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1、,1,中国电动汽车发展展望,Development and Prospect of Vehicle Electrification in China,同济大学,Tongji University,余卓平,Yu Zhuoping,2010.7.27,2,中国汽车工业现状,Current State of Chinas Automotive Industry,近年来，中国汽车工业迅猛发展，2009年汽车产销总量均超过1360 万辆，成为世界第一汽车生产大国( 按2008年以前预计,到2020年我国 社会汽车保有量达1.3-1.5亿辆，汽车年产量将达到1500万辆，成为世 界第一大汽车制造国，这一预
2、计显然已经保守 )。,Chinas automotive industry has undergone remarkable development in recent years. Total vehicle production and sales in 2009 exceeded,13.6 million units, making China the worlds largest car-making nation. (Based on estimates before 2008, by 2020 Chinas total car population,would be 130-150
3、 million, and annual car production volume would be 15 million, making China the worlds largest car-making nation. This estimate is now obviously conservative.),中国汽车工业发展面临的能源问题 Energy Problems Faced By Chinas Automotive Industry During Its Growth,汽车的快速增长使车用汽柴油需求不断 增大,我国石油供应安全面临严峻挑战,Rapid increase in
4、 automobile population has meant continuous increase in demand for automotive petrol and diesel, posing serious,challenges for the petroleum supply,4.55,61.5% 3.2,2005,2010F,2015F,2020F,我国未来车用燃油消耗量预测（单位：万吨）,Projected Fuel Consumption in China (Unit: 0,000 tons),我国未来石油进口依存度预测（单位：亿吨） Projected Relianc
5、e on Imported Crude Oil (Unit: 100 million tons) 3,我国未来汽车保有量预测（单位：万辆） Projected Car Population in China (Unit: 0,000 vehicles) 70.0%,进口依存度 Reliance on54.9% Import 44.4% 2.25 1.42,15000 10000 5000 0,30000 25000 20000,2010年 2010,2015年 2015,2020年 2020,2025年 2025,2030年 2030,货车 Goods Vehicle 客车 Passenger
6、 Vehicle 轿车 Sedans,中国汽车工业面临的CO2问题 CO2 Problems Faced by Chinas Automotive Industry,中国： 2020与国际先进水平接 轨 120 g/km？ China: To attain international standard of 120 g/km by 2020?,美、欧、日CO2减排总体目标： Total CO2 reduction targets for U.S., Europe and Japan: 美国：2016年目标为127g/km U.S.: 2016 target 127 g/km 欧洲：2020年目
7、标为95 g/km Europe: 2020 target 95 g/km 日本：2020年目标为115.5 g/km Japan: 2020 target: 115.5 g/km (Actual Values in 2004) (Actual Values),Europe U.S. Japan (Year) 4,油耗(L/100 km) Petrol,油耗(L/100 km),Consumption (L/100 km),5,第二阶段作为最低要求（门槛）， 高于此值不能上市销售 Minimum requirement (threshold) to meet Phase 2 of the Li
8、mits on Fuel Consumption for Passenger Sedans; passenger sedans cannot be sold if they exceed the said value 同时制定了各车型车队平均油耗 的目标值。第三阶段目标值比第 二阶段要求平均下降20%。,A target value was established with respect to the average petrol consumption of various car,models and car fleets. The target,value for Phase 3 mu
9、st be 20% less than that for Phase 2,6 4,18 16 14 12 10 8,700,900,1100,1300,1500,1700,1900,2100,2300,2500,2700,2900,中国汽车工业面临的CO2问题 CO2 Problems Faced by Chinas Automotive Industry 中国乘用车新油耗法规限值 Limits under Chinas new passenger vehicle fuel consumption regulations 以满足乘用车燃料消耗量限值,中国乘用车油耗法规限值 Limits und
10、er Chinas new passenger vehicle oil consumption regulations,Values,整车重量(kg) Weight of Assembled Vehicle (kg),6,中国电动汽车发展科技计划 Chinas Electric Vehicle Development Technology Plan,九五”清洁汽车行动 (替代燃料) Ninth Five-Year Plan Clean,Vehicle Project (Substitute Fuel) 第一阶段: 1998-2002 Phase 1: 1998-2002 - LPG 出租车 -
