新人教版英语八年级上各单元知识点大归纳(二).docx

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1、8. enjoy doing sth.10. start doing sth.11. stop doing sth.12. dislike doing sth.14. so + adj + that +16. tell sb. (not) to do sth.告诉某人(不要)做某事想去做某事停下来去做某事八年级上册英语各单元知识点大归纳Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?【语法解析】不定代词:不指名代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。用法注意:1 . some和any +可数名/不可数名。some多用于肯定句,any多用于否定句、疑 问句和条件从句。

2、有些问句中用some不用any,问话者希望得到对方肯定回答。2 .由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词作主语时,其谓语动词用第三单3 .不定代词若有定语修饰,该定语要置于其后:如: something interesting二、知识点:1. buy sth for ab./ buy sb. sth为某人买某物2. taste + adj. 尝起来3. nothing - -.but + V.(原形)除了之外什么都没有4. seem + (to be) + adj 看起来5. arrive in + 大地方/ arrive at +小地方 到达某地6. decide to

3、 do sth.决定做某事7. try doing sth.尝试做某事/ try to do sth.尽力做某事喜欢做某事9. want to do sth.开始做某事 =begin doing sth.停止做某事 区分:stop to do sth.不喜欢做某事从句 如此以至于1517. keep doing sth.18. forget to do sth.继续做某事忘记做过某事忘记去做某事/ forget doing sth词语辨析:1. rtake a photo/ take photos 拍照quite a few+名词复数“许多”2. seem形容词看起来 . You seem h

4、appy today._: to do sth. 似乎、好像做某事 I seem to have a coldIt seems + 从旬 彳以乎. It seems that no one believe you. seem like .好像,彳以乎.It seems like a good idea.3. r arrive in + 大地点,=get to= reach+M点名到达.”二 arrive at + 小地点(注:若后跟地点副词 here/there/home,介词需省略,如:arrive here; get home4. feel like sth/ doing sth.感觉像是

5、 5. wonder想知道,+疑问词(who, what, why)弓I导的从句。 勺because of +名/代/V-ing二Because+A句,表示直接明确的原因或理由。He can t take a walk because of the rain.I don t buy the shirt because it was too expensive.7.j enough +名词“足够 ”,形容词/副词+enoughUnit2 How often do you exercise?【语法解析】1 .频率副词:always, usually, often, sometimes, never

6、频率副词在句中通常放在实义动词之前,be动词或助动词之后。常用于一般现 在时态中2 .“次数”的表达方法一次 once, 两次twice ,三次或三次以上用基数词 + times, three times, five times,3、how often “多久一次”问频率,回答常含有频率词组或短语。常见的how疑问词:1) How soon多久(以后)- How soon will he be back?他多久能回来?- He will be back in a month.他一个月后能回来。2) how long “多久”,eg-How long did it take you to cle

7、an the house?你打扫房子用了 多久?It took me half an hour to clean the house.我打扫这房子用了 半/、时。“多少”问数量(how much还可问价格)2. look after = take care of 顾4. healthy lifestyle 康的生活方式6. keep healthy=stay healthy 持健康8. take more exercis做更多 的运动10. be different fromT 同12. twice a week周两次14. most of the students=most student

8、购物 16. be good for对什么有益18. come home from schoo便回家20. get good grades 得好成绩22. take a vacatio 去度假3) How many+名复/How much+不可名二、知识点:1. go to the movie去看电影3. surf the interneth 网5. go skate boardin去戈 U板7. eating habit歆食习惯9. the same asf 什么相同11. once a month 月一次13.make a difference to 什么有影响15.shop=go sho

9、pping=dosome shopping17. be bad fo对什么有害 19 .of course = certainly = sr燃21. keep/be in good heaWJ 健康【词语辨析】一、maybe / may be1. The baby is crying she is hungry.或许,一般用于句首。May be情态动2. The woman a teacher .maybe是副词,意为 大概,可能,词,意为 可能是.,也许是.,大IS是.二、1) a few / few / a little / little1. people can live to 100,

10、bui people can live to 150.2. There istime left, I don t catch the first bus.3. Could you give me milk?a few少数的,几个,一些)a littleb点儿,少量)表小目Mfew艮少的,几乎没有的)P little (很少的,几乎没有的)表不否定修饰可数名词修饰/、口数名词2)、hard / hardly1. The ground is too to dig2. I can understand them.3. It s raining ,the people can go outside.h

