should
40、go sightseeing watching TV in the hotel.A.because of B. instead of C.together with D.out7. offer v.提供；提出；建议offer做提供”讲时，可接双宾语。offer sth. to sb.= offer sb. sth. 向某人提供某物The waitress offered a cup of tea to the man.= The waitress offered the man a cup of tea.offer还有 提出，建议”的意思，其后接不定式，表示主动提出做某事。The old ma
41、n offered to lend the boy some money.【例题】（）The little boy his seat to an old lady on the crowded bus.A. lent B. offered C. tookD. brought8. And they are always comparing them with other pare作动词，意为 比较，和相比”。 compare.with.把同相比较Parents shouldn t always compare theiirenniidith others.父母们不该总是把自己的孩子同别人相比较。
42、 compare.to.把比作People often compare the life to a stage 人们常把生活比作一个舞台。【例题】（ ）My handwriting can not be compared my father s.A. to B. with C. on D.for11. My cousin borrows my things without returning them.return意为归还”，其后可接双宾语return sb. sth. = return sth. to sb.Don t forget to return me the keys.return还
43、有 返回”的意思，相当于go back,后接地点时需要介词to。He returned to Shanghai a week ago.【例题】那本书你还给图书馆了吗？Did you the book the library?（ ）I don t know when we will Hong Kong.A. return back B. return to C. return back to D.returnUnit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?重点短语：go offdie downtake downin a messbasketb
44、all competition语言知识归纳：pick upmake one s way at firstthe rest ofas wellfall asleep in silence wait for have meaning to make sure1. while当的时候作连词引导时间状语从句，在 while引导的从句中，其谓语动词只能是延续性动词，强调主从 句中的动作或状态同时发生。While I was watching TV, someone knocked at the door.when意为 当时”，动作有一前一后的意思。When I passed that room I he
45、ard someone singing.while作连词时也可理解为 然而”，表示转折关系。I like apples while my sister doesn t.【例题】( )Tom likes reading a newspaper he is having breakfast.A.until B.while C.because D.though( )Mary was talking on the phone someone knocked at the door.A.while B.before C.when D.after2. make sure查明；确信 make sure of
46、 sth. make sure to do sth. make sure that + 从旬【例题】( )Read your English paper again and there is no mistake in it before you hand it in.A.make sure B.turn up C.come out D.look for3. I got to the bus stop but I still missed the bus.get意为 到达”时，是不及物动词，后面跟地点名词时，要加介词to。How can I get to the nearest supermarket ?表示 到达”的三种形式：arrive意为到达f at +小地点arrive in + 大地点get to后接地点名词。He got to school at 7:00 this morning.reach意为到达”，是及物动词，后面直接跟地点名词。When did you reach