11、 LPG Taxis - CNG 城市客车 - CNG Intra-city passenger vehicles 第二阶段： 2003- Phase 2: 2003 -,- 醇、醚、柴油、生物质 等 - Alcohol; ether; diesel; bio-mass, etc. 2003年： 2003: 19万辆出租车和城市客车 190,000 taxis and intra-city passenger vehicles 600个 燃气加注站 600 gas filling stations 每年替代 130 万吨石油 Replace 1.3 million tons of crude
12、oil annually,十五”电动汽车重大科技专项 Tenth Five-Year Plan Electric Vehicle Major Technological Project,“十一五”节能与新能源汽车项目 “Eleventh Five-Year Plan Energy-Saving and New Energy Vehicle Project EV 2001-2005， 2006-2010 - 纯电动汽车 - Purely electrified vehicle - 混合动力汽车 - Hybrid-power vehicle,- 燃料电池汽车 - Fuel-cell vehicle
13、 目标：混合动力汽车实现产业化 Target: Commercialization of hybrid-power vehicles 纯电动汽车区域性规模应用 Large-scale regional application of electrified vehicles 燃料电池汽车规模化示范应用 Large-scale demonstration of fuel-cell vehicle application 形成电机、电池、燃料电池和控制系统等关键零部件的产业链 To form an industry chain consisting of key component parts su
14、ch as electric motors; batteries; fuel-cell and control systems,科技奥运新能源汽车示范 Demonstration Project for New-Energy Vehicles for Technological Olympic Games 科技世博新能源汽车示范 Demonstration Project for New-Energy Vehicles for Technological World Expo “十城千辆”行动计划 “Ten Cities; Thousand Vehicles Action Plan,北京和上海
15、 等13个城市先行 Inaugurated in 13 cities including Beijing and Shanghai,电动汽车,关键零部件工业,Key Component Parts,Industry for Electric Vehicles,Motor Driving and Control Units Motor Driving System,Motor Drive Systems,Power Battery and Battery Array Management Systems System,7,燃料电池汽车 Fuel-cell vehicles,混合动力汽车 Hybr
16、id-power vehicles,纯电动汽车 Electrified vehicles,电机驱动系统,燃料电池整车技术 Assembly Technology for Fuel-Cell Vehicles 整车标定和匹配 Standardization and Matching of Assembled Vehicles 燃料电池发动机 Fuel-Cell Engines,Motor Driving System DC/DC变换器 DC/DC Converter,纯电动车整车技术 Assembly Technology for Electrified Vehicles 整车标定和匹配 Sta
17、ndardization and Matching of Assembled Vehicles,政策、法规、标准、基础设施研究 Studies on Policies; Laws Standards and Infrastructural Facilities,混合动力整车技术 Assembly Technology for Hybrid-Power Vehicles 整车标定和匹配 Standardization and Matching of Assembled Vehicles 发动机和传动 Engines maximum efficiency for electric motor sy
18、stems is more than 93%, with power coverage of civil electric vehicles of below 200 kW, 90kW车用永磁驱动电机技术指标接近国际先进水平：系统功率密度1.36kW/kg、电机峰值效率,97%、高效区（系统效率80%）70%,Indicators for 90 kW vehicle-use permanent magnet electric motor technology close to,international standards: System power density 1.36 kW/kg; e
19、lectric motor peak value efficiency 97%; high-efficiency area (system efficiency 80%) 70%,18, ,电机企业正在积极完善产业链建设 Electrical motor enterprises are actively perfecting the industry chain 上海电驱动、南车时代等企业2010年 前将具备一定的配套能力，并基本满 足电动汽车发展需求。但与动力电池 产业化情况相比，投入略显不足 Enterprises such as Shanghai E- drive and CSR Tim
20、es possessed production capacity for installation in vehicles before 2010, and are capable of meeting current development needs for electric vehicles. However, the investments pale considerably in comparison with those needed for the commercialization of power batteries,电动汽车关键零部件 电机 Key Component Pa