11、ard作形容词,意为困难的,艰苦的,硬的”;作副词,意为努力地,猛烈 地”。Hardly意为几乎不”。4. As for homework , most students do homework every day .as for.意思是 至于;关于,+名词、代词或动词的-ing形式(即动名词)。如: As for him I never want to see him here.于他,我永远不希望在这里见到。As for the storyyoud better not believe谯于那故事,你最好不要相信。1.1. That sounds interesting.这是主语+系动词+表语

12、”结构的简单句。sound (听起来),100k (看起来), smell(闻起来),taste (尝起来),feel (觉得),seem (好象),grow (变彳#) ,get(变得)等词在英语中可用作系动词,后跟形容词作表语。如:It tastes good.这味道好。The music sounds very sweet音乐听起来很入耳。The smoke grew heavier and heave露变得越来越浓了。2 . Be about (介词) 是关于 由/代/V-ing4 .Here be is+- 单:Here is a photo of my family.这是一”are

13、 唱复:Here are some books.5 .find(found)+that 从句:发现Eg:I found that most students go to school by bike.6 .percent名词,意为百分之”百分数用基数+ percent (不用复数形式),percent做主语时,谓语动词的 数要根据其后面的名词来确定e.g. 50% fifty percent 百分之五十Fifty percent of the apples are bad.50%的苹果都坏了。Twenty percent of the meat is in the fridge.20%的肉都在

14、冰箱7 .not taall意为点也不”.not应放在be动词、情态动词或助动词之后。e.g. The story isn t interesting at felih故事一点也没有趣。8 . It is + adj. to do sth.干某事是例如: It is interesting to play computer games.玩电脑很有趣。9 .the best way_to_do_sth.做某事的最好方式e.g. The best way to learn English is through more practice10 . take, spend, payIt takes s

15、b. some time to do sth.意为 花费某人时间来做某事人(sb.) spend时间/钱J on sth.买某物花了钱”。j(in) doing花费多少时间来做某事pay的主语必须是人,而 花钱买某物”为pay for11 .however副词,意为然而,可是,表示转折关系,可放在句首、句中、句末Unit3 I m more outgoing than my sister.【语法解析】形容词比较级1 .形容词的原形就是原级,2.比较级,表示较或更3.最高级,表示最。2 .比较句型:A + be动词+形容词的比较级+than +BA比B更”(注意:A与B必须是同级的,即必须是人与

16、人,物与物进行 对比)副词比较级常用的句型结构:1 . A+实意动词+副词比较级+ than + B”表示A比B”2 .比较A , B两人/两事物问其中哪一个较 时用句型;Who/which + 谓语动词 + adj./adv比较级,A or B ?” Who is thinner, Jenny or Mary?特殊用法1 .比较级+and+比较级”,意为 越来越”。多音节比较级用more and more+M级”2 . the+比较级(),the+比较级()”意思是:越越The more, the better.3 .主is the形比+of the two+名复 “主语是两者中较 ”4 .

17、两者在某一方面相同:A+谓语动词+as+ adj./adv原级+ as+ B.Helen is as tall as Amy.Peter studies as hard as Tom.表示两者在某一方面不及另一方时,用“noa s/so+W容词或副词原级+as”Eg. I am not as tall as my sister.?形容词,副词比较级前的修饰语。当需要表示一方超过另一方的程度时,可以用much, a lot, a little, a bit,等来修饰形容词比较级。注意:比较级不能用very, so, too, quite等修饰。二、知识点l.have fun=Have a goo

18、d time 玩得开心have fun doing sth 做某事很开心2 . do the same things_as me.(翻译); the same as 表示: ,3 . A good fried is good at sports.(翻译)be good at意为,其后可接名词、代词或动名词。同义词组: do well in He English.他擅长英语)I m basketbOt擅长打篮球)4 . care about 意为_心; care for 意为 _爱;take care 的 /小心)take care of (照顾)=look after5 .makes me l

