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1、名 词,目录,一 名词概述 二 名词的分类 三 名词的数 四 名词的格 五 名词的用法,一 名词概述,名词的概念：用来表示各种各样的人和事物名称的词就是名词 名词的范围包括：人称、具体事物、抽象事物、时间、地点、方向等,二 名词的分类,专有名词：姓名，国家，语言，月份，星期，节日，大学等 个体名词 可数名词 普通名词 (有单复数之分) 集体名词 物质名词：自然物质，食品 ，饮料等 不可数名词 （没有复数形式） 抽象名词：情感，学科，概念等,普通名词 一类东西或者一个抽象概念名词 个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体， 如：student， doctor 集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：
2、family，people 物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物， 如：air，sand 抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work, peace，happiness,注意： 1）普通名词前一般要加a或者an或者the 例如：a book the key 2)专有名词的第一个字母一般大写，前面加the,且the首字母不大写 例如：the USA the UN 3）人名前若有尊称或者头衔，第一字母大写 例如：Chairman Hu 4）集体名词(看做整体）作主语时，谓语只能用单数 例如： Class one is the No.1 in the sports game 5）可数名词
3、有数的概念，单数名词前一般加a/an；复数名词词尾一般加-s/-es 例如： an egg a box of eggs,6）专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词一般属于不可数名词，除此之外有一种判断不可数名词的方法： 液体物质：water. oil .soup 小颗粒物：dust sand 自然现象：light snow wind 抽象概念：thought importance 消息、建议：advice news information 事物总称：clothing jewelry,有些不可数名词在一定的上下文也可以用作可数名词，但往往意思也发生变化,一些专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词变复数后词义发生变化
4、,三 名词的数,（一）可数名词的数 1、 名词变复数的规则变化： （1）一般在词尾加-s 清辅音后读/s/ ，浊辅音后读/z/ deskdesks penpens roomrooms bagbags （2）以-s, -x, -sh, -ch结尾的加-es 读/iz/ 例如： boxboxes busbuses watchwatches,（3）以-y结尾的：辅音字母加y结尾，改y为i再加-es； storystories familyfamilies 元音字母加y结尾，直接加-s boyboys daydays （4）部分以f或fe结尾的词：把f、fe改为v，再加-es （半片树叶自己黄，妻子拿
5、刀去杀狼，架后小偷逃命忙） half leaf self wife knife wolf shelf thief life,leaf,wolf,wolves,leaves,knife,knives,2 名词变复数的不规则变化： （1）变内部元音 （oo-ee; a-e）或词尾发生变化 man-men tooth-teeth foot-feet child- children （2）单、复数词形相同的词 sheepsheep; deer deer fishfish;,（3）各国人的变化: 口诀“中日瑞不变,英法变中间,其他s加后边” 解析：“中日瑞不变” Chinese单复一致、Japanese
6、单复一致、Swiss单复一致 解析：“英法变中间” Englishman，Frenchman变中间，或 English、French保持单复不变； 解析：“其他s加后边” 排除中日瑞英法之外的，都直接加“s”； Australians Germans Greeks希腊人 Americans （4）以o结尾的词：通常加-s 个别加-es：negronegroes heroheroes potatopotatoes tomatotomatoes （黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿）,要点考点聚焦,找规律,tomatoes,potatoes,heroes,NOUN.,negroes,(5)由man, wom
7、an 构成的合成名词，变复数时将名词及man, woman都变成复数。 如：man drivermen drivers; woman teacherwomen teachers 但其他合成名词，只要把合成名词中的中心词 变为复数形式。 如：a banana treebanana trees; a shoe factoryshoe factories,(二)不可数名词的数 1 不可数名词所表示的事物一般不能用数来计算，没有词形变化，只能借助数词和量词来表示一定的数量，这类词主要为抽象名词和物质名词。 (1)表不定数量时，一般用much，(a)little, a lot of/lots of, s
8、ome, any等词修饰。 (2)表确定数量时，一般用“数词量词of不可数名词。 如：a piece of paper, a piece of news, a bag of rice, two glasses of milk, four bottles of water,a bottle of juice,a glass of orange,two boxes of milk,不可数名词,NOUN.,3）物质名词在某些情况下可以变为可数名词，有复数形式 （一）当物质名词转换为个体名词时 例如：Cake is a kind of food （二）当物质名词表示份数时 例如： Our countr
9、y is famous for tea Two teas ,please （三）抽象名词在一些固定词组中可用作可数名词 例如： take a walk catch a cold,5）可数名词和不可数名词表示复数时，用于修饰他们表示数量的词也不能乱用，有些只能修饰可数名词；有些只能修饰不可数名词；还有一些都可以修饰,注意 1）People 是集体名词，但当民族讲时可以用复数Peoples 2）以复数形式出现的书名,剧名报纸杂志名也是为单数 例如：The Arabian is a very interesting story-book 一千零一夜是一本非常有趣的故事书 3）表示有两部分构成的东西，
10、若表示具体数目，要借用数量词pair，例子如下页,与众不同,NOUN.,scissors,shoes,pants,glasses,chopsticks,注意：fish 作鱼讲时单复数同形可数；This is a fish 作鱼肉讲时，不可数; Eg:There is not much fish on the plate 作各种鱼类讲时后面必须加-es构成复数 Eg: He raises a lot of fish in the pool,名词所有格 1、s所有格通常用于有生命的事物 (1)单数名词后加s。如：my brothers book (2)不以s结尾的复数名词后加s。如：the chi
11、ldrens football (3)以s结尾的复数名词后加。如：the boys game (4)以s结尾的专有名词后直接加。如：Dickens novels (5)某物为两个名词共有时，在第二个名词后加s。 如：Tom and Davids room. (6)表示两个名词各自拥有的东西，在两个名词后都加s 如：Toms and Davids rooms. (7) 表示时间或距离的方法。 如：ten minutes drive十分钟程 a months holiday一个月的假期,2、of 所有格 无生命事物名词的所属关系，一般常用“ of 名词”来表示，即 of 所有格。如： a map
12、of China 一幅中国地图， the legs of the table 桌子的腿,补充：名词所有格所修饰的词的省略 1）表示店铺或某人的家时，常在所有格后省去 shop, home. The doctors the tailors my uncles the barbers 2）the+姓氏复数，表示“一家人” the Smiths史密斯一家;,五 、名词的用法,1 作主语(句子所要说明的动作或状态的主体，人或事) The students are playing football now. 2 作表语（放在系动词后表示主语的身份或特征） She is an English teache