21、rts for Electric Vehicles Electric Moto rs 重点电机企业近期产能与投资情况 Recent Production Capacity and Investments by Key Electric Motor Enterprises,电动汽车关键零部件 燃料电池 Key Component Parts for Electric Vehicles Fuel Cells, ,燃料电池可靠性、寿命等方面取得较大进展，经受住奥运示范等一系列 国际示范应用活动的考验 Reliability and lifespan of fuel cells have seen s
22、ignificant progress, with outstanding results achieved during international demonstration activities such as Olympic Games 低压燃料电池电堆动态寿命提升 Improvement in dynamic lifespan of low-voltage fuel-cell stacks 燃料电池发动机输出功率大幅提升 Significant improvement in power output of fuel-cell engines 整机运行的可靠性、耐久性和低温启动性能，以
23、及环境适应性有较大提高 Increase in operating reliability; durability; low-temperature activation; and environmental adaptability of assembled units 我国已成为世界上少数几个掌握车用百千瓦级燃料电池发动机研发、制造以及测 试技术的国家之一 China has become one of the few countries in the world to possess the technology for R,mobile hydrogen filling vehicle
24、 and fixed hydrogen-filling station, carried out with proprietary research.,23,十城千辆” 工程总体进展,Overall Progress of the 1,000 New Energy Vehicles and 100,000 Energy- Saving LED Street Lamps in 10 Cities Program,V,24,0%,2005,2010,2015,2020,2025,2030,2035,2040,十城千辆” 工程总体进展 Overall Progress of the 1,000 Ne
25、w Energy Vehicles and 100,000 Energy- Saving LED Street Lamps in 10 Cities Program 100% 80% 60% 40% 20%,十城千辆”行动上海电动汽车示范规划 “Ten Cities; Thousand Vehicle Program Plan for Demonstration of Shanghai Electric Vehicle 长期示范区,浦东示范区 Pudong Demonstration Area,Long-Term Demonstration Area 临时示范区 Temporary Demon
26、stration Area 嘉定国际汽车城示范区 Jiading International Automotive,City Demonstration Area,中心城示范区 City Center Demonstration,崇明生态镇示范区 Chongming Ecological Town Demonstration Area,世,Area 博园示范区 World Expo Park Demonstration Area 金山示范区 Jinshan Demonstration Area 25,世博园区电动汽车示范运行 Demonstration Operation of World E
27、xpo Park Electric Vehicle 世博园区内，6辆燃料电池大巴、36辆超级电容大巴运行于世博大道线上，100辆燃料电池观光车、270辆纯电动场馆车运行于地面博成路和高架步道两条观光线上及场馆之间，90辆 燃料电池轿车为世博会贵宾提供交通服务，实现了世博园区公共交通“零排放”。 Within Expo Park, 6 fuel-cell buses; 36 super-capacitance buses; 100 fuel-cell tourist vehicles; and 270 electrified pavilion vehicles which ply two rou
28、tes - namely ground-level Bocheng Road and Elevated Pedestrian Walkway - and between the pavilions. In addition, 90 fuel-cell passenger vehicles provide service to Expo 2010 VIPs. These are designed to achieve zero emission for public transport in the Expo Park area. 世博会贵宾服务用车：90辆燃料 电池轿车 Expo 2010 V
29、IP vehicles: 90 fuel-cell passenger vehicles 地面博成路和高架步道线：100辆燃料 电池观光车 Ground-level Bocheng Road and Elevated Pedestrian Walkway: 100 fuel-cell tourist vehicles,越江线：120辆纯电动大巴,Trans-River Line: 120 electrified buses 26,世博大道：6辆燃料电池大巴 World Expo Avenue: 6 fuel-cell buses 世博大道：36辆超级电容大巴 World Expo Avenue
30、: 36 super- capacitance buses,场馆工作车：270辆纯电动场馆车 Pavilion vehicles: 270 electrified pavilion vehicles Green Line: Trans-River Bus Purple Line: Puming Road Bus Ring Line: Tourist Line (Beihuan Road; Elevated,Pedestrian Walkway),27,世博科技-燃料电池轿车示范,World Expo Technology Demonstration of Fuel-Cell Passenger