19、augh.翻译); make sb. do sthB为: .His father always up before five o让他起lfc)Dck.(让(使)某人做某事(make后跟不带to的不定式)make sb.形容词:使某人保持某种状态 :e.g. My friends always make me happy6 .be like 就像一” :I am like your sister.Look like “外貌上的像 ” 1100k like my sister.7 .That s why+f:那就是的原因/那就是为什么Eg:那就是我学习英语的原因:1.1 ts+形 + (for s

20、b.) to do sth. “做某事(对某人来说)是.”9 . make friends with sb 与某人交朋友10 . as long as 只要;既然,引导条件状语从句11 . be different from 与不同; 反:be the same as 与 相同12 .though adv.不过;可是;然而(句末补充说明使语气减弱)conj.虽然;尽管;=although与but不能同时用在一个句子中eg :He said he vould come, he didn t, thoufg燧他要来,可是并没有来。Though/Although he has been dead f

21、or many years, many people still remember him.尽管他已经去世很多年了,但很多人仍然记得他13 .get better grades取得更好的成绩14 .does励动词do/did),为了避免重复,可代替上文出现过的实意动词。I work harder than Tom(is/do/does/did).15 .be good with sb.与某人相处得好Unit 4What s the best movie theater?【语法解析】1)形容词最高级:用于三者或三者以上的人或事物相比较。2)标志词:表比较范围时用in/of3)形容词最高级前须加定

22、冠词the副词最高级前可省略the。表示“三者(或以上)中最的”的句型1. A + be + the形容词最较级+表示范围(in/of介词短语)2. A +实意动词+ (the)副词最高级+表示范围的of/in介词短语 常用句式:1) Who/ Which 以高级,A, B or C ?2) one of +the + 形容词最高级+名词复数形式,意为 最一之一”。3)序数词后跟形容词最高级二、知识点1、in town在镇上2、welcome to +地名:欢迎来到.3、How do you like + 名/代/V-ing : “你认为怎么样? ”=What do you think of4

23、、Thanks for=Thank you for + 名/代/V-ing:感谢”5. 不客气: No problem. = You re welcome. =Not at all.6. talent名(可)天赋 talent show才艺表演talented 形:有天赋的:be talented in7. be good at 擅长(= do well in) 反义短语:be poor / weak in 在方面弱; be good for 对有益”,后跟人或事物;其反义短语是 be bad for。be good to 对好(和善;慈爱):相当于be friendly to,后面通常接人8

24、. have in commoW相同特征;(想法、兴趣等方面)相同9. all kinds of各种类型的;各种各样的different kinds of 不同种类的a kind of 一种* kind of 有点 + 形: kind of boring / fat /thin10. It s up to sb. to dosthft 事是某人的职责11. make up 编造(故事、谎言等)Dont make up a story.12. take serious1ym对待Don t take it so seriously.别把这件事看得这么严重。13. play a role in do

25、ing sth. “在一中发挥作用/扮演角色”14. win动-won:赢得+奖品winner名:赢者15. give gave世)give sb. sth= give sth. to sb.给某人某物He gave me some money尸 He gave some money to me.16. watch sb. do sth.观看某人彳了某事.,doing sth.观看某人正在做某事17. 举例:like :可和such as互换.such as常列举几个例子,不能穷尽,可和 and so on代等)连用for example:一般只列举一个,作插入语用逗号隔开,可置于句首/句中/

26、句末;e.g.I like fruits , apples.apples, bananas and pears.Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show?【语法解析】1 .询问某人对某物的观点及看法:What do you think of?=How do you like?2 .描述喜好 I love/ like/ dont mind/dislike/cant stand (复习巩固一般现在时态:主语+V+其他; 主语(三单)+V(三单)+其他)一、知识点1 . w want + n 想要J want to do sth 想要做某事w want sb t

27、o do sth想让某人干某事 2 .mind:介意;其后+名词/代词/V-ing3 .stand 1)站,站立 e.g. Stand up! 起立2)忍受多用于否定句、疑问句),后可+名/代/V-ing5 .plan vt. & vi.计戈U,打算,plan to do sth.plan还可作名词,如: make plans制定计划6 .动词 discuss 时论)+ ion- discussion had a discussion about sth.7 . happenv.发生;出现 sth+ happens to sb.或 “Sth happend +B寸间/地点”句式8 .情态动词:

