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1、LOGO 汉译英句子的构造 语态转换 英汉互译 英汉语主动与被动的比较 v英汉语态使用的比较： v（A）英语大量使用结构被动句， 主要形式是助 动词be+过去分词。 v（B）而汉语则很少使用，即使用，也不像英语 那样有统一，固定的构成形式。主要有两种表现 形式：一种是含有“被，受，挨，遭，给，为，叫 ”等字样； 而大多数情况下，是采用第二种，用 主动态表达被动含义，称为意义被动句。 如：“ 飞鸟尽，良弓藏；狡兔死，走狗烹”。因此，在英 汉互译中，常常要变换语态。 v 英语语态比较： v英语里被动语态是一种常见的语法现象，使用频 率比汉语的被动式高，尤其是在一些正式的文体 中。 v汉语常用主动式
2、、被动态使用远少于英语，即使 用，也多用意义被动式，而少用结构被动式。 Company Logo 语态的转换 v由于肌肉和细胞活动的结果，身体不断地产生热。 vHeat is constantly produced by the body as a result of muscular and cellular activity. v在农村地区，越来越多的人接受了计划生育政策。 vBirth control has been accepted by more and more people in the countryside. v人们必须联系世界环境去认识和研究人口控制 问题。 vThe p
3、roblem of population control has to be recognized and approached in a world environmental context. v请全系师生于星期三下午两点在会议室集合， 听报告。 vAll teachers and students of the department are requested to meet in the conference room at 2：00 p. m. on Wednesday to hear a speech. Company Logo 被动态的表达功能 v被动态的表达功能 v1.没有动作
4、的执行者，或者不需要指明动作的执 行者 v2. 客观，叙述对象为客观物。 v3. 在正式文体使用较多， v避免出现主体， impersonal tone v语用上，客气委婉 Company Logo v 1.没有动作的执行者，或者不需要指明动作的执行者 v 现在已经找到了从垃圾中提取这些材料并加以利用的方法 。 v Methods are found to take these materials out of the rubbish and use them again. v 人们相信,发烧及其伴随的症状是人体克服毒素效应的保 护性反应。 （toxins） v It is believed
5、that fever and the conditions that accompany it are protective reactions to overcome the effect of toxins on the body. Company Logo v 2. 客观，叙述对象为客观物。 （石油） v 没有动作的执行者，或者不需要指明动作的执行者 v 因为石油深埋于地下，靠研究地面，不能确定石油的有无 ，因此，必须对地下岩层结构进行地质勘探。如果认为某 地区的岩层含有石油，就在该处安装“钻机”。 v As oil is found deep in the ground, its pr
6、esence cannot be determined by a study of the surface. Consequently, a geological survey of the underground rocks structure must be carried out. If it is thought that the rocks in a certain area contain oil, a “drilling rig” is assembled. v 2. 客观，叙述对象为客观物。 （石油） v 没有动作的执行者，或者不需要指明动作的执行者 v 因为石油深埋于地下，靠
7、研究地面，不能确定石油的有无 ，因此，必须对地下岩层结构进行地质勘探。如果认为某 地区的岩层含有石油，就在该处安装“钻机”。 v As oil is found deep in the ground, its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface. Consequently, a geological survey of the underground rocks structure must be carried out. If it is thought that the rocks in a certain are
8、a contain oil, a “drilling rig” is assembled. v 因为石油深埋于地下，靠研究地面，不能确定石油的有无 ，因此，必须对地下岩层结构进行地质勘探。如果认为某 地区的岩层含有石油，就在该处安装“钻机”。 v 3. 正式 ，避免出现主体， impersonal tone v 语用上，客气委婉 v It is generally considered not advisable to act that way. v Passengers are requested to cross the railway line by the footbridge onl
9、y. v Pedestrians are warned to keep off the grass. Company Logo v3. 正式 ，避免出现主体， impersonal tone v语用上，客气委婉 v 请即复，不胜感激。 v Your prompt reply will be highly/greatly appreciated. v 请寄贵公司产品图解目录一份为荷。 v It would be appreciated if you could send us an illustrated catalog of your products. v 承蒙对鄙公司及产品之关心，特表感谢
10、之意。 v Your interest in our company and products is greatly appreciated. Company Logo v查本馆藏书锐减。学生当不忘本馆书籍流通之规 则和他人之需。逾期不归还者当受严罚。 A notice by library v a formal version v 查本馆藏书锐减。学生当不忘本馆书籍流通之规则和他人 之需。逾期不归还者当受严罚。 v It has been noted (with concern )that the stock of books in the library has been declinin
11、g alarmingly. Students are requested to remind themselves of the rules of the borrowing and returning of books, and to bear in mind the needs of other students. Penalties for overdue books will in the future be strictly enforced. v Compare and contrast A and B v A. It has been noted with concern tha
12、t the stock of books in the library has been declining alarmingly. Students are requested to remind themselves of the rules of the borrowing and returning of books, and to bear in mind the needs of other students. Penalties for overdue books will in the future be strictly enforced. v B. The number o
13、f books in the library has been going down. Please make sure you know the rules for borrowing, and dont forget that the library is for everyones convenience. So from now on, we are going to enforce the rules strictly. 1) style: More formal More informal 比较分析: 2) diction: formal vs. ordinary StockDec
14、lineRemind ofBear in mind Numbergo downmake sure to know Not forget 3) sentence structure: impersonal vs. personal or passive vs. active It has been noted that the stock of books. Students are requested to remind themselves. Penalties for overdue books will be enforced. The number of books. Please make sure you know. We are going to enforce the rules. 4) person: third impersonal tonefirst person to second person tone