31、 Sedans,28,世博科技-电动公交客车示范,World Expo Technology Demonstration of Electric Buses,29,电动观光车示范,Demonstration of Electric Tourist Coaches,30,燃料电池VIP轿车 Fuel-cell VIP vehicle,燃料电池观光车 Fuel-cell tourist vehicles,燃料电池大巴 Fuel-cell buses,50辆 50 vehicles,6辆 6 vehicles,100辆,100 vehicles,燃料电池汽车供氢体系 Hydrogen-Supply
32、System for Fuel-Cell Vehicles 焦化厂氢气生产、提纯 Production, extraction and purification by coke-oven plant 安亭加氢站 Anting Hydrogen Filling Station 济阳路加氢站 Filling Station 40辆 40 vehicles 移动加氢站 Mobile hydrogen filling station,31,促进中国电动汽车发展的思考,Thoughts on Promoting the Development of Electric Vehicles in China,
33、 国家设立科技专项支持，行业积极主动建立产学研联盟进行技术攻关，突破电池（包括燃料电池）、,动力总成、电控等核心技术的瓶颈制约,The state set up technological project support and the industry is actively establishing industry- academic research alliances to undertake technological research to seek breakthroughs in batteries (including fuel cells), powertrain and
34、 electric control technologies, 政府设立新型产业专项支持产业能力建设，提高电动汽车的生产工艺、质量保证水平，降低成本,The government set up new-style industry project support for development of production capacity and improvement in production techniques for electric vehicles to ensure quality and reduce costs, 根据城市能源资源、交通特点，做好城市交通电动化所需的基础设施
35、规划和建设,To ensure that planning and construction of infrastructure facilities required for urban electrical,transportation are carried out based on the citys energy resources and traffic characteristics, 建立集中的零排放电动汽车示范区(如上海崇明岛,嘉定国际汽车城)，营造市场，创造新型商业化模式,大力推动汽车电动化进程,To construct concentrated zero-emission
36、 electric vehicle demonstration areas (such as those on Chongming Island and in Jiading International Auto City); to create market and new-style commercialization models, and to spare no efforts in promoting the electrification of vehicles,生态崇明岛 零排放电动汽车发展的首选 Ecological Chongming Island The First Cho
37、ice for Development of Zero-Emission Electric Vehicles,崇明岛陆域面积：1267平方公里 Land area of Chongming Island: 1,267 sq. km 崇明岛东西长：80公里； Distance from east to west: 80 km 崇明岛南北宽：1318公里； Distance from north to south: 1318 km 崇明岛人口总数：63.5万 Total population: 635,000 崇明岛交通状况: Transportation on Chongming Island:
38、 公路总里程：2690公里 Total road length: 2,690 km 公交线路：37条 Public buses: 37 routes 公交车辆：25130辆,Public bus fleet: 251 + 30 vehicles 崇明隧道通车后增加两条公交线路，共30辆公交车， Two new bus routes consisting of 30 public buses were added after the commencement of operation of Chongming Tunnel-Bridge Project 区域内出租车：280辆 Taxis on
39、Chongming: 280 vehicles 岛内运营卡车很少，全岛机动车数量 不超过10000辆 There are very few trucks operating on Chongming Island; total number of motor vehicles on the island is less than 10,000. 32,崇明岛建设目标:依托科技创新，推行循环经济，发展生态产业，努力把崇明 建成环境和谐优美、资源集约利用、经济社会协调发展的现代化生态岛区 Development targets for Chongming Island: All efforts s
40、hould be made to develop Chongming into a modern, ecological island with excellent and harmonious environment, with intensive use of resources and coordinated social and economic development by way of technological innovation and promotion of circulation economy, along with the development of ecological industries. Master Plan for Chongming Islands Planning Drawing for Township Systems,33,谢 谢！,Thank You,