28、may:语气弱于can,意为 可能”might表推测,语气最弱,意为 可能”may/might not表示否定推测时语气最弱,意为 可能不”They may not be very exciting.她们可能不是那么另人兴奋9 .expect to do sth. 期盼做某事hope to do sth:希望干某事很多动词后面都可以跟动词不定式作宾语,如:want, like, hope, wish, learn, start, begin, prefer, try, ask10be famous as职业名 作为而出名”,tbe famous for sth.表示 以某种知识技能,作品或特征

29、而出名”,11.one of后跟可数名词复数,表示 之一。其后的谓语动词用单数。e.g. One of my favorite movies is Mr. Bean.我最喜欢的电影之一是憨豆先生。12.always ready to do sth.,表示 总是准备好做某事13.try one s besttj;竭尽全力”的意思14.show名:“节目:TV shows/ talent showsL 动:“展示 show sth. to sb尸 show sb. sth.15 .take one s plgCeh 替换16 . do a good job 干得好Unit 6 I m going

30、tstudy computer science.【语法解析】1 .将来时用于表示未来将做的事,常用“be + going to+词原形”来表达,表示计划或根据某些现象或征兆预测不久即将 发生的事情。含有 打算”之意。常与tomorrow, next Sunday, next month, the day after tomorrow等表示将来的时间状语连用。1) .结构 主语 + be(is/am/are) going to + do sth2) .否定式:主语 + be not + going to do sth.二、知识点1. want to be/become + 职业)名词:“想要成为

31、.”I want to be (be) a scientist when I grow up.2. write stories 写故事 tell stories 讲故事3. keep on doing sth继续做某事(表动作的反复)keeping doing sth.保持做某事(表动作或状态的持续)4. T be sure about +S/代/V-ing 肯定”-Are you sure about that?make sure (that)+A句 “确保 ”Make sure that both doors are closed when you go out5. learn 户th.W

32、e must learn English every day.-to do sth. I am going to learn to play ( play) the piano.6. discuss v.讨论;商量 名词是 discussiondiscuss with sb.与某人讨论:Discuss this question with your partner.Let s discuss this problem.让我们讨论一下这个问题。All we need now is action, not discussion. 我们现在需要的是行动,不是讨论。7. be able to do s

33、th能够做某事区分(1) can : can包词原形,无人称和数的变化。只能用于一般现在时和一般 过去时,不能用于将来时be able to +动原,有人称和数的变化。(be:is/am/are。可用于多种时态can常指客观上能够;be able to 更侧重于“克服一定困难”、“经过努 力”、“有能力”做成某事。He will be able to(能够)speak English next year.(在此不能填 can)8. promise n.承诺;诺言v.许诺;承诺;答应make a promise(to sb.)(对某人)许下诺言keep a promise 遵守诺言 break

34、a promise违背诺言promise (sb. ) rto do sth.许诺某人干某事+that从句He promised to help me.他许诺过要帮助我。I promised that I study hard from now on.我承诺从现在起努力学习。9. have to do with 关于; 与有关系The book has to do with computers.见日本书与计算机有关。10. take up -sth.(尤指为消遣)学着做;开始做 doing sth.I am going to take up cooking next year.明年我将要学煮饭

35、。11. Sometimes the resolutions may be too difficultjo keep. too+形容词/副词to+动原,表示 太而不能如: The kid is too young to play (play) this game.这个小孩太小,不能玩这个游戏。12. ones own +名”某人自己的东西”强调某物为个人所有My own book我自己的书本Unit 7 Will people have robots?【语法解析】一般将来时:1、概念:(1)表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 We shall go to see him tomorrow.(2)

36、表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。From now on I shall come everyday.2、结构:1)主+be going to +V原形+其他2)主+助动词shall / will + V 原形+其他.3、句中的时间状语:tomorrow 明天;next week/month/year下周/月/年; in+时间段:多长时间之后;the day after tomorrow 后天;4. There be句型的将来时:”(某地)将有某物1)、There will be+名词(一般疑问句: Will +there be 肯:Yes, there will;否:No, there won

37、) t.2)、There is going to be钻(单)/不可数名There are going to be+S (复)5. 一般将来时和be going to表示将来1)表达一种事先计划或打算时(说话人打算在将来做某事因为在过去他或她已 制定了一个计划或决定去做这件事),只能用be going to.2)表达意愿时,只能用will.拓展:将来时也可以用 现在进行时“be +/-ing来表达,表示按计划和安排即 将发生的动作,语气较婉转,动词多是一些来、去”的位移动词。如:go, come, leave, start, move, arrive, reach, return, drive