13、r. 3 作宾语，包括及物动词和介词的宾语 （表示及物动词动作的对象） We are studying maths now. He often reads the newspaper before supper.,4 作定语，主要修饰它后面的名词 （限定或修饰名词、代词） This is a grammar book. This is a bicycle factory. 注：名词作定语时，除了man,woman用复数形式外，其他都不用复数形式，例如：a shoe shop, an apple tree,表示复数形式，two shoe shops, apple trees.,5 作状语，主要用
14、来表示时间、距离、长度、重量、程度、方式或价格等 The film lasted an hour. The box weighs 20 kilograms. I go to school every day. 6 作同位语We students must study hard.,指点迷津,Ten years _(is ,are) short time for me. A pair of shoes _(is, are) under the bed. The number of the students in our school _(is ,are) 2,000. The woman with
15、 two children _( is ,are ) coming here. Neither he nor I _(are, am ) an American.,is,is,is,is,am,NOUN.,指点迷津,6. Maths _(are, is ) hard to learn for the boy. 7. They are all _( woman, teachers ; women teachers). 8. The population of China _(are, is ) over 1,300,000,000. 9. There are many _(peoples,peo
16、ple )in the street in summer. 10. One of the students _(have, has) gone to Shanghai.,is,is,women teachers,people,has,NOUN.,1.Several _ are talking under the treeAnd they are_. Awoman;children Bwoman;child Cwomen;children 2.How far is your school from here？ Not very farIts about twenty walk. Aminutes
17、 Bminutes Cminutes 3. There are three in my family. A.people B. person C. child 4. Most students can go to college for further in our city. A. education B. information C.science 5. This is bedroom. The twin sister like it very much. A. Ann and Jane B. Ann and Janes C.Anns and Janes,典型例题解析,C,C,A,A,B,
18、NOUN.,典型例题解析,The Browns is going to visit China. ( ) The Browns are going to visit China. ( ) The young is dancing there. ( ) The young are dancing there. ( ) Physics are very difficult to learn. ( ) Physics is very difficult to learn. ( ) We have five Germen in this meeting. ( ) We have five German
19、s in this meeting. ( ),NOUN.,( ) 1. Please give me _ paper.A. one B. a piece C. a D. a piece of ( ) 2. This table is made of_. A. many glass B. some glasses C. glasses D. glass ( ) 3.Bill runs fast. He won the _ 800-metre race yesterday. Aboys Bboys Cboy Dboys . ( ) 4. Some _ came to our school for
20、a visit that day. A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies ( ) 5. In the picture there are many_ and two_.A. sheeps; foxes B. sheeps; foxes C. sheep; foxes D. sheep;foxs,课时训练,D,D,B,A,C,选择填空：,NOUN.,( ) 6. This is not my cap, but my _. A. brothersB. brothersC. brothersD. brother ( )7.They write mo
21、st of their_ in English. A. business letter B. business letters C. businesses D. businesses letters,B,B,NOUN.,( ) 8. _are_for cutting things. A. Knife, used B. Knives, using C. Knife, using D. Knives, used ( ) 9. John bought_for himself yesterday. A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoeC. two pair
22、 of shoes D. two pairs shoes ( ) 10.Excuse me, where is the_? A. mens room B. mens room C. mens rooms D. men rooms,D,A,A,根据所给单词的正确形式填空： 1. Different people may have different _. (idea) 2. I often go to work on . (foot) 3. I know one of the . (boy) 4. Mr. Brown is wearing a pair of . (glass) 5. Pleas
23、e give them their . (photo) 6. Are there any in the box? (watch) 7. There are twelve in a year. (month),ideas,foot,boys,glasses,photos,watches,months,NOUN.,8. Would you like some ? (tomato) 9. Look at those in the boats! (people) 10. Look! The are singing. (woman) 11. September 10th is Day. (teacher) 12. Jim has some . (knife) 13. How much are these ? (vegetable) 14. My school is twenty _ walk from here. (minute) 15. The girl under the tree is a friend of_. (Lucy),Lucys,minutes,vegetables,tomatoes,people,women,Teachers,knives,小结: 1、名词的数的变化，以及不可数名词作主语时的谓语。 2、名词所有格的运用。 3、名词的句法功能。 4、名词的词型的变化。,