38、, travel, land He is leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 他明天去北京。The plane is landing soon.飞机即将着陆。一、课文知识点1 .许多jmany+可数名词比较级 more最高级 mostL much +不可数名词,少许 few: 比较级 fewer 最高级 fewest + 可名:cars, trees, buildings, people 1(否)little: 比:less 最 least + 不可名:water, air, paper, time, pollution(肯)a few / a little2、live

39、 to be基数词 + years old活到一岁”3、be in great danger 处在极大的危险中4、play a part in + 名/代/V-ing.参与某事/做某事Everyone should play a part in saving the earth.5、help sb. with sth.帮助(做) He often helps me with my English.help sb. (to) do sth.帮助做 He often helps me study English.help oneself ( to )自用(食物等)Help yourself to

40、the fish.请随便吃鱼6、动词后跟形容词的情况(构成系表结构)1) 表状态的动词:be/seem/keep/stay I exercise to keep healthy.2)感官动词:sound/look/taste/feel That sounds great.3) 表变化白动词: get/become/turn The robots never get bored.7. make sb.(代词为宾格)do (让)(做) He made Tom laugh.使役动词是表示“使、令、让、帮、叫”等意义的不完全及物动词,还有leave, get ,keep , make(使,令),let

41、( 让),help( 帮助)等。1 .) make / let +sb. +do sth.2 ) . get / leave + sb. to do / doing sth.3 ) leave sb. doing让继续处于某种状态Dont leave her waiting outside in the rain.8. the same as 和样反义短语: be different from某人花了9. It takes / took / will take sb. some time to do sth.时间做某事(时态根据具体情况决定)在 上花费时间(金钱)。花费时间(金钱)做某事 这道

42、数学题花了我个小时It takes me an hour to get to my office. spend time /money on sth.人 sb.|spend time /money (in) doing sth.I spent two hours on this math problem.They spent two years building this bridge.造这座桥花了 他们两年时间。10. hundreds of “许多;大量” +名词复数t数词+hundred“多少百”一类似的数词还有thousand (千),million (万)我们年级有400名学生The

43、re are four hundred students in our grade.There are hundreds of tourists in Beijing every year.Il.during“在期间 during the vacation/the daytime /the weekend12.the meaning of ” 的意思”Can you tell me the meaning of the words?Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake?【语法解析】一、会用副词first, next, then, after th

44、at, finally等来叙述做事的顺序或步骤的先后二、学会正确使用可数名词与不可数名词;1、名词:可数名:|单:前常有a/an / oneI复:前常有a few/ many /数词 2不可数名:无单复数形式,前常有 a little一点/ much许多/ 数词+ (容器)量词+of+不可数名词注:some一些/lots of= a lot of(许多)+可名词/不可数名2、名复数的构成:1)名+s 2)以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词,+es(规则)3)以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,变y为i,再+es注:以。结尾的有生命的名词,+es.如 tomato tomatoespotato potatoe

45、s以f或fe结尾的名词,把f或fe变V, +es: thief-thieves(小偷)leaf-leaveslife-lives不规则变化要加强记忆,如 man-men , woman -women, tooth-teeth三.学会在谈论食物制作过程中使用 How much? How many?问名词的数量:多少”How many +复数名词+一般疑问句How much +不可数名词How many bananas do we need?How much honey do we need? (how much 也可以用来问价格)四、知识点1 .cut是 切,割”的意思,过去式为cut。cut

46、up意为 切碎”,动副组合:J动+名+副;动+副+名 (动 +代(it/them) + 副Cut up the bananas. = Cut the bananas up. Cut it /them up.类彳以的词有:turn on打开,接通(电流、煤气、水等)turn off关掉,截断(电流、煤气、水等) turn up开大,调高(音量、热量等) turn down调低,关小(音量、热量等)2 .祈使句:一般以动词原形开头,通常省略主语(you)。表示请求,命令,劝说, 指示等。 结构:肯:V原+其它。否:Don t +W +其它。Cut up the bananas . Don t eat in class.3 . o one more thing 另外件事情 another ten minutes再多十分钟数字+ more +物品” 指 另外的”“anoth

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